Regulatory Considerations of Orthobiologic Procedures.

The injection of biologic products for musculoskeletal pathologies is an emerging and promising field; however, dubious and unsafe uses for these products are often marketed. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined the need for varying degrees of regulation for these products for safety and efficacy. These regulations are frequently updated and federally enforced. As the regulatory landscape changes, clinicians using biologic products must stay informed to remain within the purview of the FDA. This article describes the current regulations of the most common products: platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, adipose-derived products, and birth tissue products.

Chronic Diarrhea in a Drinker: A Breakthrough Case of Pellagra in the US South.

The triad of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis constitutes the clinical diagnosis of pellagra. However, most reported cases of pellagra have occurred without all components of the triad. Pellagra was declared eradicated in the United States after an outbreak in the 1920s, and is now considered to be an exceedingly rare diagnosis in developed countries. In this article, we present a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with a significant history of alcohol use and chronic diarrhea. Pellagra was clinically diagnosed based on the triad of diarrhea, cognitive dysfunction, and dermatitis in this malnourished, alcoholic patient. The patient was treated and clinically improved with resolution of his diarrhea and cognitive dysfunction.