ABSTRACT
The bone marrow microenvironment interacts with malignant cells and regulates cancer survival and immune evasion in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated the immune profiles of longitudinal bone marrow samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (n = 18) using cytometry by time-of-flight. The results before and during treatment were compared between patients with good (GR, n = 11) and bad (BR, n = 7) responses to lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone-based treatment. Before treatment, the GR group had a lower tumor cell burden and a higher number of T cells with a phenotype shifted toward CD8+ T cells expressing markers attributed to cytotoxicity (CD45RA and CD57), a higher abundance of CD8+ terminal effector cells, and a lower abundance of CD8+ naïve T cells. On natural killer (NK) cells, increased expression of CD56 (NCAM), CD57, and CD16 was seen at baseline in the GR group, indicating their maturation and cytotoxic potential. During lenalidomide-based treatment, the GR patients showed an increase in effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. These findings support distinct immune patterns in different clinical contexts, suggesting that deep immune profiling could be used for treatment guidance and warrants further exploration.
ABSTRACT
The oncogenic protein Bcr-Abl has two major isoforms, p190Bcr-Abl and p210Bcr-Abl. While p210Bcr-Abl is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), p190Bcr-Abl occurs in the majority of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) patients. In CML, p190Bcr-Abl occurs in a minority of patients associating with distinct hematological features and inferior outcomes, yet the pathogenic role of p190Bcr-Abl and potential targeting therapies are largely uncharacterized. We employed next generation sequencing, phospho-proteomic profiling, and drug sensitivity testing to characterize p190Bcr-Abl in CML and hematopoietic progenitor cell line models (Ba/f3 and HPC-LSK). p190Bcr-Abl CML patients demonstrated poor response to imatinib and frequent mutations in epigenetic modifiers genes. In contrast with p210Bcr-Abl, p190Bcr-Abl exhibited specific transcriptional upregulation of interferon, interleukin-1 receptor, and P53 signaling pathways, associated with hyperphosphorylation of relevant signaling molecules including JAK1/STAT1 and PAK1 in addition to Src hyperphosphorylation. Comparable to p190Bcr-Abl CML patients, p190Bcr-Abl cell lines demonstrated similar transcriptional and phospho-signaling signatures. With the drug sensitivity screening we identified targeted drugs with specific activity in p190Bcr-Abl cell lines including IAP-, PAK1-, and Src inhibitors and glucocorticoids. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the distinct features of p190Bcr-Abl CML and promising therapeutic targets for this high-risk patient group.
Subject(s)
Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Signal Transduction/genetics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Glucocorticoids/genetics , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Oncogenes/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Proteomics/methods , Transcription, Genetic/genetics , Up-Regulation/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Kingiodendron pinnatum Rox. Hams. is an endangered medicinal plant used in gonorrhoe, catarrhal conditions of genito-urinary and respiratory tracts. The scientific and pharmacological formulation of K. pinnatum has not been established so far though it is being traditionally used by tribes of the region. OBJECTIVE: P hytochemical screening and identification of the bioactive compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of Kingiodendron pinnatum Rox. Hams. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatographic separation was carried out by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. Bio-autography of the column fractioned extract and TLC chromatogram were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial activity. The PTLC, HP TLC were used for crude extract and HPLC, LCMS, FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR were employed for the isolated compound in the ethyl acetate extract of K. pinnatum. RESULTS: Evaluation of solvent system for chromatographic separation revealed that ethyl acetate: petroleum ether in the ratio of 7:2.5 ml was the most appropriate one for the separation of diterpene compounds. The antibacterial bio-autography screening of TLC separated compound showed positive activity with Staphylococcus aureus and negative activity with Escherichia coli. Spectroscopic analysis of the isolated compound from the ethyl acetate extract of K. pinnatum revealed the presence of diterpene compound. CONCLUSION: It is evident from the present study that the ethyl acetate extract of K. pinnatum is rich in diterpene compounds and having potential antibacterial activity. SUMMARY: Novel extraction method for phytochemicls from Kingidendron pinnatum at RTAntibacterial property of diterpens extracted from Kingiodendron pinnatum Rox. Hams aganist S. aureus Abbreviations Used: TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography, PTLC: Preparatory Thin Layer Chromatography, HPTLC: High perormence Thin Layer chromatography, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, LC-MS: Liquid chromatography Mass Spectra, FTIR: Fourier Transform Infrared Chromatography, NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
