Pr(III) luminescence enhancement by chelation in solution and in sol-gel glass.

Due to the weak emission of lanthanide ions in solution, it is common practice to form complexes of the lanthanide ions with organic ligands that strongly absorbs light and transfers the energy to the lanthanide ion center via the antenna effect. The organic ligands 2-6-pyridinedicarboxylate (L1) and the polytonic diazine (N-N) ligand L2 (C22H16N12O2) were used to synthesize two Pr(III) complexes, namely: Pr-L1 (Na3[Pr(C7H3NO4)3]) and Pr-L2. The prepared complexes were further encapsulated in an optically transparent sol-gel glass. The synthesized ligands and complexes were characterized by FTIR and (1)H NMR. Room temperature luminescence of Pr-L1 and Pr-L2 complexes in solution and in sol-gel glass were investigated using a spectrofluorometer. Excitation at the maximum absorption wavelength of the ligands (280nm) resulted in the typical visible luminescence (centered at around 600nm) resulting from the (1)D2→(3)H4 transition of the Pr(III) ion, which contributes to the efficient energy transfer from the absorbing ligand L1 to the chelated Pr(III) ion (an antenna effect) while the Pr(III) luminescence is not efficiently sensitized by ligand L2. The obtained emission spectra indicated that the excitation energy level for the central Pr(III) is in a slightly lower location than ligand L1 excitation triplet (T1) level and can accept the energy transfer from T1 efficiently.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of encapsulated sol-gel glass samarium complexes.

Luminescence efficiency of lanthanide complexes generally largely depend on the choice of the organic ligand and the host matrix in which these complexes are doped. Two Sm(III) complexes, namely: Sm(III) dithicarbamate - Sm(L1)3B [L1=(R)2NCS2B, R=C2H5 and B=1,10-phenanthroline] and Sm(III) complex with the polytonic ligand L2=N', N'(2)-bis[(1E)-1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]ethanedihydrazide {Sm2-L2-(CH3COO)2; L2=C16H16N6O2} are synthesized, these complexes are then trapped in sol-gel glass. Room temperature luminescence of Sm(L1)3B and {Sm2-L2-(CH3COO)2} complexes encapsulated in sol-gel glass are studied using a spectrofluorometer. Up on excitation by a UV light, ligand L1B absorbs this light and transfers it into the Sm(III) ions and emission bands were observed in the visible region and were attributed to f-f transitions of Sm(III). The observed emission indicated an efficient L1B ligand as a sensitizer, while ligand L2 shows no ability to work as a sensitizer. The branching ratio I4G5/2→6H9/2/I4G5/2→6H7/2) of electric dipole transition to magnetic dipole transition was used as an effective spectroscopic probe to predict symmetry of the site in which Sm(III) is located. The encapsulation of the Samaium complexes was performed for three reasons: (i) before rare earth (RE)-doped sol-gel glasses can be used in applications such as laser materials, several fluorescence quenching mechanisms must be overcome, we show in this work that lanthanide fluorescence is greatly enhanced by chelation and selecting a suitable host matrix (sol-gel) to accommodate the lanthanide complex, (ii) to improve the stability of the phosphor with efficient and high color-purity characteristics under ultraviolet excitation and (iii) this work provides a framework for preparing transparent composite glasses that are robust hosts to study the fundamental interactions between nano-materials and light.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a potential antidote for cadmium and lead intoxication: cadmium and lead distribution and analysis in different mice organs.

Analysis and distribution of Pb and Cd in different mice organs including liver, kidney, spleen, heart and blood were evaluated after treatment with different aqueous concentrations of garlic (12.5-100 mg/l). Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for analysis of Pb and Cd in these organs. Treatment of Cd-Pb exposed mice with garlic (12.5-100 mg/l) reduced Pb concentrations by 44.65, 42.61, 38.4, 47.56, and 66.62% in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and blood respectively. Moreover, garlic reduced Cd levels by 72.5, 87.7, 92.6, 95.6, and 71.7% in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and blood respectively. The suppressed immune responses in mice pretreated with Cd-Pb mixture were reversed by 48.85, 55.82, 81.4 and 90.7 in the presence of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml of garlic extract.

Ion Chromatography-Photodiode Array UV-Visible Detection of Cr(III) Hydrolytic Polymerization Products in Pure and Natural Waters.

Hydrolytic polymerization of Cr(III) aqua ions was investigated in pure Milli-Q water and in surface waters, using Sephadex column fractionation followed by nonsuppressed ion chromatography (IC) with UV detection at λ 462 nm. Pure and natural waters spiked with 0.04 M Cr(III) were fractionated on Sephadex columns into four fractions using eluents with increasing ionic strength. Fractions were analyzed for total Cr by atomic absorption, and recoveries ranged from 94 to 101%. Fractions representing monomeric and low oligomeric Cr (III) species were subjected to IC using a low-capacity mixed resin column and a mobile phase consisting of 2 M NaClO(4)/0.02 M HClO(4) at pH 4.50. Monomeric Cr(III) species were detected in the IC chromatograms of the freshly prepared Cr(III) solution with capacity factors (k') ranging from 0.05 to 0.40. In the 3-days-aged samples, dimeric and trimeric peaks with k' = 1.09 and 1.70, respectively, were detected. Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric Cr(III) peaks collected from the IC preparative experiments were scanned between λ 200 and 600 nm, using a photodiode array detector. The UV-visible spectral characteristics of the monomer, dimer, and trimer confirmed their identities. The trimeric Cr(III) peak was more predominant in the IC chromatograms of the surface water and accounted for 6.5-35.9% of the total Cr(III) in the samples.