Butaphosphan Effects on Glucose Metabolism Involve Insulin Signaling and Depends on Nutritional Plan.

Butaphosphan is an organic phosphorus compound used in several species for the prevention of rapid catabolic states, however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed at determining the effects of butaphosphan on energy metabolism of mice receiving a normal or hypercaloric diet (HCD) and submitted or not to food restriction. Two experiments were conducted: (1) during nine weeks, animals were fed with HCD (n = 28) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan (n = 14) or saline injections (n = 14) (twice a day, for seven days) and; (2) during nine weeks, animals were fed with a control diet (n = 14) or HCD (n = 14) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, all animals were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan or saline injections (twice a day, for seven days). In food restriction, butaphosphan preserved epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, increased glucose, NEFA, and the HOMA index. In mice fed HCD and submitted to food restriction, the butaphosphan preserved epididymal WAT mass. Control diet influences on PI3K, GCK, and Irs1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, butaphosphan increased blood glucose and reduced fat mobilization in overweight mice submitted to caloric restriction, and these effects are influenced by diet.

Effect of bovine somatotropin injection in late pregnant Holstein heifers on metabolic parameters and steroidogenic potential of the first postpartum dominant follicle.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-partum injections of bovine somatotropin (bST) in dairy heifers on metabolic markers and the steroidogenic potential of the first postpartum dominant follicle. Heifers were assigned to two groups: bST (ST; n = 29), that received two doses of bST (500 mg/dose) at -28 and -14 days relative to calving; and control (CTL; n = 30), that did not received bST. Follicular development was monitored via ultrasound every 3 days starting at 8 days in milk (DIM) in a subset of 20 heifers until the day the first large follicle reached a diameter of 16 mm. From these cows follicular fluid was aspirated and the follicular cells recovered (ST; n = 8 and CTL; n = 10). Blood samples were collected weekly for all heifers. Follicular fluid IGF-I concentrations of the first postpartum dominant follicle was higher (P = 0.05) in ST (87.1 ± 7.7 mg/mL) than CTL cows (64.3 ± 6.8 mg/mL). Also, E2 concentration in the follicular fluid was higher (P = 0.02) for ST (199.7 ± 55.9 ng/mL) than CTL cows (74.5 ± 37.7 ng/mL). The expression of LHCGR and STAR mRNA in follicular cells was higher (P < 0.05) in ST than CTL cows. Nonetheless, HSD3B, P450scc, P450c17, IGFr and CYP19A1 mRNA expression was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Serum IGF-I concentration was higher in ST treated heifers during the pre-partum period (P = 0.01) and no difference was observed in the postpartum period (P = 0.19). In conclusion, pre-partum bST treatment in dairy heifers increased intrafollicular IGF-I and expression of LHCGR and STAR mRNA in follicular cells of the first postpartum dominant follicle. These changes were associated to increased intrafollicular and serum E2 concentration, which can potentially increase the chance of ovulation of the first follicular wave.

Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of growth hormone receptor (GHR) AluI, insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-I) SnaBI, and signal transducer and activator 5A (STAT5A) BstEII polymorphisms in the reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows and the frequency of this genotypes in cows managed in different systems. This work studied 381 and 506 Holstein cows from semiextensive and intensive systems, respectively. The frequency of genotypes GHRAluI (+/-), IGF-ISnaBI (-/-) and (+/-), and STAT5ABstEII (-/-) was higher in animals from semiextensive system, whereas the frequency of the genotypes GHRAluI (+/+) and IGF-ISnaBI (+/+) was higher in animals from intensive system (P < 0.05). In the intensive system, cows from the STAT5ABstEII (-/-) genotype had a longer calving-first heat interval (P = 0.03). In conclusion, there was no association between the genotypes of GHRAluI and IGF-ISnaBI and fertility of Holstein cows raised in semiextensive or intensive regimes, although the genotype frequencies of the evaluated polymorphisms were different between the studied systems. The STAT5ABstEII polymorphism was associated with calving-first heat interval in Holstein cows raised in the intensive system, indicating that this gene could be a molecular marker for genetic selection to improve reproductive performance.

Parâmetros bioquímicos clínicos de vacas de alta e média produção de leite, criadas em sistema freestall / Clinical and biochemical parameters of high and medium milk yield cows reared in a freestall system

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos de vacas primíparas e multíparas de alta e média produção de leite criadas em sistema freestall. Foram utilizadas 174 vacas da raça Holandês, divididas em quatro grupos: primíparas de alta produção (PA, n=37; 42,92±0,78 kg leite/dia); primíparas de média produção (PM, n=50; 26,44±0,91 kg leite/dia); multíparas de alta produção (MA, n=37; 44,28±0,87 kg leite/dia) e multíparas de média produção (MM, n=50; 24,87±0,91 kg leite/dia), com 216±12 dias em lactação. Analisaram-se os seguintes metabólitos: concentrações de: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (HDL), triglicerídeos (TAG), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteínas totais (PT), albumina, ureia, e a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O grupo PM apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,001), colesterol (P = 0,001), HDL (P = 0,002) e TAG (P = 0,010) quando comparado com as do grupo MM. O grupo PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,001) quando comparado com a MA. PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,023) e AST (P = 0,05) ao se comparar com PM. MA apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,009), colesterol (P = 0,041), HDL (P = 0,053) e TAG (P = 0,052) quando comparado com a MM. As diferenças encontradas nos metabólitos analisados tornam-se importantes no estabelecimento dos valores de referência para uma população regional de categorias semelhantes, além da possibilidade de utilização de parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos na prevenção e monitoramento de transtornos metabólicos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical parameters of primiparous and multiparous cows of high and medium milk yield reared in a freestall system. One hundred seventy-four Holstein cows were used, divided into four groups: high yield primiparous (PA, n = 37; 42.92 ± 0.78 kg milk / day); medium yield primiparous (PM, n = 50; 26.44 ± 0.91 kg milk / day); high yield multiparous (MA, n = 37; 44.28 ± 0.87 kg milk / day) and medium yield multiparous (MM, n = 50; 24.87 ± 0.91 kg milk / day) with 216 ± 12 days in lactation. Blood analysis included: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein (PT), albumin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The PM group had higher albumin concentrations (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.002) and TAG (P = 0.010) compared to the MM group. PA group had higher HDL concentrations (P = 0.001) than MA. PA had higher HDL (P = 0.023) and AST concentrations (P = 0.05) compared to PM. MA had higher albumin (P = 0.009), cholesterol (P = 0.041), HDL (P = 0.053) and TAG (P = 0.052) concentrations compared to MM. The results found in the analyzed metabolites are important in establishing reference values for a regional population, and also allow the use of these biochemical parameters in the prevention and monitoring of metabolic disorders.

Diets Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Different Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio Decrease Liver Content of Saturated Fatty Acids Across Generations of Wistar Rats

Our study evaluated how the consumption of diets with low (LOW group - 0.4/1) or high (CON group - 13.6/1) omega-6/omega-3 ratio across generations (F1 and F2) can modulate liver fatty acid (FA) profile and blood biomarkers. Liver content of α-linolenic acid was higher in animals always fed with LOW diet than animals that changed from CON to LOW diet, which by your time was higher than animals always fed with CON diet. Liver saturated FA concentration decreased in both groups from F1 to F2. In conclusion, both diets were efficient in decreasing the saturated FA liver content across generations, the LOW ratio diet was more effective in reducing blood triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, and there was a multigenerational effect of the LOW ratio diet, improving the FA profile even when the offspring start receiving the CON diet.