ABSTRACT
The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to analyze the scientific output on adolescent social anxiety and its relationship with 15 psychoeducational variables in peer-reviewed journals during the period 2002-2021. The goal was to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on adolescent social anxiety and academic/school achievement, performance, self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-attributions, goals, attachment, adjustment, engagement, refusal, absenteeism, anxiety, learning strategies, and self-regulated learning. A search of scientific literature was conducted using Web of Science, and 157 empirical studies were identified. Analyses were conducted using bibliometrix 3.1 to avoid the risk of bias. The results suggested progressive growth in the scientific output on this research topic mainly in the USA, China, Spain, and Canada, and revealed trending issues and scientific interest regarding the relationship between adolescent social anxiety and academic/school achievement and performance. Other variables, such as academic/school attachment and self-regulated learning did not emerge. The results provide implications for practitioners (i.e., educators, clinical and educational psychologists, and psychiatrists), supporting emerging lines of research. Limitations include a lack of a review protocol and a lack of comparison with other international databases, such as PsychInfo, Scopus, PubMed, or ERIC.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Learning , Humans , Adolescent , Bibliometrics , China , SpainABSTRACT
Resumen La relevancia psicológica, social y educativa del presente estudio reside en la escasez de trabajos previos que hayan evaluado el rechazo escolar en Latinoamérica y las elevadas tasas de deserción a las que se enfrentan en esta región. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en examinar las diferencias en las puntuaciones medias de rechazo escolar y la formación de perfiles en adolescentes ecuatorianos y chilenos. Un total de 4266 estudiantes, entre 13 y 17 años de edad, procedentes de Ecuador (. = 14.83; SD = 1.86) y Chile (. = 15.23; SD = 1.26) fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. El instrumento empleado para evaluar el rechazo escolar fue la School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised. Las puntuaciones medias de rechazo escolar para Ecuador y Chile revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de pequeña magnitud. Entre los estudiantes chilenos se registraron puntuaciones medias más altas de rechazo escolar, con el fin de captar la atención de sus seres queridos y obtener reforzadores tangibles externos a la escuela, en comparación con sus iguales procedentes de Ecuador. Los análisis de conglomerados confirmaron cuatro perfiles de rechazo escolar en ambos países: Rechazo Escolar Bajo, Rechazo Escolar Alto, Rechazo Escolar Ansioso y Rechazo Escolar Absentista. A pesar de que los adolescentes chilenos obtuvieron puntuaciones medias significativamente más altas que los ecuatorianos en algunas dimensiones del rechazo escolar, los resultados revelaron una pequeña variabilidad entre los perfiles de rechazo escolar encontrados en ambos países. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten atendiendo a las características culturales definitorias de cada uno de estos países.
Abstract School refusal behavior is defined as any child or youth's difficulty to attend classes or to remain in the school. This behavior could be based or not on anxiety and prevalence rates from 5 to 28 % if it is considered any type of rejection towards the school. Adolescents demonstrating school refusal behaviors are very likely to demonstrate poorer academic performance, more stress, behavior problems and family conflicts. The psychological, social and educational relevance of the present study is due to the scarce of previous studies that have evaluated the school refusal behavior in Latin America and the high dropout rates that they face in this region. This study is focused on two countries, Ecuador and Chile, in order to identify possible differences regarding school refusal behavior scores between adolescents in both countries. The aim of this investigation was to examine the mean differences scores on school refusal behavior and the formation of school refusal behavior profiles in Ecuadorian and Chilean adolescents to determine whether these results differ from one another based on the geographical origin. In this study participated a total of 4266 students aged between 13 and 17 years old from Ecuador (. = 14.83, SD = 1.86; N = 1588) and Chile (. = 15.23; SD = 1.26; N = 2678). These students were selected by cluster random sampling. The measure used to assess the school refusal behavior was the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R). The SRAS-R is a self-report measure that assesses the relative strength of four proposed functions, or maintaining variables, of school refusal behavior: Factor I. Avoidance of school-based stimuli that provoke Negative Affectivity; Factor II. Escape from aversive Social/Evaluative situations at school; Factor III. Pursuit of Attention from Significant others; and Factor IV. Pursuit of Tangible Reinforcement outside of school. The SRAS-R was administered during the school day (a session of approximately 20 minutes) in groups who completed the scale anonymously in accordance with the ethical standards and also emphasizing the voluntary nature of the test. Regarding the results, mean differences scores on school refusal behavior revealed statistically significant differences of small magnitude with Chilean students reaching higher mean scores in school refusal behavior in order to pursuit the attention from significant others and to obtain tangible reinforces external to the school, in comparison with their equals from Ecuador. Cluster analysis confirmed four school refusal profiles in both countries: Low School Refusal Behavior (characterized by low school refusal behavior scores for the four factors of the SRAS-R), High School Refusal Behavior (characterized by high school refusal behavior scores for the four factors of the SRAS-R), Anxious School Refusal Behavior (profile that combines high scores on the first three factors of the SRAS-R and moderate scores for the fourth) and Absentee School Refusal Behavior (profile that combines moderate levels for the first three factors of the SRAS-R but high in the fourth factor). The results revealed a small variability between the school refusal behavior profiles across the countries. However, Chilean adolescents scored significantly higher than Ecuadorians in school refusal based on the search for tangible external reinforcements. The results of this research supported a low variability of the findings according to the country. The generalization of these results supports the transcultural validity of the SRAS-R and emphasizes that Ecuador and Chile share a similar situation regarding school refusal behavior. Some limitations of this work are considered, and they are proposed as future lines of research. To conclude, the results are discussed taking into account the defining cultural characteristics of each country.
ABSTRACT
This study analyses the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions, i.e. Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-S), and affect and the Big Five traits of personality in a sample of 804 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.57; DE = 1.12). Students t test, Cohens d index and logistic regression analysis were used. The high SOP-C group scored significantly higher than their peers having low SOP-C on Negative Affect and Neuroticism, and lower on Positive Affect, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience. To the contrary, students with high SOP-S scored significantly higher on all adaptive dimensions (i.e. Positive Affect, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness to Experience), and lower on Negative Affect and Neuroticism. Effect sizes were small for most of statistically significant differences. These findings were also supported by regression analysis. Results are discussed in light of the debate on the adaptive or maladaptive nature of Self-Oriented Perfectionism
Este estudio analiza la relación entre las dimensiones del perfeccionismo, es decir, el perfeccionismo auto-orientado-críticas (SOP-C) y el perfeccionismo auto-orientado-esfuerzo (SOP-S), y el afecto y los rasgos de personalidad del Big Five en una muestra de 804 españoles entre 8 y 11 años (M = 9.57; DT = 1.12). Se utilizaron la prueba t de Student, el índice d de Cohen y el análisis de regresión logística. El grupo con alto SOP-C obtuvo una puntuación significativamente mayor que la de sus compañeros con bajo SOP-C en Afecto Negativo y Neuroticismo, así como significativamente menor en Afecto Positivo, Amabilidad, Conciencia y Apertura a la Experiencia. Por el contrario, los estudiantes con alto SOP-S obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en todas las dimensiones adaptativas (es decir, Afecto Positivo, Extraversión, Amabilidad, Conciencia y Apertura a la Experiencia), y más bajas en Afecto Negativo y Neuroticismo. Los tamaños del efecto fueron pequeños para la mayoría de las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Estos hallazgos también fueron apoyados por el análisis de regresión. Los resultados se discuten a la luz del debate sobre la naturaleza adaptativa o desadaptativa del perfeccionismo auto-orientado
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Perfectionism , Self Concept , Affect , Social Desirability , Personality Assessment , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Tests/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/methodsABSTRACT
This study analyzes the relationship between the two intrapersonal perfectionism dimensions (i.e., Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical, SOP-C, and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Strivings, SOP-S) and the components of aggressive behavior (cognitive, emotional and motor) in a sample of 804 (48.3% females) Spanish students between the ages of 8 and 11 (M = 9.57; DE = 1.12). The Spanish versions of the SOP-C and SOP-S subscales of the Child/Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire were used. Students with high SOP-C scored significantly higher (p < .001) than their peers with low SOP-C on all components of aggressive behavior. The magnitude of these differences (Cohen's d index) ranged from .40 to .59. In contrast, non-significant statistical differences were found between students with high and low SOP-S. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that SOP-C significantly and positively predicted high Hostility, Anger and Physical and Verbal Aggression, whereas none of these components were significantly predicted by SOP-S (95% CI). Results are discussed, taking into account the debate on the conceptualization and nature of intrapersonal perfectionism
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Aggression/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Perfectionism , Self-Assessment , SpainABSTRACT
Background/Objectives: This paper aimed to validate the Spanish version of scores of the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised (VAA-R) in child population, and to verify the existence of anxiety profiles and to relate them to school refusal. Method: The sample was made up of 911 Spanish students between 8 and 12 years old (M = 9.61, SD = 1.23). The measures used were the VAA-R and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C). Results: Confirmatory factorial analysis supported the three-dimensional VAA-R structure: Anticipatory Anxiety (AA), School-based performance Anxiety (SA) and Generalized Anxiety (GA). The VAA-R has an adequate reliability and structural invariance across sex and age. No latent mean differences were found across sex, but did occur through age in AA and GA factors. Cluster analysis identified four child anxiety profiles: High Anxiety, High Anxiety School-type, Low Anxiety, and Moderate Anxiety, which differed significantly in all dimensions of school refusal. Conclusions: These findings may be useful for the assessment and treatment of anxious symptoms originated at school
Antecedentes/objetivos: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo validar la versión española de las puntuaciones de la Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised (VAA-R) en población infantil, y comprobar la existencia de perfiles de ansiedad y relacionarlos con el rechazo escolar. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 911 alumnos españoles entre 8 y 12 años (M = 9,61; DT = 1,23). Las medidas usadas fueron la VAA-R y la School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C). Resultados: El análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyó la estructura tridimensional de la VAA-R: Ansiedad Anticipatoria (AA), Ansiedad de ejecución en la Escuela (AE) y Ansiedad Generalizada (AG). La VAA-R posee una adecuada fiabilidad e invarianza estructural en función del sexo y de la edad. No se encontraron diferencias de medias latentes en función del sexo, pero sí a través de la edad en los factores AA y AG. Los análisis de conglomerados identificaron cuatro perfiles de ansiedad infantil: Alta Ansiedad, Alta Ansiedad de tipo Escolar, Baja Ansiedad y Moderada Ansiedad, que difirieron significativamente en todas las dimensiones de rechazo escolar. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos pueden resultar útiles para la evaluación y el tratamiento de síntomas ansiosos originados en la escuela
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/psychology , Students/psychology , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la ansiedad social y las autoatribuciones causales académicas en una muestra de 2022 (51.1% varones) adolescentes españoles de 12 a 16 años. La ansiedad social se evaluó utilizando el cuestionario Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) y para el análisis de las autoatribuciones académicas se administró el Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). Los resultados indican que los estudiantes con alta ansiedad social atribuyen sus fracasos en lectura y matemáticas más internamente (baja capacidad y bajo esfuerzo) y menos externamente que los alumnos sin alta ansiedad social. Además, los estudiantes con alta ansiedad social suelen atribuir sus éxitos en lectura menos externamente y sus éxitos en matemáticas menos internamente (capacidad) que los estudiantes sin alta ansiedad social. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos de la regresión logística señalan que la alta ansiedad social actúa como predictor positivo respecto a la realización de autoatribuciones causales de los fracasos a la baja capacidad y a la falta de esfuerzo y como predictor negativo de la realización de autoatribuciones de los éxitos a la capacidad y la suerte y de atribuciones de los fracasos a causas externas.
Abstract This paper sought to analyze the relationship between social anxiety and academic causal self-attributions in a sample of 2022 Spanish adolescents (51.1% male) aged 12 to 16. Social anxiety was assessed using the questionnaire Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI). In addition, the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) was administered in order to analyze academic self-attributions. The results indicate that students with high social anxiety attribute their failures in reading and math more internally (low capacity and low effort) and less externally than do students without high social anxiety. Also, students with high social anxiety often attribute their success in reading less externally and their success in math less internally (capacity) than do students without high social anxiety. Thus, the results of logistic regression indicate that high social anxiety acts as a positive predictor vis-à-vis causal self-attributions of failures to low capacity and lack of effort whereas high social anxiety acts as a negative predictor self-attributions of success to the ability and chance and attributions of failures to external causes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Anxiety , Students , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relacion entre la ansiedad social y las aptitudes intelectuales (comprension verbal, concepcion espacial, razonamiento, calculo numerico y fluidez verbal) en una muestra de 2.022 adolescentes espanoles (51,1% varones) de 12 a 16 anos. La ansiedad social se evaluo utilizando el "Inventario de ansiedad y fobia social" (SPAI) y las aptitudes intelectuales con el "Test de aptitudes mentales primarias" (PMA). Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes con altas puntuaciones en ansiedad social presentan puntuaciones mas bajas en las aptitudes de comprension verbal, concepción espacial y fluidez verbal que sus companeros con baja ansiedad social. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos de la regresion logistica senalaron que, por una parte, la ansiedad social es un predictor negativo de dichas competencias y, por otra parte, que los estudiantes tienen menos probabilidad de presentar alta ansiedad social a medida que aumenta su puntuacion en las subescalas de fluidez verbal y concepcion espacial. Se discute la relevancia teorico-practica de la relacion entre la ansiedad social y la inteligencia en la adolescencia
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between social anxiety and intellectual abilities (verbal comprehension, spatial visualization, reasoning, numerical calculation and word fluency) in a sample of 2,022 Spanish adolescents (51.1% male) from 12 to 16 years. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) and the Primary Mental Abilities Test (PMA) was administered for the analysis of intellectual abilities. Results showed that students with high scores on social anxiety have lower scores on verbal comprehension, spatial visualization and word fluency than their peers with low social anxiety. Also, results obtained by logistic regression analysis showed that, on the one hand, social anxiety is a negative predictor of these abilities and, on the other hand, students are less likely to have high social anxiety as the subscale scores of Word Fluency and Spatial Visualization increase. The relevance of the theoretical and practical implications of the relationship between social anxiety and intelligence in adolescence is discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Phobia, Social/psychology , Intelligence , Achievement , Comprehension , Aptitude , Cognition , Educational Measurement , Education, Primary and Secondary , Learning Disabilities/psychology , UnderachievementABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociometric types, behavioral categories, and academic self-concept in a sample of 1,349 (51.7% boys) Spanish adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. Method: the students sociometric nomination was performed using the Programa Socio (Partner Program), and academic self-concept was measured with the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ-II; Marsh, 1992). Results: results show that academic self-concept was a significant predictor of sociometric types and behavioral categories, as students with high scores on academic self-concept were more likely to be positively rated by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) than students with low scores on student academic self-concept. Conclusions: these results reinforce the emphasis on academic self-concept research and its relevance to educational practice (AU)
Antecedentes: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre tipos sociométricos, categorías conductuales y autoconcepto académico (Matemático, Verbal y General) en una muestra de 1.349 (51,7% varones) adolescentes españoles de 12 a 16 años. Método: la identificación sociométrica de los estudiantes se realizó mediante el Programa Socio y para el análisis del autoconcepto académico se administró el Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ-II; Marsh, 1992). Resultados: los resultados muestran que el autoconcepto académico resultó una variable predictora significativa de los tipos sociométricos y categorías conductuales, puesto que los estudiantes con altas puntuaciones en las dimensiones del auto-concepto académico presentaron mayor probabilidad de ser nominados positivamente por sus compañeros (populares, líderes, colaboradores y buenos estudiantes) que los estudiantes con bajas puntuaciones en autoconcepto académico. Conclusiones: estos resultados confirman la importancia concedida al autoconcepto académico en la investigación y su relevancia en la práctica educativa (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Self Concept , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Underachievement , Sociometric Techniques , Applied Research , Education, Primary and Secondary , Students/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychologyABSTRACT
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar la prevalencia del ciberbullying entre los participantes del es tudio, así como conocer el impacto psicológico tanto en cibervíctimas como en ciberagresores, analizando además las diferencias de género de dicho impacto. La muestra estuvo constituida por 639 estudiantes de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, seccional Bucaramanga, con una media de edad de 17,6 años (chicos N = 303, chicas N = 334). Para ello se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos: (a) Escala de ciberagresiones; (b) Escala de cibervictimización; y (c) Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45). Los resultados evidencian que un 27,5% de la muestra ha sido agredida en alguna ocasión, así como que 26,7% ha sido acosador durante el último año. Por otro lado, los resultados demostraron que existe un impacto psicológico (escalas del SA-45) tanto en las cibervíctimas, como en los ciberagresores. Respecto a las diferencias de género en ciberbullying se evidenciaron solo en algunas escalas (primordialmente depresión, ansiedad, sensibilidad interpersonal y somatización), aunque no fueron significativas entre los síntomas psicológicos reportados en este estudio (salvo en las escalas relacionadas con Somatización y Ansiedad fóbica)
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among study participants and examine the psychological impact on both cyber victims and cyber attackers, also analyzing gender differences in the impact. The sample consisted of 639 students from the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Bucaramanga branch, with an average age of 17.66 years (N = 303 boys, girls N = 334). For developing this analysis, the following instruments were used: (a) Scale cyber aggressions; (B) Scale cyber victimization; and (c) Symptom Assessment Questionnaire-45 (SA-45). The results show that 27.5% of the sample has been attacked on occasion, and that the stalker was 26.7% over the past year. On the other hand, the results showed that there is a psychological impact (SA45 scales) in both cyber victims and cyber aggressors. Gender differences in cyberbullying were evident only at some scales (primarily depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity and somatization), although they were not significant among the psychological symptoms reported in this study (except for scales related to Somatization and Phobic Anxiety).
Subject(s)
Humans , Bullying , Information Technology/ethics , Psychology, Adolescent , Students/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study of coping strategies in children guarantees quality of life from childhood onwards. The present paper aims to determine the prevalence of coping strategies for three everyday problems in children, while examining sociodemographic variables, context variables, and teacher assessment. METHOD: The sample is composed of 7,058 school children aged between 8 and 13 years old. RESULTS: Results show a higher prevalence of the Active Solution strategy at home and in school contexts compared with the health area, where the Active Solutionis the least prevalent strategy, and Concealing the Problem the most widely used, followed by Passivity. Other highly prevalent strategies in the school context include Search for Information, Emotion, and Social Support. In general, regardless of the context, Behavioural Avoidance and Passivity are the least prevalent strategies, whereas Active Solution is the most prevalent one, followed by Emotion. The last two-Active Solution and Emotion - are part of two main coping styles suggested in a number of studies on which these results are based, which will be compared and discussed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The present study allows us to extract relevant epidemiological information on strategies used to cope with everyday problems related to health, family, and school, in a sample of socially well-adapted and psychologically healthy Spanish school children. The data obtained can be useful in an increasing number of situations and contexts, both for diagnostic purposes and for psycho-educational orientation and intervention
ANTECEDENTES: el estudio de las estrategias de afrontamiento en niños es un tema que supone garantía de calidad de vida desde la infancia. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la prevalencia de estrategias de afrontamiento en tres problemas cotidianos infantiles y estudiando también variables sociodemográficas, de contexto y evaluación del profesor. MÉTODO: la muestra está formada por 7.058 escolares con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 13 años. RESULTADOS: entre los resultados se encuentra una mayor prevalencia de la estrategia Solución activa en el ámbito escolar y familiar en comparación con el ámbito de la salud, donde la estrategia Solución activa es la de menor prevalencia, siendo la más utilizada en salud la Ocultación del problema seguida por Pasividad. Otras estrategias de mayor prevalencia en el ámbito escolar son Búsqueda de información, Emoción y Apoyo social. En general, sin diferenciar por ámbitos, las estrategias Evitación conductual y Pasividad son las menos prevalentes, mientras que la estrategia más prevalente es Solución activa, seguida de la estrategia de Emoción. Estas estrategias, Solución activa y Emoción, forman parte de los dos principales estilos de afrontamiento propuestos en otros estudios con los que se comparan y discuten los resultados. CONCLUSIONES: el presente estudio permite obtener información epidemiológica relevante sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas ante problemas cotidianos relacionados con la salud, la familia y la escuela por una muestra de escolares españoles adaptada socialmente y de buena salud psicológica. Estos datos son útiles en un número cada vez más amplio de situaciones y contextos tanto para el diagnóstico como para la orientación e intervención psicoeducativa
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adaptation, Psychological/physiology , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Social Adjustment , Students/psychology , Social SupportABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión breve del Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II-S) en población chilena. La muestra se compuso de 1255 adolescentes chilenos, con un rango de edad de 13 a 17 años (M=15.10; DT=1.30). El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la estructura original de 11 factores correlacionados del SDQ-II-S. La multidimensionalidad del cuestionario también fue avalada por la pequeña magnitud de las correlaciones entre los 11 factores (M = 0.26). Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach variaron desde 0.70 hasta 0.84, y se destacó una adecuada fiabilidad. Para profundizar en el análisis de la validez de constructo del SDQ-II-S, se relacionaron las puntuaciones de las diferentes escalas con puntuaciones en medidas de ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo) y autoeficacia (Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas). Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que estos cuestionarios permiten analizar constructos diferenciados aunque relacionados. Los datos de este trabajo destacan que el SDQ-II-S presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en población chilena, contrarrestando las carencias existentes en lo que respecta a la evaluación del autoconcepto, y resaltan interesantes aplicaciones tanto en el ámbito aplicado como en el de la investigación.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Anxiety , Self Concept , Weights and Measures , AdolescentABSTRACT
Adolescents with social anxiety can manifest great interference in their relationship with classmates and other peers, as well as in their school performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociometric nominations and assessment of students with high social anxiety by their peers and teachers, and to determine whether these assessments differ significantly between evaluators (peers vs. teachers), in a sample of 2022 (51.1% male) Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Sociometric identification and assessment of various educational aspects of the students was performed through the Socio program and Teacher assessment scales, respectively. Results show that students with high social anxiety were nominated by peers as popular, rejected and neglected with the same frequency and proportionately less nominated as leaders, friendly, cooperative, and quarrelsome students than those without high social anxiety (d < .25). Teachers assessed the sociometric status of a student with low social anxiety in the same way as that of students with high social anxiety, although they considered the latter as less impulsive, less conflictive, less passive and more compliant with rules (d > .97). Finally, peers significantly nominated students with high social anxiety more as leaders, cooperative, quarrelsome, obedient and good students than their teachers (d < .42). In conclusion, this study shows that adolescents with high social anxiety are valued and nominated by their peers and teachers differently (AU)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/psychology , Students/psychology , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Psychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Interpersonal Relations , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, Social/methods , SpainABSTRACT
Resumen La ansiedad y el autoconcepto constituyen variables personales de gran influencia en el aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias en ansiedad escolar en función de las puntuaciones obtenidas para las 11 dimensiones del autoconcepto. Participaron 1,414 estudiantes chilenos de educación media (695 hombres y 719 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años (M = 15.31, DE = 1.45). El Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar (IAES) y el Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short Form (SDQII-S) fueron administrados para evaluar la ansiedad escolar y el autoconcepto, respectivamente. Los resultados revelaron que los adolescentes con bajas puntuaciones en autoconcepto presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en ansiedad escolar que sus iguales con altas puntuaciones en autoconcepto. Este patrón de resultados fue similar para todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto a excepción de 2, el autoconcepto académico verbal y la escala de sinceridad-veracidad, para las que no se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Abstract Anxiety and self-concept are personal variables with a big influence on learning and academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in school anxiety depending on the scores of the eleven dimensions of self-concept. 1,414 Chilean students of middle education participated, 695 men and 719 women aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.31, SD = 1.45). School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short Form (SDQII-S) were administered to assess the school anxiety and the self-concept, respectively. The results revealed that adolescents with low scores on self-concept had significantly higher scores in school anxiety than their peers with high scores on self-concept. This pattern of results was similar in all dimensions of self-concept with the exception of two, the verbal academic self-concept and the truthfulness-sincerity scale, which statistically significant differences were not obtained.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigacion fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del "Cuestionario de agresividad" (Aggression Questionnaire, AQ), en las versiones de 29, 20 y 12 items, en una muestra de 898 estudiantes chilenos de 14 a 17 anos. El analisis factorial confirmatorio identifico que la version de 12 items fue la que mostro un ajuste mas adecuado al modelo de cuatro factores propuesto por los autores de la escala. Los indices de consistencia interna de los cuatro factores fueron aceptables, oscilando entre 0,67-0,78. La validez de la escala fue analizada mediante correlaciones con el "Inventario de expresion de ira estado-rasgo en ninos y adolescentes" (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents, STAXI-NA). Los resultados revelaron correlaciones positivas y estadisticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones del AQ de 12 items y las dimensiones de rasgo y estado del STAXI-NA, oscilando entre 0,20 (Hostilidad-Ira/estado) y 0,57 (Puntuacion total AQ-Ira/rasgo). Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que la version abreviada del AQ presenta adecuadas pruebas de fiabilidad y validez para evaluar conductas agresivas en adolescentes chilenos
The objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), in its 29, 20 and 12-item versions, in a sample of 898 Chilean students from 14 to 17 years of age. The confirmatory factor analysis identified that the 12-item version was the one showing a more suitable fit to the four-factor model proposed by the authors of the scale. The internal consistency of the four dimensions was acceptable, ranging between .67 and .78. The results also revealed positive and statistically significant correlations between scores of AQ-12-item version and trait and state dimensions of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents (STAXI-NA), ranging from .20 (Hostility-State anger) to .57 (AQ total score-Trait anger). These results indicate that the AQ-12-item version is an instrument that shows reliability and convergent validity for evaluating aggressive behaviors in Chilean adolescents
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Violence/prevention & control , Violence/psychology , Violence/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires/classification , Surveys and Questionnaires , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Adolescent/physiology , Criminal Behavior/physiology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Validation Studies as Topic , ChileABSTRACT
Academic goals and academic self-attributions are relevant variables in school settings. The objective of this study is to identify whether there are combinations of multiple goals that lead to different motivational profiles and to determine whether there are significant differences between the groups obtained regarding causal attributions of success and failure (ability, effort, or external causes) in Mathematics and Language and Literature, and in overall academic performance. The Goal Achievement Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) and the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) were administered to a sample of 2022 students of compulsory secondary education, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years (M = 13.81, SD = 1.35). Cluster analysis identified four motivational profiles: a group of students with a high generalized motivation profile, a group of students with low generalized motivation profile, a group of students with predominance of learning goals and achievement goals, and a final group of students with predominance of social reinforcement goals. Results revealed statistically significant differences between the profiles obtained in academic self-attributions
Perfiles motivacionales en estudiantes españoles de Ecuación Secundaria Obligatoria: Análisis diferencial en autoatribuciones académicas. Resumen: Las metas académicas y las autoatribuciones académicas que realizan los estudiantes son variables relevantes en el contexto escolar. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar si existen combinaciones de múltiples metas que dan lugar a diferentes perfiles motivacionales, así como comprobar si existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos obtenidos respecto de las autoatribuciones de éxito y fracaso (capacidad, esfuerzo o causas externas) en la asignatura de matemáticas, lengua y literatura y con respecto al rendimiento académico general. El Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) y la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) fueron administrados a una muestra de 2022 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de 12 a 16 años (M = 13.81; DT = 1.35). El análisis de conglomerados ha identificado cuatro perfiles motivacionales: un grupo de alumnos con un perfil de alta motivación generalizada, un grupo de estudiantes con un perfil de baja motivación generalizada, un grupo de alumnos con un predominio de metas de aprendizaje y metas de logro y un último grupo de estudiantes con predominio de metas de reforzamiento social. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los perfiles obtenidos con respecto a las autoatribuciones académicas
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Motivation , Educational Measurement , Education, Primary and Secondary , Goals , Self Report , Cluster Sampling , Achievement , Psychometrics/instrumentationABSTRACT
Este trabajo tuvo dos objetivos, por una parte, identificar diferentes perfiles de inteligencia emocional (IE) y, por otra parte, comprobar si entre los perfiles identificados existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a la conducta social. Participaron 1.071 adolescentes españoles (50,2% chicas) españoles con edades de 14 a 17 años, a los que se les administró la "Escala de inteligencia emocional percibida" (Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, TMMS-24) y la "Batería de socialización BAS-3". El análisis de conglomerados identificó cuatro perfiles de IE: un grupo de adolescentes con un perfil de baja IE, un grupo con puntuaciones altas en percepción, un grupo con predominio de elevada regulación emocional y un último grupo de adolescentes con alta IE. Los resultados también indicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los perfiles en los patrones de comportamiento social, destacando los estudiantes de los grupos con alta IE generalizada y alta puntuación en regulación emocional, los cuales muestran mayores puntuaciones en conductas sociales positivas. Los descubrimientos se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones prácticas con adolescentes españoles
This work had two objectives. First, to identify different profiles of emotional intelligence (EI), and second, to verify the existence of significant statistical differences between the profiles identified in relation to social behavior. The participants were 1071 Spanish adolescents (50.2% girls), ranging in age from 14 to 17 years, who completed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the Socialization Battery BAS-3. Cluster analysis identified four EI profiles: a group of adolescents with a low EI profile, a group with high scores in perception, a group with predominantly high emotional regulation, and a group of adolescents with high EI. The results also indicated statistically significant differences in the profiles in most of social behaviors. The students from the groups with high general EI scores and high scores in emotional regulation also show higher scores in several positive social behaviors. Findings are discussed in terms of their practical implications for Spanish adolescents
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Emotional Intelligence , Social Behavior , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Interpersonal Relations , Psychometrics , Analysis of Variance , Cluster Sampling , Shyness , Leadership , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory's administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV). METHOD: This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (SAI-SV) using a sample of 2,367 (47.91% boys) Spanish secondary school students, ranging from 12 to 18 years of age. To analyze the dimensional structure of the SAI-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for SAI-SV scores. RESULTS: A correlated three-factor structure related to school situations (Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Failure) and a three-factor structure related to the response systems of anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety) were identified and supported. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined to be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of SAI-SV scores was satisfactory
ANTECEDENTES: el School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) puede ser aplicado en diferentes ámbitos de la Psicología aunque, debido su tiempo de administración, puede que no resulte útil en ciertas ocasiones. Para solucionar este problema, el presente estudio desarrolló una versión breve del SAI (el SAI-SV). MÉTODO: este estudio examinó la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez extraída de las puntuaciones del Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar-Breve (SAI-SV) utilizando una muestra de 2.367 (47,91% varones) estudiantes españoles de Secundaria, entre 12 y 18 años. Con el fin de analizar la estructura dimensional del SAI-SV se aplicaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. La consistencia interna (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach) y la fiabilidad test-retest se calcularon para las puntuaciones de la SAI-SV. RESULTADOS: una estructura de tres factores correlacionados en relación con las situaciones escolares (Ansiedad sobre Agresividad, Ansiedad sobre la Evaluación Social y Ansiedad sobre el Fracaso Escolar) y una estructura de tres factores relativos a los sistemas de respuesta de ansiedad (Ansiedad Fisiológica, Ansiedad Cognitiva y Ansiedad Conductual) fueron identificados y apoyados. La consistencia interna y la fiabilidad test-retest fueron apropiadas. CONCLUSIONES: la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez basada en la estructura interna de las puntuaciones del SAI-SV fue satisfactoria
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Censuses/methods , Censuses/statistics & numerical data , Students/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Psychology, Social/methods , Psychology, Social/statistics & numerical data , Phobic Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze reliability and validity evidence of scores on the Colombian version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) in a sample of 1,628 adolescents (65.7% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the correlated five-factor structure of the QIDA: Assertiveness, Heterosexual Relationships, Public Speaking, Family Relationships, and Close Friendships. Internal consistency for the QIDA and subscales scores was excellent. Girls reported higher level of perceived anxiety in heterosexual relationships, whereas boys showed more anxiety in close friendships and decreased interpersonal anxiety during adolescence. Results support the reliability and validity of the scores on the Colombian version of the QIDA.
Este objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión colombiana del Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales para Adolescentes (QIDA) en una muestra de 1.628 adolescentes (65.7% chicos) de 12 a 18 años. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios replicaron la estructura factorial de cinco factores relacionados: Asertividad, Relaciones Heterosexuales, Hablar en Público, Relaciones Familiares y Amigos Íntimos. La consistencia interna del QIDA y sus sub-escalas fue excelente. Las chicas informaron mayores niveles de ansiedad percibida en relaciones heterosexuales, mientras los chicos mostraron más ansiedad en relaciones con amigos íntimos. La ansiedad interpersonal disminuyó durante la adolescencia. Los resultados apoyan la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión colombiana del QIDA.
Subject(s)
Social Behavior , Adolescent , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el perfil de adolescentes agresivos con distinto estatus sociométrico en el aula, populares o rechazados, con adolescentes de estatus sociométrico promedio y sin problemas de conducta documentados. Se compararon características a nivel intra-individual, familiar, escolar y social. Una muestra de 457 adolescentes de entre 11 y 18 años (48% chicas) participaron en el estudio. Las diferencias entre los grupos se examinaron a través de una serie de análisis multivariados de varianza y de función discriminante. Los resultados indicaron que aunque los adolescentes populares agresivos mostraron un mejor desempeño académico e integración social en la clase, sus niveles de ajuste emocional y familiar fueron tan negativos como los de los estudiantes rechazados agresivos. Ambos grupos informaron de actitudes negativas hacia la autoridad institucional de los profesores, así como el compromiso con una imagen social entre los iguales fundamentada en la reputación de rebeldía y no conformismo. Se discuten la implicación de los resultados y sugerencias para investigaciones futuras
The purpose of the present study was to compare the profiles of aggressive adolescents who differed in social status in the classroom, popular vs. rejected, with those of adolescents of average sociometric status without documented behavior problems. The characteristics compared related to intra-individual, family, school, and social domains. A sample of 457 adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years old (48% girls), participated in the study. Differences between groups were examined via a series of multivariate analyses of variance and discriminant function analyses. Results indicated that although aggressive popular adolescents revealed more academic involvement and social integration in the classroom, their levels of emotional and family adjustment were as adverse as those of aggressive rejected students. Both groups held negative attitudes towards the institutional authority of teachers together with commitment to a social image based on a rebellious and nonconformist reputation among peers. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Bullying/psychology , Violence/psychology , Sociometric Techniques , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Attitude , Adaptation, Psychological , Risk Factors , Risk Adjustment/methods , Set, PsychologyABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue doble. En primer lugar se describen los cuestionarios, inventarios y escalas de ansiedad escolar elaborados y validados para población infantil y adolescente: Cuestionario de Ansiedad Escolar, Inventario de Miedos Escolares, Catálogo de Situaciones Escolares, Escala Visual Análoga para la Ansiedad-Revisada, Escala Magallanes de Problemas de Ansiedad e Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar. En segundo lugar se analiza la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y la validez (estructura factorial, relación con otros cuestionarios, relación con otros procedimientos de evaluación y diferenciación entre grupos) de la puntuación de estos instrumentos, con el fin de conocer sus propiedades psicométricas y poder tomar decisiones sobre su uso en la práctica clínica o educativa sobre la base de criterios empíricos. Los resultados permiten concluir que actualmente existen autoinformes que presentan garantías psicomé- tricas satisfactorias para llevar a cabo una interpretación fiable y válida de sus puntuaciones, siendo por tanto útiles en la práctica clínica y educativa (AU)
The aim of this study was twofold. First, it describes school anxiety questionnaires, inventories, and scales developed and validated for children and adolescents, including School Anxiety Questionnaire, Inventory of School Fears, School Situations Survey, Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised, Magallanes Scale Problem of Anxiety, and Anxiety School Inventory. Second, we analyze the reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and validity (factorial structure, relationship with other questionnaires, relationship with other assessment procedures and discrimination between groups) of scores from these instruments, in order to know their psychometric properties and to take decisions about their usability in clinical or education practice based on empirical criteria. Results suggest that, at present, there are self-reports with satisfactory psychometric properties to enable reliable and valid interpretation of scores, thereby being useful both in clinical and educational practice (AU)