Cavitation erosion-corrosion properties of as-cast TC4 and LPBF TC4 in 0.6 mol/L NaCl solution: A comparison investigation.

In this work study, a comparative analysis was undertaken to investigate investigation into the cavitation erosion (CE) and corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) TC4 and as-cast TC4 in 0.6 mol/L NaCl solution. Relevant results indicated that LPBF TC4 revealed a rectangular checkerboard-like pattern with a more refined grain size compared to as-cast TC4. Meanwhile, LPBF TC4 surpassed its as-cast counterpart in CE resistance, demonstrating approximately 2.25 times lower cumulative mass loss after 8 h CE. The corrosion potential under alternating CE and quiescence conditions demonstrated that both LPBF TC4 and as-cast TC4 underwent a rapid potential decrease at the initial stages of CE, while a consistent negative shift in corrosion potential was observed with the continuously increasing CE time, indicative of a gradual decline in repassivation ability. The initial surge in corrosion potential during the early CE stages was primarily attributed to accelerated oxygen transfer. As CE progressed, the significant reduction in corrosion potential for both LPBF TC4 and as-cast TC4 was attributed to the breakdown of the passive film. The refined and uniform microstructure in LPBF TC4 effectively suppresses both crack formation and propagation, underscoring the potential of LPBF technology in enhancing the CE resistance of titanium alloys. This work can provide important insights into developing high-quality, reliable, and sustainable CE-resistant materials via LPBF technology.

Deep insights into biodegradability mechanism and growth cycle adaptability of polylactic acid/hyperbranched cellulose nanocrystal composite mulch.

The widespread use of petroleum-based plastic mulch in agriculture has accelerated white and microplastic pollution while posing a severe agroecological challenge due to its difficulty in decomposing in the natural environment. However, endowing mulch film with degradability and growth cycle adaptation remains elusive due to the inherent non-degradability of petroleum-based plastics severely hindering its applications. This work reports polylactic acids hyperbranched composite mulch (PCP) and measured biodegradation behavior under burial soil, seawater, and ultraviolet (UV) aging to understand the biodegradation kinetics and to increase their sustainability in the agriculture field. Due to high interfacial interactions between polymer and nanofiler, the resultant PCP mulch significantly enhances crystallization ability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties. PCP mulch can be scalable-manufactured to exhibit modulated degradation performance under varying degradation conditions and periods while concurrently enhancing crop growth (wheat). Thus, such mulch with excellent performance can reduce labor costs and the environmental impact of waste mulch disposal to replace traditional mulch for sustainable agricultural production.

Ligamentum teres hepatis as a graft for portal and/or superior mesenteric vein reconstruction: From bench to bedside.

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with portal vein (PV) and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection in patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancy has become a common surgical procedure. There are various grafts currently used for PV and/or SMV reconstruction, but each of these grafts have certain limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel grafts that have an extensive resource pool, are low cost with good clinical application, and are without immune response rejection or additional damage to patients. AIM: To observe the anatomical and histological characteristics of the ligamentum teres hepatis (LTH) and evaluate PV/SMV reconstruction using an autologous LTH graft in pancreaticobiliary malignancy patients. METHODS: In 107 patients, the post-dilated length and diameter in resected LTH specimens were measured. The general structure of the LTH specimens was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Collagen fibers (CFs), elastic fibers (EFs), and smooth muscle (SM) were visualized by Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, and the expression of CD34, factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIAg), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were detected using immunohistochemistry in LTH and PV (control) endothelial cells. PV and/or SMV reconstruction using the autologous LTH was conducted in 26 patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancies, and the outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The post-dilated length of LTH was 9.67 ± 1.43 cm, and the diameter at a pressure of 30 cm H2O was 12.82 ± 1.32 mm at the cranial end and 7.06 ± 1.88 mm at the caudal end. Residual cavities with smooth tunica intima covered by endothelial cells were found in HE-stained LTH specimens. The relative amounts of EFs, CFs and SM in the LTH were similar to those in the PV [EF (%): 11.23 ± 3.40 vs 11.57 ± 2.80, P = 0.62; CF (%): 33.51 ± 7.71 vs 32.11 ± 4.82, P = 0.33; SM (%): 15.61 ± 5.26 vs 16.74 ± 4.83, P = 0.32]. CD34, FVIIIAg, eNOS, and t-PA were expressed in both LTH and PV endothelial cells. The PV and/or SMV reconstructions were successfully completed in all patients. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.46% and 7.69%, respectively. There were no graft-related complications. The postoperative vein stenosis rates at 2 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo and 1 year were 7.69%, 11.54%, 15.38% and 19.23%, respectively. In all 5 patients affected, the degree of vascular stenosis was less than half of the reconstructed vein lumen diameter (mild stenosis), and the vessels remained patent. CONCLUSION: The anatomical and histological characteristics of LTH were similar to the PV and SMV. As such, the LTH can be used as an autologous graft for PV and/or SMV reconstruction in pancreaticobiliary malignancy patients who require PV and/or SMV resection.

Improvement of inflammatory response and gastrointestinal function in perioperative of cholelithiasis by Modified Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction.

BACKGROUND: In the perioperative period of biliary surgery, various factors can induce the release of a large number of inflammatory factors, leading to an imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and resulting in gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols in biliary surgery have been shown to reduce the stress response and accelerate postoperative recovery. It is crucial to reduce the inflammatory response and promote the recovery of GI function after biliary surgery, both of which are the basis and key for perioperative care and postoperative recovery. AIM: To better understand the effects of Modified Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction (MXD) on inflammatory response and GI function in the perioperative management of cholelithiasis and their correlation. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial, in which 162 patients who received biliary tract surgery were randomly assigned to three groups: MXD group, XD group, and placebo-control group. The observed parameters included frequency of bowel sounds, time of first flatus and defecation, time of diet, and amount of activity after surgery. The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and substance P were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, the spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the indicators of GI function and inflammation. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo-control, improvements in GI function were observed in the MXD groups including reduced incidence of nausea, vomiting, and bloating; and earlier first exhaust time, first defecation time, and feeding time after surgery (P < 0.05). On the 1st and 2nd d after surgery, IL-6, CRP and SAA levels in MXD group were lower than that in placebo control, but substance P level was higher, compared to the control (P < 0.05). Functional diarrhea occurred in both MXD and XD groups without any other adverse effects, toxic reactions, and allergic reactions. Diarrhea was relieved after the discontinuation of the investigational remedies. Bowel sounds at 12 h after surgery, the occurring time of the first flatus, first defecation, postoperative liquid diet and semi-liquid diet were significantly correlated with levels of IL-6, CRP, SAA and substance P on second day after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with MXD can relieve inflammatory response and improve GI function after surgery. Moreover, there are significant correlations between them. Furthermore, it does not cause serious adverse reactions.

Biodegradability and Cytocompatibility of 3D-Printed Mg-Ti Interpenetrating Phase Composites.

Orthopedic hybrid implants combining both titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) have gained wide attraction nowadays. However, it still remains a huge challenge in the fabrication of Mg-Ti composites because of the different temperatures of Ti melting point and pure Mg volatilization point. In this study, we successfully fabricated a new Mg-Ti composite with bi-continuous interpenetrating phase architecture by infiltrating Mg melt into Ti scaffolds, which were prepared by 3D printing and subsequent acid treatment. We attempted to understand the 7-day degradation process of the Mg-Ti composite and examine the different Mg2+ concentration composite impacts on the MC3T3-E1 cells, including toxicity, morphology, apoptosis, and osteogenic activity. CCK-8 results indicated cytotoxicity and absence of the Mg-Ti composite during 7-day degradation. Moreover, the composite significantly improved the morphology, reduced the apoptosis rate, and enhanced the osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. The favorable impacts might be attributed to the appropriate Mg2+ concentration of the extracts. The results on varying Mg2+ concentration tests indicated that Mg2+ showed no cell adverse effect under 10-mM concentration. The 8-mM group exhibited the best cell morphology, minimum apoptosis rate, and maximum osteogenic activity. This work may open a new perspective on the development and biomedical applications for Mg-Ti composites.

A comparison between the mechanical properties of the hepatic round ligament and the portal vein: a clinical implication on surgical reconstruction of the portal and superior mesenteric veins.

Abdominal malignant tumors originated from cancers, such as vater ampulla carcinoma (VAC) and pancreatic cancer (PC), often invades the portal vein (PV) and the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) upon metastasis. Surgical removal of these tumors leads to sacrifice of parts of these vessels that need to be reconstructed with autograft tissues. Current options for the replacement tissue all have their limitations in certain aspects. Therefore, improved interstitial material for the reconstruction with better tissue compatibility is urgently needed. In the present study, we explored the potential of hepatic round ligament (HRL) as a candidate tissue for the task from the biomechanical point of view. We reveal that HRL and PV share similar geometrical parameters in terms of vascular cavity diameter and wall thickness. In addition, they also have similar elastic properties and tissue flexibility and intensity upon increased cavity pressure. Our study strongly supports HRL as potential replacement tissue for PV reconstruction in term of mechanical properties and encourages further biological studies to be performed on these two tissues for further verification.

MiRNA-124 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cell in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating lncRNA-UCA1.

Purpose: It has been reported that miRNA-124 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, while lncRNA-UCA1 promotes HCC. The aim of this study is to find whether miRNA-124, as a tumor suppressor in HCC can inhibit lncRNA-UCA1 in HCC cell. Methods: Tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues were obtained from 66 patients diagnosed with HCC in Binzhou Medical University Hospital from January 2011 to January 2013. Cell proliferation assay, in vitro cell migration and invasion assay were applied for the research. Results: In the present study we found that miRNA-124 was downregulated, while lncRNA-UCA1 was upregulated in tumor tissues comparing to adjacent healthy tissues of HCC patients. Expression of miRNA-124 and lncRNA-UCA1 in tumor tissues were not affected by HBV or HCV infection. Analysis of followed-up data revealed that low miRNA-124 level and high lncRNA-UCA1 level were closely correlated with poor survival. Overexpression of miRNA-124 led to inhibited lncRNA-UCA1 expression in cells of HCC cell lines, while overexpression of lncRNA-UCA1 failed to significantly affect miRNA-124 expression. Expression levels of miRNA-124 and lncRNA-UCA1 were inversely and significantly correlated in tumor tissues but not in adjacent healthy tissues. Overexpression of miRNA-124 led to inhibited, while overexpression of lncRNA-UCA1 led to increased proliferation, migration and invasion rates of HCC cell lines. In addition, lncRNA-UCA1 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of miRNA-124 overexpression on cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion: Therefore, miRNA-124 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cell in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating lncRNA-UCA1.

A giant mesenteric fibromatosis involving the muscular layer of the colon wall: A case report.

RATIONALE: Mesenteric fibromatosis (MF) is a rare tumor whose biological behavior is intermediate between benign fibrous neoplasms and fibrosarcomas, and the characteristic of these tumors are local aggressive lesions which is prone to local recurrence but non-metastasizing. The common symptom is abdominal distention or painless mass. We report a case of giant MF in abdominal cavity with abdominal distention as the main symptom. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 26-year-old male presented with 2-month history of abdominal distention, lack of appetite, and symptoms grew progressively more debilitating with time. DIAGNOSES: This patient underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan which showed a giant (37 × 25 × 13 cm), inhomogeneous enhancing, well-defined, and soft tissue density mass in abdominal cavity, possibly arising in mesocolon, which suggested a high possibility of MF. The postoperative pathology showed that the tumor cells to be positive for ß-catenin, vimentin, negative for CD34, CD117, DOG-1, S-100, Desmin, which confirmed the diagnosis of MF. INTERVENTIONS: Exploratory laparotomy was performed, which revealed a large mass involving the transverse colon wall, the root of mesocolon, and encasing the middle colic vessels and the 1st branch of jejunal arteries. The complete surgical resection was performed and the mass weighted 10 kilograms (kg). OUTCOMES: The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 9 days after surgery. Three-month, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month on follow-up after surgery, showed no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS: The MF is a very rare tumor, especially a giant tumor (10 kg) involving the muscular layer of colon wall. In addition, treatment of giant MF still remains a challenge. We consider that surgical resection with negative margins is the goal but not at the expense of damaging the function of vital organs. Specific measures should be considered based on the individual patient in order to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery programs on pancreatic surgery: A meta-analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs on postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery. METHODS: Computer searches were performed in databases (including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase) for randomized controlled trials or case-control studies describing ERAS programs in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery published between January 1995 and August 2017. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the studies' extracted data that met the inclusion criteria and performed a meta-analysis using RevMan5.3.5 software. Forest plots, demonstrating the outcomes of the ERAS group vs the control group after pancreatic surgery, and funnel plots were used to evaluate potential publication bias. RESULTS: Twenty case-control studies including 3694 patients, published between January 1995 and August 2017, were selected for the meta-analysis. This study included the ERAS group (n = 1886) and the control group (n = 1808), which adopted the traditional perioperative management. Compared to the control group, the ERAS group had lower delayed gastric emptying rates [odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.72, P < 0.00001], lower postoperative complication rates (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.45-0.72, P < 0.00001), particularly for the mild postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo I-II) (OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, P = 0.002), lower abdominal infection rates (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.90, P = 0.006), and shorter postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS) (WMD = -4.45, 95%CI: -5.99 to -2.91, P < 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences in complications, such as, postoperative pancreatic fistulas, moderate to severe complications (Clavien-Dindo III- V), mortality, readmission and unintended reoperation, in both groups. CONCLUSION: The perioperative implementation of ERAS programs in pancreatic surgery is safe and effective, can decrease postoperative complication rates, and can promote recovery for patients.