ABSTRACT
Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a haemodynamic disorder in which elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation is caused by abnormal vascular tone. Despite advances in treatment, PH mortality remains high, and drug repurposing has been proposed as a mitigating approach. This article reviews the studies that have investigated drug repurposing as a viable option for PH. We provide an overview of PH and highlight pharmaceutical drugs with repurposing potential, based on limited evidence of their mechanisms of action. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in PH, most of which are of Indian or Asian origin. Africa is a rich source of many medicinal plants that have been scientifically proven to counteract myriad pathologies. When perusing these studies, one will notice that some African medicinal plants can counteract the molecular pathways (e.g. proliferation, vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction) that are also involved in the pathogenesis of PH. We review the actions of these plants with actions applicable to PH and highlight that they could be repurposed as adjunct PH therapies. However, these plants have either never been tested in PH, or there is little evidence of their actions against PH. We therefore encourage caution, as more research is needed to study these plants further in experimental models of PH while acknowledging that the outcomes of such proof of-concept studies may not always yield promising findings. Regardless, this article aims to stimulate future research that could make timely contributions to the field. Study synopsis: What the study adds. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a fatal disease, and 80% of the patients live in developing countries where resources are scarce and specialised therapies are often unavailable. Drug repurposing is a viable option to try to improve treatment outcomes.Implications of the findings. We propose that another form of 'drug' repurposing is the use of medicinal plants, many of which have demonstrated benefits against pathological processes that are also key in PH, e.g. apoptosis, tumour-like growth of cells, proliferation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins , Repressor Proteins , Tumor Suppressor Proteins , Humans , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methodsABSTRACT
Guía de procedimientos en acercamiento. Guía de procedimientos de traumatismos oseos. Guía de inmovilización de hombro. Guía de inmovilización de brazo. Guía de inmovilización de codo. Guía de inmovilización de antebrazo. Inmovilización de manos y dedos. Guía de inmovilización de muslo. Guía de inmovilización de rodilla. Guía de inmovilización de pierna. Guía de inmovilización de tobillo
Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries , First Aid , Emergencies , BoliviaABSTRACT
Generalidades. Ciclo de los eventos adversos. Cinemática del trauma. Terminología médica. Metodología del soporte básico de vida. Escenario de acción. Acercamiento. Evaluación inicial. Evaluación de condiciones de Alto Riesgo. Evaluación Secundaria. Transporte
Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries , First Aid , EmergenciesABSTRACT
El manual nació en la necesidad de un texto de referencia concreto y aplicable a nuestra realidad en la enseñanza de primeros auxilios a los estudiantes de medicina. Es presentado en forma de modulos con objetivos definidos y la vía para lograr estos. Escrito en términos accesibles a varios niveles de educación, puede ser utilizado como guía en la enseñanza de nuestra materia, que día a día toma mayor importancia, en colegios , empresas, etc