Prevalence of Proteinuria and Hematuria in a Rural Population in the Southwest of Iran.

Acute and chronic kidney diseases are common and are associated with the risk of kidney failure. Early detection of these disorders prevents their progression to kidney damage in later stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of proteinuria and hematuria in a rural population in Yasuj, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 676 people (350 females and 326 males) participated. People with positive dipstick test results entered the second screening and the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) was measured. People with UPCR ≥150 mg/g were evaluated for demographic and biochemical indicators. In the initial screening, 72 subjects (10.6%) tested positive by the dipstick test with trace proteinuria or higher. The UPCR results showed that this ratio was above 150 mg/g in 42 patients (6.2%), which was approximately equivalent to more than 150 mg of protein excreted per day. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of proteinuria and the demographic and biochemical markers. Briefly, it seems that the prevalence of proteinuria found by the dipstick test was similar to that in other parts of the world. However, according to the UPCR index, the percentage of proteinuria was significantly higher than in other studies. Because of the unknown mechanism of proteinuria, more studies based on genetic tests and kidney biopsies are needed to determine the causes of proteinuria.

Evaluation of Knee Joint after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Surgery of Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Patients with Avulsion Fracture.

BACKGROUND: The posterior cruciate ligament is one of the important tissues and structures sustaining the knee joint, and its rupture or detachment may lead to joint instability or destruction. AIM: The present study aimed at investigating the Open Reduction and Internal Fixation surgery of posterior cruciate ligament and comparing it to the normal knee of the same side. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with avulsion fracture at the PCL joint were treated with open surgery and screw fixation. The patients were followed up by Lysholm knee score for at least 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: All patients were male with an average age of 25 years over the years 2010-2018. The common mechanism of injury in these patients was motorcycle-car accident. In the study with Lysholm knee score, 21 patients (80%) obtained the good score of 60-90 while 20% of patients were placed in the fair group (30-59). The average score was 86. CONCLUSION: The obtained score of knee function questionnaire in this study had no significant difference from other similar studies, and most patients achieved a good and acceptable score after the surgery. There was no knee instability and functional impairment in the patients compared to the normal knee. Considering the clinical results after the fixation of the PCL avulsion fracture causing a significant improvement in patients, the surgery could be considered as an acceptable and effective method for treating such impairment and fracture.