Effect of active and passive techniques used in thromboembolic prophylaxis on venous flow velocity in the post-procedure period.

Introduction: Studies have shown that using mechanical thromboembolic prophylaxis methods speeds up venous flow and decreases stasis. These studies examine the post-intervention period of 1-10 min. The length of the effect of procedures to raise venous flow velocity cannot be determined by clinical trials. To apply mathematical techniques to estimate how long mechanical thromboembolism prophylaxis procedures will increase venous flow rate. Methods: In the survey, we examined 25 persons (poststroke patients), with an average age of 57.2 ± 6.3 years. Regarding the proportion of genders, 13 (52%) participants were male and 12 (48%) female. The peak venous blood flow velocity was measured with a HADECO BIDOP ES-100V II type Doppler ultrasound device, using an 8 MHz head, in the femoral vein, at the level of the hip joint. We estimated the change of the venous blood flow velocity from the available sampled data using the method of least squares. For the calculations, we used Microsoft Excel, version Mac Excel 2019. Results: The decrease in peak venous flow velocity can be approximated by a logarithm function. Mathematical calculations show that after active thromboembolic prophylaxis interventions, resting venous flow velocity is restored at 26.8 min on the intact limb and 85.1 min on the hemiparetic side. Resting flow velocity is restored in 131.9 min after passive mobilization of the hemiparetic side and in 137.7 min after the consensual effect. Discussion: An elementary mathematical function can be used to estimate the time to recovery of peak venous flow velocity to resting state from measurements taken 15 min after the intervention. Active and passive mechanical thromboembolic prophylaxis after the intervention has a longer-term effect on venous flow velocity.

Adaption and validation of simplified Chinese version of the Low Back Pain Knowledge questionnaire (sC-LKQ).

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) knowledge questionnaire (LKQ) was developed by a Brazilian research group in 2009. It has been cross-culturally adapted to many languages with good reliability and validity. This work aimed to translate and validate the LKQ into a simplified Chinese version and to evaluate the self-efficacy in LBP among Chinese participants from China and Hungary. Methods: A total of 431 people participated in this research, which lasted from September 2021 to June 2022 and was conducted on the Credamo online platform. The simplified Chinese LKQ (sC-LKQ) was generated through translation and cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The participants were selected to fill out demographic questions, the sC-LKQ, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The reliability and validity of the data were evaluated using SPSS 28.0. Results: The sC-LKQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha was 0.79), and the intraclass correlation value was 0.85. There were five components in the questionnaire with good construct validity. The scores of RMDQ had negatively correlated with sC-LKQ. Conclusion: In the Chinese population, the sC-LKQ demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and could be used to evaluate self-efficacy in clinical practice and research.

[Hungarian adaptation and validation of the Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ)]. / Egy csontritkulás-specifikus kérdoív magyar nyelvu adaptációja és validálása.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis affects one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50. We do not have an osteoporosis-related knowledge questionnaire over the age of 50, which is considered strong evidence in the prevention and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to validate the Hungarian form of the Osteoporosis Questionnaire in Hungarian-speaking women over the age of 50. METHOD: The questionnaire was validated into Hungarian according to Beaton's six-step method. Our sample consisted of 326 women. During our statistical analysis, we calculated descriptive statistics, difference tests, Cronbach's alpha value, and Spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest and for external validity. Quality of life and physical activity were examined to support the external validity. RESULTS: Our sample (63.08 ± 9.36 years) scored 8.76 ± 6.94 points on the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89. For the test-retest, Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a value of p≥0.25 for all the questions. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and age (R = 0.37; p<0.001) and years of using hormone replacement therapy (R = 0.34; p = 0.02). The correlation analysis showed significant (p<0.001) correlation between knowledge and all sub-dimensions of quality of life. Significant correlation was found between transport movement (p<0.001; R = 0.21), intensive (p<0.001; R = 0.354), moderate recreational activity (p<0.001; R = 0.348), total moderate (p = 0.041; R = 0.125) total intense movements (p = 0.018; R = 0.145) and knowledge. DISCUSSION: The Hungarian questionnaire was validated in accordance with international practice. CONCLUSION: The Hungarian version of the Osteoporosis Questionnaire is a reliable, adaptable questionnaire for measuring the osteoporosis-related knowledge of the Hungarian female population over 50. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(51): 29-37.

A bibliometric analysis of self-efficacy in low back pain from 1980 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is one of the important factors affecting chronic diseases. In the current epidemiological context of low back pain (LBP), LBP self-efficacy has become a topic of great practical interest for researchers. However, no bibliometric analysis related to LBP self-efficacy has been performed to date. The purpose of this study was to conduct and explore the current state of research in LBP self-efficacy from 1980 to 2021, by using bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping. METHODS: Raw data were selected from the Web of Science (WOS) database, relevant literature on LBP self-efficacy was retrieved, and data were de-duplicated and cleaned. Excel was used for data processing. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used for bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping in publications and country, institution, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: There were 822 references included. For this period, the total publication numbers were increased. A total of 103 regions had researchers in this area; the United States was the country with the largest volume of research. There were 94 disciplines, mainly in neuroscience. More research is likely to burst and develop quickly in general and internal medicine in the future. Spine was the most recognized journal. Cognitive-behavioral manifestations and older adults with LBP might be the frontiers and trends. CONCLUSION: The volume of literature on LBP self-efficacy has increased linearly over the past 41 years and will continue to increase. The field of study has become more refined. This bibliometric analysis provides valuable support for future directions and research trends in LBP self-efficacy.

Disease-Specific Knowledge, Physical Activity, and Physical Functioning Examination among Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.

Physical activity, physical functioning, and pain are some of the most critical factors of low back pain (LBP) treatment and prevention, but it was unknown that the back school program (BSP) influences the physical activity level of the patients with LBP. Data from 306 healthy patients and patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (cnsLBP) were used. We used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ), the visual analog scale, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The amount of sedentary time in cnsLBP patients enrolled in the BSP was significantly lower compared to the other two groups (p < 0.001). Significantly higher moderate-intensity activities, leisure time activities, and active transportation were observed in the cnsLBP patients enrolled in the BSP than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). RMDQ scores and the pain intensity of the cnsLBP patients enrolled in the BSP were significantly lower than in patients with LBP receiving only exercise therapy (p < 0.001). The physical activity level and low-back-pain-specific knowledge was significantly higher, while back-related disability and pain intensity were significantly lower among patients with low back pain syndrome who participated in a back school program.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the rapid assessment of physical activity questionnaire (RAPA) in Hungarian elderly over 50 years.

BACKGROUND: Reliable and valid instruments are needed to estimate physical activity levels. The aim was to culturally adapt the "Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity" (RAPA) into Hungarian and to investigate the validity and reliability of this adapted version in the elderly over 50 years. METHODS: In our cross-sectional study 222 subjects were recruited in Hungary between December 2020 and January 2021(age 61.1 ± 7.9 years, 28% male). Criterion validity of RAPA and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Hungarian long version was tested by Spearman's rank correlation. The examination of repeatability was based on a group of 32 people, and on the one-week test-retest reliability approach, and in addition to this during the statistical analysis intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. To examine the sensitivity and specificity of the RAPA, negative and positive physical activity values were calculated from the results of the long version of the IPAQ and the RAPA. We tested 4 hypotheses (3 validity, 1 reliability). We considered acceptable validity and reliability if > 75% of hypotheses were confirmed. RESULTS: All of the hypotheses (100%) were confirmed. Based on results of the validity testing of the newly adapted questionnaire was showed a moderate correlation between the examined measurement tools (R = 0.542, p < 0.001). The test-retest results of the questionnaire (N = 32, R = 0.988, p < 0.001) showed strong association. CONCLUSION: RAPA showed fair to moderate validity and strong test-retest reliability similar to other studies. Based on our study's results the RAPA is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the elderly Hungarian population's physical activity.

Validity and Reliability of the Hungarian Version of Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire.

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to translate the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) into Hungarian, and to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hungarian AVVQ, as well as to assess the health-related quality of life in patients with varicose veins of the leg. METHODS: 374 adults participated in this study who were divided into two groups (varicose vein, healthy). We analyzed internal consistency, convergent validity (using the 36-Item Short Form Survey, SF-36), repeatability, and intra-class correlation coefficient of the Hungarian AVVQ. Regarding discriminant validity, we determined the scores of the Hungarian AVVQ in both groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The Cronbach-alpha value was 0.890, while the correlation coefficient was R = 1.000. According to the results of the convergent validation, the scores of pain and dysfunction moderately correlated with some scores of the SF-36. The score of cosmetic appearance had a relationship with many scores of the SF-36. We registered a significant relationship between the score of extent of varicosity and some scores of the SF-36. There was significant correlation between the score of complications and numerous scores of the SF-36 (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, pain and general health). The score of pain and dysfunction, cosmetic appearance, extent of varicosity, complications and total score of the Hungarian AVVQ showed a significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Hungarian AVVQ was a reliable and a valid tool to assess the health-related quality of life among patients with varicose veins and was a useful tool to justify the further treatment of the patients.

Cross-sectional study of female pelvic floor dysfunction in a Hungarian population / Noi kismedencei funkciózavarok keresztmetszeti vizsgálata magyarországi populáción.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés és célkituzés: A noi kismedencei funkciózavarok változatos tünetekkel jelentkezhetnek, és jelentosen befolyásolják az érintettek életminoségét. Vizsgálatunk célja volt felmérni a medencefenék-diszfunkciós tüneteket és azok hatását az egyén életminoségére. Módszer: Vizsgálatunkba 203 not vontunk be. Az adatgyujtést két kérdoív, egy általunk összeállított és az Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire segítségével végeztük. Az adatok statisztikai elemzéséhez SPSS 20.0 rendszert használtunk. Spearman-korrelációt, khi-négyzet-próbát, Mann-Whitney-féle U-tesztet, Kruskal-Wallis-próbát és többváltozós lineáris regressziót alkalmaztunk. A szignifikanciaszintet p≤0,05 határnál állapítottuk meg. Eredmények: A hólyagdiszfunkciók gyakorisága (56,2%) szignifikáns kapcsolatot mutatott az életkor növekedésével (p<0,001), az obesitassal (p<0,001), a szülésszámmal és -móddal (p<0,001; p<0,001), az episiotomiával (p<0,001) és a prolapsusmutétekkel (p = 0,010). A süllyedéses kismedencei kórképek gyakorisága (27,1%) szignifikáns kapcsolatot mutatott az életkor növekedésével (p = 0,002), a szülésszámmal és -móddal (p<0,001; p<0,001) és a korábbi episiotomiával (p<0,001). Az analis incontinentia gyakorisága (58,9%) a magasabb testtömegindexszel (p = 0,029) volt szignifikáns kapcsolatban. Szexuális diszfunkciót (53,2%) allergia és tüdobetegségek (p = 0,048) jelenlétével kapcsolatban találtunk. A többes diszfunkció elofordulási gyakorisága az életkor növekedésével (p<0,001), az obesitassal (p = 0,043), a korábbi hysterectomiával (p = 0,046) és prolapsusmutétekkel (p<0,001) mutatott szignifikáns kapcsolatot. Minden diszfunkció esetén kimutatható volt az életminoség-romlás (hólyagfunkciók: p<0,001; bél- és székletürítési funkciók: p<0,001, hüvelyfali süllyedés: p<0,001, szexuális funkciók: p<0,001). Következtetés: Az általunk vizsgált noi populációban nagy arányban találtunk kismedencei funkciózavarokat, melyek kedvezotlen hatással voltak az érintettek életminoségére. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1724-1731. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) can cause several complaints in women and has an adverse effect on the quality of life (Qol). The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction and its effect on Qol. METHOD: 203 women were included. We used two questionnaires, a self-constructed and the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0. Spearman's correlation, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariate linear regression were used. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant association between the prevalence of urinary incontinence (56.2%) and age (p<0.001), obesity (p<0.001), number and mode of deliveries (p<0.001; p<0.001), episiotomy (p<0.001) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery (p = 0.010); between the occurrence of POP (27.1%) and age (p = 0.002), the number and mode of deliveries (p<0.001; p<0.001) and episiotomy (p<0.001); between the prevalence of anal incontinence (58.9%) and obesity (p = 0.029); between sexual dysfunction (SD) (53.2%) and respiratory disease and allergy (p = 0.048). Multiple PFD was significantly associated with age (p<0.001), obesity (p = 0.043), hysterectomy (p = 0.046) and POP surgery (p = 0.010). There was a significant difference between women having more severe PFD than milder complaints regarding Qol (bladder p<0.001; bowel p<0.001; SD p<0.001 and POP p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor dysfunction was common in our study population and had a great adverse effect on Qol. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1724-1731.

The Hungarian adaptation and validation of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale / Az Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale kérdoív magyar nyelvu validálása.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A nemzetközi szakirodalomban számos betegséget illetoen elérheto betegségspecifikus tudást és attitudöt méro kérdoív. Magyarországon az osteoporosis témakörében validált kérdoívek tárháza meglehetosen hiányos. Célkituzés: Célunk volt a csontritkulás-specifikus magatartás és attitud vizsgálatára alkalmas Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-) kérdoív magyar nyelvre történo validációja, melynek segítségével mérhetové válna a magyar anyanyelvu nok csontritkulással kapcsolatos attitudje. Módszer: A kérdoív magyar nyelvre validálása a 2000-ben megfogalmazott hatlépcsos irányelv szerint történt. A külso validitás vizsgálatához az Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT-) kérdoívet használtuk. Mintánkat 600 fo alkotta; statisztikai számításaink során leíró statisztikát készítettünk, különbözoségi vizsgálatokat végeztünk, a belso konzisztencia vizsgálatára Cronbach-alfa-értéket számítottunk, a konvergens validitás és a teszt-reteszt mérések vizsgálatához Spearman-féle korrelációs koefficienst számítottunk. A kérdoív belso struktúrájának vizsgálatához faktorelemzést végeztünk. Ennek megfeleloen Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)-tesztet és Bartlett-próbát számítottunk. Eredmények: Mintánk (37,7 ± 13,15 életév) az OHBS (126,28 ± 14,85 pont) és az OKAT (8,78 ± 3,1) tekintetében egyaránt alacsony pontszámot ért el. A teljes kérdoívre kivetített Cronbach-alfa-érték 0,802 volt. A faktorelemzés (KMO = 0,886; Bartlett-próba p<0,001) 7 faktort különített el, melyek megfeleltethetok az eredeti faktoroknak. A teszt-reteszt során a Spearman-féle korrelációs koefficiens 0,921 és 1,000 közötti értéket mutatott. Az OKAT- és az OHBS-dimenziók összevetésekor számos szignifikáns kapcsolatot találtunk. Megbeszélés: A vizsgálati eredmények megfelelnek az eredeti kérdoív szerinti, továbbá a más nyelvre történt validálás során kapott eredményeknek. Következtetés: Eredményeink alapján a magyar nyelvu OHBS csontritkulás-specifikus attitudöt és magatartást vizsgáló kérdoívet megbízható és valid kérdoívnek tartjuk. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1494-1501. INTRODUCTION: In the international literature, several disease-specific questionnaires are available for many diseases. The opportunities of validated questionnaires are incomplete about osteoporosis in Hungarian language. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to validate the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) into Hungarian that would make it possible to measure the osteoporosis-related attitude for Hungarian-speaking women. METHOD: The questionnaire was validated into Hungarian according to the six-step guideline outlined in 2000. The Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) questionnaire was used to examine external validity. Our sample consisted of 600 women. We performed descriptive statistics; Cronbach's alpha value was calculated for internal consistency, we calculated Spearman's correlation coefficient to examine external validity. We carried out factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] test, Bartlett test) to examine whether the new questionnaire is suitable for measurements in the given language the same way as the original questionnaire. RESULTS: Our sample (37.7 ± 13.15 years of age) achieved low score for both OHBS (126.28 ± 14.85) and OKAT (8.78 ± 3.1). The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.802. Factor analysis (KMO = 0.886; Bartlett test p<0.001) identified 7 factors that can be similar to the original factors. During the test-retest, the Spearman correlation coefficient showed a value between 0.921 and 1.000. When comparing the OKAT and OHBS dimensions we found several significant relationships. DISCUSSION: The results of the study are similar to the results of the original questionnaire validation as well as to other OHBS validation studies. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we consider that the Hungarian form of the OHBS is a reliable and valid questionnaire. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1494-1501.

Health questionnaire on back care knowledge and spine disease prevention for 6-10 years old children: development and psychometric evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Back school programs, that improve back care and spine disease prevention knowledge are recommended at the age of 4-14 years. There is Health Questionnaire on Back Care Knowledge in the literature for children aged 14-17 years. At other ages, there is no questionnaire examining this knowledge. We aimed to develop a Health Questionnaire on Back Care and Spine Disease Prevention Knowledge for 6-10 years old children and validate its psychometric properties (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, agreement, convergent validity, discriminant validity) in 6-10 years old children, who attended back school program or not. METHODS: 463 children took part in the research (6-10 years old). The development was performed according to the Delphi method. The final version contained 7 questions. 463 participants completed the questionnaire twice with an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. The internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha value, test-retest reliability was calculated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and 95% of Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95) and Bland-Altman plots. Convergent validity was tested against the age variable and discriminant validity was tested by Kruskal-Wallis tests among the different subgroups. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha of the total score was (α=0.797), showed a strong internal consistency with minimal SEM (0.606) and MDC95 (1.680). The test-retest result for the total score was strong (0.989), for the questions showed moderate to strong results (0.742-0.975), the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman plot showed a narrow error of measurement range (-3.49-1.29), and the value of mean differences was -1.10 (SD ± 1.22). The convergent validity showed a weak, but significant relationship between total score and age (R=0.171; p < 0.001). The discriminant validity showed significantly different mean scores in non-back school and back school groups. CONCLUSION: For the examination of back care and spine disease prevention knowledge of 6-10 years old children, the questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool. The knowledge requested in the questionnaire covers the knowledge material of the theoretical part of the back school for children aged 4-10 years.

The development of a reliable and valid instrument to measure the osteoporosis-related knowledge: validation of the Hungarian version of Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT).

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Osteoporosis-related knowledge is an important contributor in to prevent osteoporosis. There is no validated reliable questionnaire to measure the knowledge in Hungary. The aim of the study was to validate the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) Hungarian version. METHODS: The research was a randomized validation study of a new Hungarian language instrument. The questionnaire was administered to 557 randomly selected healthy women (age between 25 and 44 years) from December 2018 to July 2019 in Baranya county, Hungary. The reliability was examined by the Flesch reading ease and McNemar's test. We examined item discrimination and item-total correlations, inter-item consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and principal component factor analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences (p <  0.001) were reported between total scores and the age categories. Significant (p <  0.001) correlation (r = 0.25) was found between the education level and the knowledge. Significantly (p <  0.001) higher knowledge were found in health care profession (14.53 ± 3.58) than the non-health care profession (9.99 ± 4.04). Participants with osteoporosis or fracture in family history had better knowledge (p <  0.001). Flesch reading ease was 44, the questionnaire had a Ferguson's sigma of 0.94 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. There were no negative inter-item correlations psychometric properties of the OKAT, all items had more than 70% of correlations (p <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Hungarian version of the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool is a reliable and objective questionnaire to measure women's knowledge in Hungary.

Assessment of health-related quality of life and patient's knowledge in chronic non-specific low back pain.

BACKGROUND: Chronic non-specific low back pain syndrome (cnsLBP) is a severe health problem in developed countries, which has an important effect on patients' quality of life and is highly determined by socio-demographic factors and low back pain specific knowledge. We examined patients' health-related quality of life according to the results of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), low back pain knowledge (LBPKQ) and the social determinants of the participants. METHODS: We carried out our research in the first half of 2015 in Southern Transdanubia, Hungary. The examination included 1155 respondents living with chronic non-specific low back pain. The confidence interval of 95% was used, and the level of. significance was p < 0.05 using SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS: The SF-36 questionnaire is suitable for the examination of patients' health-related quality of life (Cronbach's Alpha> 0.76), as the LBPKQ's Cronbach's Alpha was 0.726 also, which showed good validity. Longer-term disease meant a lower health-related quality of life (p < 0.05). A greater decrease of function (Roland Morris scores (RM)) accounts for a lower HRQoL and higher knowledge level. We found significant differences in LBPKQ scores according to sociodemographic parameters. The general health status was positively correlated with LBPKQ (p = 0.024) adjusted for demographic and pain and functional status. CONCLUSION: The negative effect of the symptoms on patients' quality of life is proved, which is determined by different socio-demographic parameters furthermore by knowledge. Above all could be useful information for professionals to adopt the right interventions.

[The Hungarian translation and validation of the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire]. / Egy deréktáji fájdalommal kapcsolatos betegségspecifikus tudást felméro külföldi kérdoív hazai, magyar nyelvu validálása.

Introduction: Many disease-specific questionnaires, which analyze patients' functional status, quality of life or the progression of the disease, have been validated in Hungarian. The low back pain (LBP) patients' knowledge about their problem has not been measured by an officially validated Hungarian tool. Aim: The aim of our study was to translate and validate the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ) and to assess its validity and reliability. Method: We used the translation-back translation method as the first step. Then we used a synthesis of the back translations reviewed by independent translators. We enrolled 218 people in our study: 101 of them were chronic LBP patients and 73 acute LBP patients. For the validation process, we used the Roland-Morris Disability Index to compare our questionnaire. We calculated Cronbach's alpha values and correlation coefficients. Results: The Hungarian version of LKQ correlated well with the Roland-Morris Index and it proved to be a valid questionnaire (correlation coefficient: -0.393; Cronbach's alpha value 0.894). Conclusion: We found the Hungarian version of LKQ a valid and reliable tool to measure patients' knowledge about LBP. We recommend future studies should apply bigger and more homogenous populations to assess LBP disease-specific knowledge in this country. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(42): 1663-1672.

Effect of Active and Passive Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis and Consensual Effect on the Venous Blood Flow Velocity Among Hemiparetic Patients.

Our aim was to measure the venous blood flow velocity (VBFV) in case of hemiparetic patients, after passive and active thromboembolic methods, as well as the consensual effect in the hemiparetic limb following the active venous exercises in the healthy limb. We examined 215 patients, with the median age of 58.0 (55.0-63.0) years. The VBFV was measured with a HADECO BIDOP ES-100 V II type Doppler ultrasound device, using an 8 MHz head, on the femoral vein at the level of the hip joint. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 22 was used. After passive movement, on the hemiparetic side, compared to the value in resting state, the VBFV significantly (12.6; 11.6-13.5 cm/s; P < .001) increased. Following active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV significantly (18.0; 15.6-19.6 cm/s; P < .001) increased compared to the value in resting state. Following the active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV measured on the hemiparetic side (consensual effect) was significantly (15.1 [14.1-16.5] cm/s; P < .001) higher than the value on the hemiparetic side in resting state. Active and passive mechanical thromboprophylaxis methods can be effective. Movements of the healthy limb significantly increase the VBFV in the inactive limb, and patients can perform it themselves several times a day.

Sports therapy and recreation exercise program in type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial, 3-month follow-up.

BACKGROUND: A sports therapy program in type 2 diabetes helps in glucose control, but little is known how a long-term structured exercise intervention affects the parameters in this disease. Our aim was to measure the impact of a 24-week-long sports therapy program in type 2 diabetes on the concentration of glucose in blood, body composition, and physical fitness level. METHODS: In this prospective longitudinal study, 208 type II diabetic patient (80 male, 128 female, aged: 61±6.86 years) were selected and randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group. The intervention group took part in a sports therapy and recreation sports program for 6 months. Taking into account the rules of training theory and physiotherapy, fitness material of exercising (aerobics, resistance training, muscle strengthening, stretching) and outdoor elements were used during the 3-month sports program, after which it became a 3-month recreation exercise program. In the control group, there was no intervention. RESULTS: The intervention group showed significant decrease in concentration of glucose in blood (mean differences [MD]:-3.23; Confidence Interval [CI] lowest: -3.50; CI highest: -2.95]; P<0.01), weight (MD: -1.68; [-0.82, -0.52] P=0.01), BMI (MD: -0.37; [-0.82; 0.08]; P=0.01), body fat percentage (MD:-1.74; [-2.15, -1.34]; P=0.05) and visceral fat (MD:-0.37; [-0.67, -0.07; P=0.01); right (MD: 5.33; [4.98, 5.68]; P<0.01) and left arm curl (MD: 5.23; [4.87, 5.60]; P<0.01) test, chair stand test (MD: 2.95; [2.65, 3.25]; P=0.00) and the 6-minute walk test (MD: 111.21; [101.12; 121.31]; P<0.01) showed significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: A 24-week-long sports therapy program is a successful intervention for improving parameters affected by type 2 diabetes.

Efficiency examination of a 6-month trunk prevention program among recruitment kayak-canoe athletes: A randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Trunk prevention training, which provides the basis of several conditioning training programs, is used in sports at professional and amateur levels, taking the specifications of the given sport and the age-related characteristics of the athletes into consideration. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the strength and flexibility of muscles responsible for correct posture, the lumbar motor control ability and the posture of recruitment kayak-canoe athletes. METHODS: Controlled, randomized examination with 103 persons (age: 15.1 ± 3.5 years), who were divided into two groups. Fifty were in the intervention group, who took part in the 6-month trunk prevention training program (height: 162.30 cm, body weight: 49.70 ± 10.32 kg), 53 in the control group (not performing trunk prevention training) (height: 158.24 cm, body weight: 51.45 ± 11.71 kg). The strength of core muscles was measured with Kraus-Weber test, muscle flexibility with Kempf-test, lumbar motor control ability with Sitting Forward Lean and Leg Lowering test and posture with photogrammetry test before and after the program. RESULTS: Static strength of abdominal muscles (p< 0.001), superficial and deep dorsal muscles (p< 0.001), flexibility of knee extensors (p< 0.001), chest muscles (p< 0.001), the lumbar motor control ability (p< 0.001) and habitual posture (p< 0.001) significantly improved in the intervention group. The post-measurements in the intervention group were significantly (p< 0.001) better than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the trunk prevention training the strength of core stabilization muscles, the lumbar motor control ability and the posture also improved in case of recruitment athletes.

Back School programme for nurses has reduced low back pain levels: A randomised controlled trial.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: (i) To examine patient lifting techniques used by nurses, and (ii) to evaluate an effectiveness of the Spine Care for Nurses programme in chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome reduction and the execution of proper patient lifting techniques. BACKGROUND: Millions of nurses around the world suffer from occupational-related chronic nonspecific low back pain (chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome). Generally, low back pain in nurses is a result of increased pressure on the spine and can be associated with improperly conducted patient lifting techniques. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted among 137 nurses with chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome. Participants were randomised into an experimental and control group (experimental group n = 67, control group n = 70). Nurses in the experimental group attended the Spine Care for Nurses programme for 3 months. The programme consisted of didactic education, spine-strengthening exercises and education on safe patient handling techniques. The control group only received a brief written lifestyle guidance. The Zebris WinSpine Triple Lumbar examination was used to analyse nurses' patient lifting techniques (horizontal and vertical lifting). The lumbar pain intensity was measured with a 0-100 visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The pre-intervention average chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome intensity score on visual analogue scale decreased from 49.3 to the postintervention score of 7.5. The correct execution of vertical lifting techniques in the experimental group increased from 8.91%-97.01% (control group: 8.57% pre-intervention test and postintervention test 11.42%). The horizontal patient lifting technique pre-intervention increased from 10.44%-100% correct execution in the experimental group (control group: pre-intervention test 10.00% and postintervention test 11.42%). CONCLUSION: The Spine Care for Nurses programme significantly reduced chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome and increased the number of properly executed horizontal and vertical patient lifting techniques in nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: We recommend that healthcare organisations should consider the implementation of regular Spine Care for Nurses programmes as successful low back injury prevention programmes.

[Prevalence, potential risk factors and sequelae of diastasis recti abdominis]. / A rectus diastasis prevalenciája, lehetséges rizikófaktorai és szövodményei.

INTRODUCTION: There is scant knowledge on diastasis recti which occurs mostly in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. AIM: Our aim was to assign the prevalence of diastasis recti and the possible risk factors and to investigate its association with some chronical diseases, like low back pain and urinary incontinence. METHOD: 200 women's interrectus distance was measured who filled out a self-made diastasis recti questionnaire, the SF-36, Oswestry Disability Index and the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence Short Form questionnaires. RESULTS: Prevalence of the condition was 46.5%. In case of risk factors, relationship between number of deliveries and interrectus distance was significant. We found a significant difference in quality of life, in presence of low back pain and urinary incontinence between the normal and the abnormal group. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the literature we found, that diastasis recti can predispose on serious sequelae, hence on decreased quality of life. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(12), 454-460.

[Improvement of lumbal motor control and trunkmuscle conditions with a novel low back pain prevention exercise program]. / Új low back pain prevenciós mozgásprogram, amely javítja a törzsizmok állapotát és a lumbalis motoros kontrollt.

INTRODUCTION: Ballet dancers often suffer from low back pain. AIM: Low back pain can be reduced by strengthening the core muscles with the help of a special exercise program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study 62 ballet dancer women (average age: 14.89 ± 1.21 years) were included. Intervention group: n = 30 participant, average age: 14.86 ± 1.00 years, control group: n = 32 participant, average age: 14.91 ± 1.37 years. We examined the pain intensity that occurs during training with visual analog scale, the habitual posture with photogrammetry, the abdominal muscle strength with Kraus-Weber test, the static muscle strength of the trunk muscles with core test and the lumbar motor control with leg lowering test. The intervention group did a trunk prevented exercise program during 3 months, and then we examined them again. RESULTS: In the intervention group the intensity of pain significantly decreased (VAS1: p = 0.012; VAS2: p = 0.021), the abdominal muscle strength significantly improved (K-W. B: p=0.025; K-W. C: p<0.001), the static muscle strength of trunk muscles significantly increased (Core-test: p<0.001) and the lumbar motor control significantly improved in both legs (Leg low. R.: p<0.001; Leg low. L.: p<0.001). Also, the habitual posture greatly improved (frontal view: 34.78%, side view: 52.17%). CONCLUSION: In ballet dancers with a special exercise program, which improves the conditions of trunk muscles, the motor control of lumbar regions can be improved and the lower back pain and the incidence of injuries can be reduced. Orv., Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 58-66.

Treatment and ergonomics training of work-related lower back pain and body posture problems for nurses.

AIMS: The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of a spine training programme (Back School) in nurses who have been living with chronic low back pain. It was hypothesised that active therapy, ergonomics and education called Back School will significantly decrease the pain intensity levels and improve the body posture of the study participants. BACKGROUND: A chronic low back pain is a significant work-related health problem among healthcare workers around the world. Proper body posture is essential for decreasing pain in healthcare workers who have history of chronic low back pain. By teaching proper body posture and with the creation of occupational settings that are 'spine-friendly' hospitals and other healthcare settings can significantly lower the suffering of their nursing staff. DESIGN: Single-blinded randomised controlled trial was utilised with six- and 12-months follow-up. METHODS: The study was carried out at the University of Pecs, Faculty of Health Sciences from 2007 to 2008 involving 124 nurses with low back pain. Participants were randomly assigned to the study group (who have received ergonomics training and education called Back School) with an intervention conducted once a week for a six-week period. The control group received passive physiotherapy once a week for a six-week period. Further follow-up measurements were conducted at six and 12 months, respectively. The study variables and outcome measures were pain intensity and body posture (angle of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis). The pain intensity was investigated with the Visual Analogue Scale. Body posture was recorded and analysed with the Zebris biomechanical motion analysis system. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of repeated measures indicated a significant decrease in back pain intensity after the therapy in both groups, compared with measurements before the therapy; however, the BS group showed significantly better results during the six-month and one-year follow-up period. The biomechanical analysis of postures after the therapy in the BS group showed significant improvements over the control group; during the follow-up, the difference was still significant, yet slightly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that a significant reduction in the pain intensity and improvement in body posture can be achieved by the usage of the active physical therapy methods (Back School) in nurses who are experiencing chronic lower back pain. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Back School programme when compared with the passive physical therapies (such as massage, ultrasound treatment, etc.) shows significant improvement in reduction in pain and greatly improves the posture of healthcare workers. The adoption of the Back School programme for the treatment of the healthcare workers with chronic low back problems should be a treatment of choice and standard that should be adopted when designing occupational healthcare policies and procedures.