ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spurred a global health crisis. The safety and supply of blood during this pandemic has been a concern of blood banks and transfusion services as it is expected to adversely affect blood system activities. We aim to assess the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) during the first months of the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was designed to address blood supply, transfusion demand, and donor management during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical directors of different blood banks were invited to participate. RESULTS: A total of 16 centers participated with representation from 15/19 countries in the region. In total, 75% were from national blood banks. Most centres had a decrease in the blood supply, ranging from 26-50%. Representatives from 14 countries (93.3%) believed that public fear has contributed to a decrease in donations. Most centres (n=12, 75%) had a reduction in transfusion demand, while those who did not, reported heavy involvement in treating patients with underlying haemoglobinopathies and haematological malignancies. Half of the centres activated their contingency plans. Four centres had to alter the blood donor eligibility criteria to meet demands. All centres implemented donor deferral criteria in relation to SARS-CoV-2, but were variable in measures to mitigate the risk of donor and staff exposure. CONCLUSION: Blood services in the region faced variable degrees of blood shortages. We summarize lessons learnt during this pandemic for the blood banks to consider to plan, assess, and respond proportionately to future similar pandemics.
Subject(s)
Blood Banks/statistics & numerical data , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Africa, Northern , Blood Banks/organization & administration , Blood Donors/psychology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Donor Selection/standards , Health Care Surveys , Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy , Hemoglobinopathies/therapy , Humans , Infection Control/organization & administration , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Mediterranean Region , Middle East , Pakistan , Professional-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
Using a mixed-methods approach, we examined how participants' memories of socialization regarding death might influence their self-reported coping with losses in childhood and adulthood. We recruited 318 adults to complete an online survey. Path analyses indicated that participants who remembered their parents shielding them less from issues related to death reported better coping as children and adults. Qualitative responses suggested participants wanted to receive more information about death from their parents as they went through the grieving process. We highlight the potential benefits of socializing children about death, and how it may aid in their coping with death-related events.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude to Death , Parenting/psychology , Socialization , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
A 63-year-old woman with a 1-month history of blurred vision in the right eye was found to have a right optic nerve sheath meningioma. She was treated with fractionated proton beam therapy using a total dose of 50.4 cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) in 1.8 CGE fractions, with subsequent improvement in vision. Twenty-seven months later, the patient reported a 6-week history of progressive blurred vision in her right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancement of the right optic nerve consistent with radiation optic neuropathy (RON). We are unaware of any previous reports of RON when radiotherapy doses fall within the current recommended guidelines of <55 CGE fractionated into daily doses <2 CGE.
Subject(s)
Meningeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Meningioma/radiotherapy , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Optic Nerve Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Proton Therapy/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningeal Neoplasms/complications , Meningioma/complications , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve/pathology , Optic Nerve Neoplasms/complications , Time Factors , Visual Fields/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Multichannel transmission has the potential to improve many aspects of MRI through a new paradigm in excitation. In this study, multichannel transmission is used to address the effects that variations in B(0) homogeneity have on fat-saturation preparation through the use of the frequency, phase, and amplitude degrees of freedom afforded by independent transmission channels. B(1) homogeneity is intrinsically included via use of coil sensitivities in calculations. A new method, parallel excitation for B-field insensitive fat-saturation preparation, can achieve fat saturation in 89% of voxels with M(z) ≤ 0.1 in the presence of ± 4 ppm B(0) variation, where traditional CHESS methods achieve only 40% in the same conditions. While there has been much progress to apply multichannel transmission at high field strengths, particular focus is given here to application of these methods at 1.5 T.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Image Enhancement/instrumentation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Models, Biological , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Limited research exists on researchers' knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) in the eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). This multi-country study explores researchers' views and experiences regarding the role of health systems and policy research evidence in health policymaking in the EMR, including the factors that influence health policymaking, barriers and facilitators to the use of evidence, and the factors that increase researchers' engagement in KTE.
