Production of Lipopeptides from Bacillus velezensis BVQ121 and Their Application in Chitosan Antibacterial Coating.

The extracellular substance of Bacillus has antibacterial effects inhibiting multiple foodborne pathogens and plays important roles in food production. This study found one Bacillus velezensis BVQ121 strain producing antibacterial lipopeptides (BVAL). After optimization of the fermentation conditions, the BVAL yield was the highest at 1.316 ± 0.03 g/L in reality with the initial pH 6.0, temperature 31 °C, and shaker speed 238 rpm when the optimal nitrogen and carbon sources were used in Landy medium for fermentation. The antibacterial components were identified as iturin, surfactin, and fengycin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. The MIC was at 2 mg/mL and MBC was at 5 mg/mL. The 6% weight ratio of nanocellulose dosage in chitosan solution could improve the tensile length and strength of the film, and the antibacterial performance was enhanced by the addition of BVAL. The addition of BVAL had no effect on the color and ductility of the film and improved its antibacterial effect. The shelf life of pigeon eggs can be extended by more than 10 days to resist bacterial infections after coating with the chitosan-nanocellulose-BVAL film solution.

Effect Analysis of Wearing an Lumbar Exoskeleton on Coordinated Activities of the Low Back Muscles Using sEMG Topographic Maps.

Lumbar exoskeleton has potential to assist in lumbar movements and thereby prevent impairment of back muscles. However, due to limitations of evaluation tools, the effect of lumbar exoskeletons on coordinated activities of back muscles is seldom investigated. This study used the surface electromyography (sEMG) topographic map based on multi-channel electrodes from low back muscles to analyze the effects. Thirteen subjects conducted two tasks, namely lifting and holding a 20kg-weight box. For each task, three different trials, not wearing exoskeleton (NoExo), wearing exoskeleton but power-off (OffExo), and wearing exoskeleton and power-on (OnExo), were randomly conducted. Root-mean-square (RMS) and median-frequency (MDF) topographic maps of the recorded sEMG were constructed. Three parameters, average pixel values, distribution of center of gravity (CoG), and entropy, were extracted from the maps to assess the muscle coordinated activities. In the lifting task, results showed the average pixel values of RMS maps for the NoExo trial were lower than those for the OffExo trial ( [Formula: see text]) but the same as those for the OnExo trial ( [Formula: see text]0.05). The distribution of CoG showed a significant difference between NoExo and OnExo trials ( [Formula: see text]). In the holding task, RMS and MDF maps' average pixel values showed significant differences between NoExo and OnExo trials ( [Formula: see text]). These findings suggest that active lumbar exoskeletons can reduce the load on low back muscles in the static holding task rather than in the dynamic lifting task. This proves sEMG topographic maps offer a new way to evaluate such effects, thereby helping improve the design of lumbar exoskeleton systems.

Impact of COVID-19 on negative body image: Evidence based on social media data.

Body experiences and conditions bear close relations to social development and human well-being. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on negative body image. Investigating a reliable relationship between COVID-19 and negative body image, we developed a dictionary of negative body image to obtain panel data on body image for 31 Chinese provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions. We compared negative body image before and after the pandemic and explored the impact of pandemic severity. The prevalence of negative body image decreased following the outbreak and remained at a relatively low level for two years. After controlling regional and temporal effects, we verified epidemic severity as an important predictor of the decline in negative body image. The findings suggest that the public is likely to accept their physical appearances during lockdown due to changes in lifestyle and the fear of mortality. This research has important implications for gaining insights into the dynamic transformation of public negative body image under the influence of catastrophic public health events.

Three New Species of Gongronella (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales) from Soil in Hainan, China Based on Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny.

The genus Gongronella is important in agriculture and industry by secreting various natural bioactive metabolites such as chitosanases and organic acids. During the most recent 8 years, a total of 14 new species have been described, remarkably enriching the diversity of this genus. In this study, we added three more new species to this valuable genus, based on a combination of morphological traits and phylogenetic information. Six strains of the genus Gongronella were isolated from soil collected in Hainan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences grouped these strains into three independent clades. According to their unique morphological characteristics, they were classified as G. multiramosa sp. nov., G. qichaensis sp. nov. and G. oleae sp. nov. The G. multiramosa was characterized by multiple branched sporangiophores and was closely related to G. pedratalhadensis. The G. qichaensis was characterized by obscure collars and closely related to G. butleri, G. hydei and G. banzhaoae. The G. oleae was characterized by the presence of oil droplets in the sporangiospores and was closely related to G. chlamydospora and G. multispora. Their descriptions and illustrations were provided, and their differences from morphological allies and phylogenetic-related species are discussed.

Double filtration plasmapheresis combined with rituximab for donor-specific antibody desensitization in haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) are a major cause of engraftment failure in patients receiving haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT). Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) avoids the unnecessary loss of plasma proteins and increases the efficiency of purification. To investigate the effectiveness of the desensitization protocol including DFPP and rituximab, we conducted a nested case-control study. Thirty-three patients who had positive DSA were desensitized by the protocol and 99 patients with negative DSA were randomly matched as control. The median DSA mean fluorescence intensity values before and after DFPP treatment were 7505.88 ± 4424.38 versus 2013.29 ± 4067.22 (p < 0.001). All patients in DSA group achieved haematopoietic reconstitution and the median neutrophils and platelets engraftment times were 13 (10-21) and 13 (10-29) days respectively. Although the cumulative incidence of II-IV aGVHD (41.4% vs. 28.1%) and 3-year moderate to severe cGVHD (16.8% vs. 7.2%) were higher in DSA cohort than in the control, no statistical significance was observed. The 3-year non-relapse mortality and the overall survival were 6.39% and 72.0%, respectively, in the DSA cohort, which were comparable to the negative control. In conclusion, DFPP and rituximab could be effectively used for desensitization and overcome the negative effects of DSA in Haplo-HSCT.

Surface polarization-induced emission and stability enhancement of CsPbX3 nanocrystals.

Recently, the polarization effect has been receiving tremendous attention, as it can result in improved stability and charge transfer efficiency of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs). However, realizing the polarization effect on CsPbX3 NCs still remains a challenge. Here, metal ions with small radii (such as Mg2+, Li+, Ni2+, etc.) are introduced on the surface of CsPbX3 NCs, which facilitate the arising of electric dipole and surface polarization. The surface polarization effect promotes redistribution of the surface electron density, leading to reinforced surface ligand bonding, reduced surface defects, near unity photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and enhanced stability. Moreover, further introduction of hydroiodic acid results in the in situ formation of tert-butyl iodide (TBI), which facilitates the successful synthesis of pure iodine-based CsPbI3 NCs with high PLQY (95.3%) and stability under ambient conditions. The results of this work provide sufficient evidence to exhibit the crucial role of the surface polarization effect, which promotes the synthesis of high-quality MHPs and their applications in the fields of optoelectronic devices.

Inappropriate treatment response to DMARDs: A pathway to difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis.

In recent years, difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) has attracted significant attention from rheumatologists due to its poor treatment response and the persistent symptoms or signs experienced by patients. The therapeutic demands of patients with D2T RA are not properly met due to unclear pathogenic causes and a lack of high-quality data for current treatment options, creating considerable management difficulties with this patient population. This review describes the clinical challenges associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and explores contributing factors associated with inappropriate response to DMARDs that may lead to D2T RA and related immunological dysregulation. It is now understood that D2T RA is a highly heterogeneous pathological status that involves multiple factors. These factors include but are not limited to genetics, environment, immunogenicity, comorbidities, adverse drug reactions, inappropriate drug application, poor adherence, and socioeconomic status. Besides, these factors may manifest in the selection and utilization of specific DMARDs, either individually or in combination, thereby contributing to inadequate treatment response. Finding these variables may offer hints for enhancing DMARD therapy plans and bettering the condition of D2T RA patients.

Identification of cell death-related biomarkers and immune infiltration in ischemic stroke between male and female patients.

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the most prevalent. A substantial number of irreversible brain cell death occur in the short term, leading to impairment or death in IS. Limiting the loss of brain cells is the primary therapy target and a significant clinical issue for IS therapy. Our study aims to establish the gender specificity pattern from immune cell infiltration and four kinds of cell-death perspectives to improve IS diagnosis and therapy. Methods: Combining and standardizing two IS datasets (GSE16561 and GSE22255) from the GEO database, we used the CIBERSORT algorithm to investigate and compare the immune cell infiltration in different groups and genders. Then, ferroptosis-related differently expressed genes (FRDEGs), pyroptosis-related DEGs (PRDEGs), anoikis-related DEGs (ARDEGs), and cuproptosis-related DEGs (CRDEGs) between the IS patient group and the healthy control group were identified in men and women, respectively. Machine learning (ML) was finally used to generate the disease prediction model for cell death-related DEGs (CDRDEGs) and to screen biomarkers related to cell death involved in IS. Results: Significant changes were observed in 4 types of immune cells in male IS patients and 10 types in female IS patients compared with healthy controls. In total, 10 FRDEGs, 11 PRDEGs, 3 ARDEGs, and 1 CRDEG were present in male IS patients, while 6 FRDEGs, 16 PRDEGs, 4 ARDEGs, and 1 CRDEG existed in female IS patients. ML techniques indicated that the best diagnostic model for both male and female patients was the support vector machine (SVM) for CDRDEG genes. SVM's feature importance analysis demonstrated that SLC2A3, MMP9, C5AR1, ACSL1, and NLRP3 were the top five feature-important CDRDEGs in male IS patients. Meanwhile, the PDK4, SCL40A1, FAR1, CD163, and CD96 displayed their overwhelming influence on female IS patients. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better knowledge of immune cell infiltration and their corresponding molecular mechanisms of cell death and offer distinct clinically relevant biological targets for IS patients of different genders.

Investigation of incidence and geographic distribution of gliomas in Canada from 1992 to 2010: a national population-based study highlighting the importance of exposure to airport operations.

Background: Gliomas account for over two-thirds of all malignant brain tumors and have few established risk factors beyond family history and exposure to ionizing radiation. Importantly, recent studies highlighted the exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) as a putative risk factor for malignant brain tumors. Methods: Clinical and geographic data encompassing all provinces and territories from 1992 to 2010 was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and Le Registre Québécois du Cancer. Linear regression and joinpoint analyses were performed to assess incidence trends. Significantly higher and lower incidence postal codes were then interrogated using Standard Industrial Classification codes to detect significant industrial activity. Results: In Canada, between 1992 and 2010, there were ~32,360 cases of glioma. Of these, 17,115 (52.9%) were glioblastoma. The overall crude incidence rates of 5.45 and 2.87 cases per 100,000 individuals per year for gliomas and glioblastomas, respectively, were identified. Our findings further revealed increasing crude incidence of gliomas/glioblastomas over time. A male predominance was observed. Provinces leading in glioma incidence included Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Significantly lower crude incidence of glioma was found in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Alberta. A putative regional clustering of gliomas was observed, with higher incidence rates in postal code areas correlating with industrial activity related to airport operations. Conclusion: This study describes the geographic distribution of the glioma disease burden and, potentially, identifies industrial activity related to airport operations as potentially being associated with higher incidence of this cancer.

Determining the Potential Roles of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in the Regulation of Muscle Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Based on Transcriptome and MicroRNA Sequencing.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can be critically involved in skeletal muscle growth and body energy homeostasis. Skeletal muscle growth is a complex process; some muscle-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of muscle thickening and muscle mass. Additionally, the regulatory network between miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in the modulation of the role of BCAAs on skeletal muscle growth in fish has not been studied. In this study, common carp was starved for 14 days, followed by a 14-day gavage therapy with BCAAs, to investigate some of the miRNAs and genes that contribute to the regulation of normal growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle in response to short-term BCAA starvation stress. Subsequently, the transcriptome and small RNAome sequencing of carp skeletal muscle were performed. A total of 43,414 known and 1,112 novel genes were identified, in addition to 142 known and 654 novel miRNAs targeting 22,008 and 33,824 targets, respectively. Based on their expression profiles, 2,146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 84 differentially expressed miRNA (DEMs) were evaluated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways, including the proteasome, phagosome, autophagy in animals, proteasome activator complex, and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, were enriched for these DEGs and DEMs. Our findings revealed the role of atg5, map1lc3c, ctsl, cdc53, psma6, psme2, myl9, and mylk in skeletal muscle growth, protein synthesis, and catabolic metabolism. Furthermore, miR-135c, miR-192, miR-194, and miR-203a may play key roles in maintaining the normal activities of the organism by regulating genes related to muscle growth, protein synthesis, and catabolism. This study on transcriptome and miRNA reveals the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of muscle protein deposition and provides new insights into genetic engineering techniques to improve common carp muscle development.

Professional Identity and Career Adaptability among Chinese Engineering Students: The Mediating Role of Learning Engagement.

Due to the rapid development of science and technology, economic development has changed dramatically, resulting in the transformation of career characteristics. Individuals need to convey a higher career adaptability than ever before in order to face the rapid changes brought by development. Especially for college students in the critical period of career development, having good career adaptability is of great significance to their future career choice and development. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 692 engineering undergraduates at a top engineering university in China and used the data to investigate the relationship between the professional identity (professional interest, professional strength, career prospects, and professional satisfaction) and career adaptability of college students, as well as to discuss the mediating role of learning engagement in the relationship between professional identity and career adaptability. The results of the correlation analysis showed that professional identity was positively correlated with career adaptability. The mediation effect model indicated that learning engagement played a mediating role in the relationship between the professional identity and career adaptability of Chinese college students. In other words, professional identity had a direct positive impact on career adaptability, while professional identity, mediated by learning engagement, had a positive impact on career adaptability. The study recommends that colleges provide students with a more conducive academic environment and more opportunities for career practice. We also encourage educators to provide more emotional support and identity for students to enhance students' career adaptability by creating a favorable academic and emotional atmosphere.

Trajectories of college students' general self-efficacy, the related predictors, and depression: A piecewise growth mixture modeling approach.

General self-efficacy plays a critical role in the development of college students, and mastering the development of students' general self-efficacy is helpful to explain students' behavior and psychological performance. Based on the data from the same cohort of college students for four consecutive years, this study used the piecewise growth mixture model to identify the developmental trajectories of general self-efficacy, built a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the related predictors on different trajectories, and further compared the differences in depression symptoms in general self-efficacy trajectories. Three trajectories of college students' general self-efficacy were identified: stable-rising (8.7%), stable-decreasing (2.4%), and moderate and stable (88.9%). With the moderate and stable class as the reference, gender and extraversion are the predictors of students in the stable-increasing class; gender, extraversion, mother's education level, and university tier significantly predict students who fall into the stable-decreasing class. With the stable-increasing class as the reference, gender also has a significant predictive effect on students who belong to the stable-decreasing class. However, age, ethnicity, siblings, hometown location, father's education level, BMI, sleep, and major were not related predictors. Furthermore, mean differences in depression between latent classes of general self-efficacy trajectories were significant, and the depression scores of the stable-decreasing class were beyond the normal range in the third and fourth years. To promote college students' mental health, we suggest that colleges provide more specific psychological interventions to students based on the classification.

Effects of total daily light integral from blue and broad-band red LEDs on flowering of saffron (Crocus sativus L.).

Present indoor cultivation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) only depends on artificial planting experience, so that flower number and stigma yield are seriously affected in case of cloudy or rainy days and temperature changes. In this study, a luminaire was used at 10-h photoperiod combined 450 nm blue LEDs with 660 nm broad-band red LEDs, which respectively had full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15 nm and 85 nm, in a ratio of blue: red: far-red light = 20%: 62%: 18%. The influence of total daily light integral (TDLI) was evaluated on flowering characteristics, stigma quality, as well as leaf morphological characteristics. The results showed that flower number, daily flowering proportion, stigma dry weight and crocetin esters content were significantly correlated with TDLI (P < 0.01). The increasing TDLI could slightly promote leaf width and leaf area beyond buds, but had no significant effect on bud length and leaf length. Both the average flower number per corm and dried stigma yield was the highest under the 150 mol m-2 TDLI treatment, up to 3.63 and 24.19 mg respectively. The former was 0.7 more than that under original natural light treatment, while the later was 50% higher. Totaling, combining blue LEDs with a broad-band red LEDs of the 150 mol m-2 TDLI was the most favorable condition for flower number and stigma quality of saffron in this study.

Dipicolinic acid enhances kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by promoting phenolics accumulation.

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, which reduce crop production and quality. In this study, dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is one of the main components of Bacillus spores, was evaluated as a new elicitor to enhance kiwifruit resistance to B. cinerea. RESULTS: DPA enhances antioxidant capacity and induces the accumulation of phenolics in B. cinerea-infected 'Xuxiang' kiwifruit. The contents of the main antifungal phenolics in kiwifruit, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isoferulic acid, increased after DPA treatment. DPA enhanced H2 O2 levels after 0 and 1 days, which promoted catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, reducing long-term H2 O2 levels. DPA promoted the up-regulation of several kiwifruit defense genes, including CERK1, MPK3, PR1-1, PR1-2, PR5-1 and PR5-2. Furthermore, DPA at 5 mM inhibited B. cinerea symptoms in kiwifruit (95.1% lesion length inhibition) more effectively than the commercial fungicides carbendazim, difenoconazole, prochloraz and thiram. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant properties of DPA and the main antifungal phenolics of kiwifruit were examined for the first time. This study uncovers new insights regarding the potential mechanisms used by Bacillus species to induce disease resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Assessment of the therapeutic potential of probiotics against carbon quantum dots-induced neurotoxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have received increasing attention in recent years for their potential toxicity. However, little is known about their neurobehavioral toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which probiotics reduce CQDs neurotoxicity from a brain-gut axis perspective by exposing carp to CQDs and/or probiotics for five weeks. The results showed that CQDs accumulation in the brain reduces the expression of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) related genes in carp, leading to brain damage. In addition, CQDs impaired motor behavior and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity. These abnormalities were alleviated by probiotic supplementation. Microbiomic analysis showed that probiotics improved the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by CQDs and increased the abundance of Firmicutes. Serum metabolomic analysis showed that probiotic supplementation restored the abnormal metabolic levels associated with neurological, inflammatory, and apoptotic cell death caused by CQDs. Overall, probiotic supplementation improved the CQDs-induced changes in brain damage, gut microbiology, and systemic metabolism. These results suggests that CQDs may cause neurotoxicity via the brain-gut microbial axis.

Dyeing Properties, Color Gamut, and Color Evaluation of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Amur Cork Tree Bark).

The application of plant dyes in the textile industry has been very limited due to their limited sources, incomplete color space, and narrow color gamut, etc. Therefore, studies of the color properties and color gamut of natural dyes and the corresponding dyeing processes are essential for completing the color space of natural dyes and their application. In this study, water extract from the bark of Phellodendron amurense (P. amurense) was used as a dye. Dyeing properties, color gamut, and color evaluation of dyed cotton fabrics were studied, and optimal dyeing conditions were obtained. The results showed that the optimal dyeing process was pre-mordanting with liquor ratio at 1:50, P. amurense dye concentration at 5.2 g/L, mordant concentration (aluminum potassium sulfate) at 5 g/L, dyeing temperature at 70 °C, dyeing time of 30 min, mordanting time of 15 min, and pH 5. Through the optimization of the dyeing process, a maximum color gamut range was obtained with lightness L* value from 74.33 to 91.23, a* value from -0.89 to 2.96, b* value from 4.62 to 34.08, chroma C* value from 5.49 to 34.09, and hue angle h° value from 57.35° to 91.57°. Colors from light yellow to dark yellow were obtained, among which 12 colors were identified according to the Pantone Matching Systems. The color fastness against soap-washing, rubbing, and sunlight on the dyed cotton fabrics all reached grade 3 level or above, further expanding the applicability of natural dyes.

Analysis of the differential expression and prognostic relationship of DEGs in AML based on TCGA database.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and lethal hematological malignant hyperplastic disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells. The purpose of this study is to obtain the key differentially expressed gene (DEG) related to the survival of AML by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and to verify these genes by a clinical follow-up investigation, in order to identify valuable predictive and prognostic biomarkers for early diagnosis of AML and predict the survival rates. METHODS: The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and clinical information of TCGA-LAML were downloaded from the TCGA database. After that we (1) screened the survival-related DEGs by Cox regression analysis, (2) selected the cytogenetics risk-related DEGs by DESeq2 R package, and (3) filtrated the genes in the top10 pathways of up-regulated and down-regulated of Normalization Enrichment Score (NES) by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, we focused the intersectional genes of above three parts as the key gene of the present study. The following Multivariate.

Photoelectric and Self-Assembly Properties of Tetrasubstituted Pyrene Discotic Derivatives.

To investigate the self-assembly behavior of π-conjugated ethynyl-pyrene discotic derivatives, a series of ethynyl-pyrene discotic materials were designed and synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction. The π-conjugated structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The optical properties of the discotic materials were examined by UV/Vis spectra and fluorescence emission spectra. The band gap of each compound was calculated by cyclic voltammetry with UV/Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, the substituted groups in the four symmetrical positions did affect the self-assembly properties of as-resulted nano/micro structures. Under the same conditions, compounds 4a-4d could be self-assembled into different morphologies such as micro-tubes (for 4a), micro-wires (for 4b and 4c), and micro-grain crystals (for 4d). All of the results indicated that the discotic materials have the potential for optoelectronic applications.

A biomimetic adhesive with high adhesion strength and toughness comprising soybean meal, chitosan, and condensed tannin-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets.

Soybean meal (SM)-based adhesive can solve the issues of formaldehyde emission and over-reliance of aldehyde-based resins but suffers from poor water resistance, weak adhesion strength, and high brittleness. Herein, a high-performance adhesive inspired by lobster cuticular sclerotization was developed using catechol-rich condensed tannin-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (CT@BNNSs), amino-containing chitosan (CS), and SM (CT@BNNSs/CS/SM). The oxidative crosslinking between the catechol and amino, initiated by oxygen at high temperatures, formed a strengthened and water-resistant interior network. These strong intermolecular interactions induced by phenol-amine synergy accompanied by the reinforcement of uniformly dispersed BNNSs improved the load transfer and energy dissipation capacity, endowing the adhesive with great cohesion strength. Given these synergistic effects, the biomimetic CT@BNNSs/CS/SM adhesive caused noticeable improvements in water tolerance, mechanical strength, and toughness over the neat SM adhesive, e.g., enhanced wet shear strength (1.46 vs. 0.66 MPa, respectively), boiling water shear strength (0.92 vs. 0.43 MPa, respectively), and debonding work (0.368 vs. 0.113 J, respectively). Thus, this study provided a green and low-cost bionic strategy for the preparation of high-performance biomass adhesives.

Epigenome-wide gene-age interaction study reveals reversed effects of MORN1 DNA methylation on survival between young and elderly oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

DNA methylation serves as a reversible and prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. It is unclear whether the effect of DNA methylation on OSCC overall survival varies with age. As a result, we performed a two-phase gene-age interaction study of OSCC prognosis on an epigenome-wide scale using the Cox proportional hazards model. We identified one CpG probe, cg11676291 MORN1 , whose effect was significantly modified by age (HRdiscovery = 1.018, p = 4.07 × 10-07, FDR-q = 3.67 × 10-02; HRvalidation = 1.058, p = 8.09 × 10-03; HR combined = 1.019, p = 7.36 × 10-10). Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between hypomethylation of cg11676291 MORN1 and age (HRinteraction = 0.284; 95% CI, 0.135-0.597; p = 9.04 × 10-04). The prognosis of OSCC patients was well discriminated by the prognostic score incorporating cg11676291 MORN1 -age interaction (HR high vs. low = 3.66, 95% CI: 2.40-5.60, p = 1.93 × 10-09). By adding 24 significant gene-age interactions using a looser criterion, we significantly improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the model at 3- and 5-year prognostic prediction (AUC3-year = 0.80, AUC5-year = 0.79, C-index = 0.75). Our study identified a significant interaction between cg11676291 MORN1 and age on OSCC survival, providing a potential therapeutic target for OSCC patients.