Adiponectin and leptin profiles among obese pregnant women with preeclampsia vs. non-preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia (PE) affects only about 10% of women who meet the criteria for obesity based on their body mass index (BMI). Obesity is suggested to play a role in preeclampsia pathophysiology, and in addition to BMI, associated biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity, such as with adipokines from adipose tissue, are needed to enable clinical risk assessment. This study aimed to investigate obese pregnant women with and without PE by comparing clinical profiles and adipokine profiles specific to general adipose tissue (adiponectin and leptin). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023478706). We utilized Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases. The Cochrane ROBINS-I instrument was employed to assess the quality of studies. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and p-value were analyzed using a random-effects model with the DerSimonian-Laird method, while subgroup analysis with the Chi-square test and the inconsistency index (I2) were used to assess potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Three observational studies included a total of 2,646 obese pregnant women and found that adiponectin was more likely to have a lower level in pregnant women with obesity [SMD=-0.32; 95% CI: -0.34-0.17, p=0.003] and leptin was more likely to be higher in obese pregnant women with PE rather than non-PE [SMD=0.53; 95% CI: -0.19-1.08, p<0.00001]. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin levels were more likely to be lower in pregnant women with obesity in the PE group than in the non-PE group, and leptin levels were more likely to be higher.

First trimester maternal vitamin D, ferritin, hemoglobin level and their associations with neonatal birthweight: Result from cohort study on vitamin D status and its impact during pregnancy and childhood in Indonesia.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency and anemia are examples of nutritional problems of global health significance. When these health issues effect pregnant women, they may become a threat to the fetus' potention for intrauterine growth. It has been known that the first trimester is the golden period of fetal programming which influences the fetuses and their life after birth. This study was aiming to analyze the association between first trimester maternal vitamin D, serum ferritin, hemoglobin level and neonatal birth weight. METHODS: From July 2016 a prospective cohort of pregnant women had been observed in four cities in West Java, Indonesia. Two hundred ninety four pregnant women were recuited in the first trimester and 203 of them had complete follow up until delivery. Collected data included maternal demography, blood analysis for ferritin, 25(OH) vitamin D in the first trimester of pregnancy and the birth weight of neonates. Associations were analyzed with multiple regression models. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among pregnant women in this study (approximately 75%) while anemia was found in 7.5 %, a little above the target of 5 %. However, no significant association was found between maternal serum vitamin D, serum ferritin, hemoglobin level in the first trimester and birth weight of the neonates, before and after adjustment for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and parity. CONCLUSION: There were no associations found between vitamin D, ferritin, and hemoglobin level in the first trimester and neonatal birth weight. The negative results in this study should not diminish the benefit of nutritional supplementation during pregnancy. The possibility of other explanatory variables that influence these associations warrants further studies.