Investigations of the antipyretic effect and safety of Prasachandaeng, a traditional remedy from Thailand national list of essential medicines.

Prasachandaeng (PSD) remedy from the Thailand National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) has been used as an antipyretic for chronic fever in both adults and children for centuries. Its therapeutic effect in treating fever and its safety have not been studied in animal models. We evaluated its antipyretic activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and safety in the liver in comparison with acetaminophen (ACP). Correlation between biochemistry of liver function and the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) was also evaluated using an ELISA kit. All doses of PSD powder (PSDP) and a 95% ethanol extract of PSD (PSDE) (50, 200, and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant antipyretic effect (* p < 0.05) as compared to ACP. We investigated clinical biochemistry of liver and kidney functions, histopathology, and concentrations of CYP2E1. All treatment groups demonstrated a normal range of clinical biochemistry of liver and kidney functions in comparison with ACP on days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Serum AST, ALP, and LDH levels of PSDE and PSDP showed mean values less than that of ACP on the corresponding days (* p < 0.05). None of the treatment groups showed evidence of hepatocellular damage, nor did they affect CYPE21. The results of histopathology on liver tissue correlated with the biochemistry of liver functions which indicated no hepatotoxicity effect in liver tissue during the seven day treatment. These findings suggest that both forms of PSD remedy possessed marked antipyretic activity and were not hepatotoxic during the seven days of administration in rats.

Ligand-competent fractalkine receptor is expressed on exosomes.

Expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is reportedly restricted to several cell types including natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, monocytes, and macrophages. However, its expression and function on exosomes, which are nanosized extracellular vesicles known to act as mediators of intercellular communications, remain unclear. Here, we investigated CX3CR1 expression on exosomes isolated from various cell types. Although we found that all the exosomes tested in our study highly expressed CX3CR1, this chemokine receptor was expressed only inside, but barely on, their source cells. Moreover, exosomal CX3CR1 was capable of binding soluble CX3CL1. Therefore, our study suggests that CX3CR1 is a novel and ligand-competent exosome receptor.

In vitro cytotoxic activity of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy and its herbal ingredients on ovarian and cervical carcinoma cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod is a Thai traditional medicine remedy for postpartum in the lists of The National Drug List ofHerbal Medicine Products AD. It consists ofseventeen herbs and were obtained by maceration and used in the form of liquor for women's health care such as treatment ofamenorrhea, menopause and blood tonic. In addition, it also usedfor postpartum care for being anti-inflammation in postpartum and prevention of cancer in women. OBJECTIVE: To investigate cytotoxic activity ofSa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy extracts and its herbal ingredients against human ovarian carcinoma cell line (SKOV-3) and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy and its plant ingredients were extracted by maceration in 95% ethanol and dried using evaporator. All extracts were testedfor cytotoxic activity by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. RESULTS: Ethanolic extract ofSa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy displayed cytotoxic activity against SKOV-3 and HeLa with IC50 values of 72.84±1.07 and 47.24±2.83 µg/ml, respectively. It was classified as "less-active" according to the NCI guideline. However, Caesalpinia sappan, Mammea siamensis and Curcuma comosa showed high cytotoxic activity against SKOV-3 with IC50 values of 9.55±1.38 13.45±0.82 and 14.21±1.30 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanolic extracts ofCaesalpiniasappan and Mammea siamensis also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa with IC50 values of 6.30±0.06 and 7.72±0.11 µg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results support the use of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy in Thai traditional medicine for preventing of ovarian cancer and cervical cancer Caesalpinia sappan, Curcuma comosa and Mammea siamensis were strikingly active against ovarian and cervical cancer cells. Their extracts have the potential for developing as new anti-cancer drugs for women health.