ABSTRACT
HISTORY: A 49yo male is involved in a fall while skiing. He was brought off the ski hill and was found to have suffered a closed fracture of the left midshaft humerus. Distal neurovascular exam was normal. He is otherwise unhurt (Figs. 1 and 2). PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: previous history of back surgery for a disc problem when he was 35yo. Has been told that he has high blood pressure but does nothing for this. He is Right hand dominant. SOCIAL HISTORY: married with one child and works as an equipment operator for a crane company; he is a social drinker and smokes 1pack per day for 30 years. Has a history of using some recreational drugs but none for 10 years.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Closed , Humeral Fractures , Child , Male , Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Fractures, Closed/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Humerus , Humeral Fractures/surgery , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Clavicle , Fractures, Bone , Bone Plates , Clavicle/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fracture Healing , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Humans , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Chromosome segregation depends on sister chromatid cohesion which is established by cohesin during DNA replication. Cohesive cohesin complexes become acetylated to prevent their precocious release by WAPL before cells have reached mitosis. To obtain insight into how DNA replication, cohesion establishment and cohesin acetylation are coordinated, we analysed the interaction partners of 55 human proteins implicated in these processes by mass spectrometry. This proteomic screen revealed that on chromatin the cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2 associates with the MCM2-7 subcomplex of the replicative Cdc45-MCM-GINS helicase. The analysis of ESCO2 mutants defective in MCM binding indicates that these interactions are required for proper recruitment of ESCO2 to chromatin, cohesin acetylation during DNA replication, and centromeric cohesion. We propose that MCM binding enables ESCO2 to travel with replisomes to acetylate cohesive cohesin complexes in the vicinity of replication forks so that these complexes can be protected from precocious release by WAPL Our results also indicate that ESCO1 and ESCO2 have distinct functions in maintaining cohesion between chromosome arms and centromeres, respectively.
Subject(s)
Acetyltransferases/metabolism , Chromatids/metabolism , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism , Chromosome Segregation/genetics , Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins/metabolism , Acetylation , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Mitosis/genetics , CohesinsABSTRACT
With increasing demand for organ transplantation and patients deteriorating or dying on the waiting list, organs are now being increasingly used from donors previously considered too marginal. This requires improvements to donor management during the retrieval process, and of the organ during transport and subsequent implantation, in order to maintain outcomes.
