ABSTRACT
Post-synthesis modification of polymers streamlines the synthesis of functionalized polymers, but is often incomplete due to the negative polymer effects. Developing efficient polymer reactions in artificial systems thus represents a long-standing objective in the fields of polymer and material science. Here, we show unprecedented macrocycle-metal-complex-catalyzed systems for efficient polymer reaction that result in 100 % transformation of the main chain functional groups presumably via a processive mode reaction. The complete polymer reactions were confirmed in not only intramolecular reaction (hydroamination) but also intermolecular reaction (hydrosilylation) by using Pd- and Pt-macrocycle-catalyzed systems. The most fascinating feature of the both reactions is that higher-molecular-weight polymers reach completion faster. Various studies suggested that the reactions occur in the catalyst cavity via the formation of a supramolecular complex between the macrocycle catalyst and polymer substrate like pseudorotaxane, which should be of characteristic of the efficient polymer reactions progressing in a processive mode.
ABSTRACT
The tumor resection ratio must be improved due the increased possibility of recurrence or malignancy. The purpose of this study was to develop a system that includes forceps with a continuous suction function and flow cytometry to diagnose the malignancy of the tumor for safe, accurate, and effective surgery. A newly developed continuous tumor resection forceps consists of a triple pipe structure, which enables continuous suction of the tumor by integrating the reflux water and suction system. The forceps includes tip opening/closure detection switch to control the adsorption and suction strength when tip is opened and closed. To perform accurate tumor diagnosis using flow cytometry, a filtering mechanism was developed for dehydrating reflux water from continuous suction forceps. In addition, a cell isolation mechanism comprising a roller pump and shear force loading mechanism was also newly developed. By using a triple pipe structure, a significantly larger tumor collection ratio was observed compared to the previous double-pipe structure. By performing suction pressure control with the opening/closure detection switch, inaccurate suction can be prevented. By widening the filter area of dehydration mechanism, it was possible to improve the reflux water dehydration ratio. The most appropriate filter area was 85 mm2. By using a newly developed cell isolation mechanism, the processing time can be reduced to less than 1/10 of the original time, keeping the same cell isolation ratio, when compared to the existing pipetting method. Neurosurgery assistance system with continuous tumor resection forceps and a cell separation, dehydration and isolation mechanism was developed. An effective and safe tumor resection, accurate and fast diagnosis of malignancy can be achieved by using the current system.
