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Objective To report a case of synovial sarcoma of the liver and review the literature for improving the understanding of the disease.Methods The clinical data of a patient with liver synovial sarcoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging,pathological features,treatment and prognosis of this disease were summarized by searching the database(CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,untill July 2022)and the literature results analyzed comprehensively.Results The patient was a 71-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain.Computed tomography(CT)scan showed a mass with mixed density in the right lobe and caudate lobe of the liver.The large cross section size was about 115 mm×87 mm and the mass showed continuous heterogeneous enhancement,being considered as malignant hepatic tumors with multiple metastasis of the liver and lung.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was performed,and microscopy showed the tumor cells were obvious atypical,and some were spindle-shaped.Immunohistochemistry showed that the patient was positive for vimentin(VIM),epithelial membrane antigen(EMA),methylation of histone at lysine 27(H3K27Me3),and negative for pan cytokeratin(CK-pan)and S-100,and pathological diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made.The patient did not undergo subsequent treatment and was lost to follow-up after discharge.A total of 12 cases of hepatic synovial sarcoma were reported after searching the database.The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain or distention.The lesions were mostly located in the right lobe of the liver,usually large,heterogeneous density,and heterogeneous enhancement on enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Spindle-shaped cells were found at histopathologic examination.Immunohistochemistry showed the patient was positive for VIM,EMA,H3K27Me,B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2(BCL-2)and transducer-like enhancer of split 1(TLE1).SS18-SSX fusion gene or SS18 gene isolation were detected.Eleven patients received surgical treatment,5 received adjuvant chemotherapy,and 4 had recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period.Conclusions Synovial sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor of the liver.The clinical and imaging features are not specific.The diagnosis depends on pathology.At present,the main treatment is surgery,and comprehensive treatment such as adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed.The prognosis of the patient is poor.
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Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features and gene mutations of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach and intestine and the prognosis of intermediate- and high-risk GISTs. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data of patients with GISTs admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019 were collected retrospectively. Patients with primary gastric or intestinal disease who had undergone endoscopic or surgical resection of the primary lesion and were confirmed pathologically as GIST were included. Patients treated with targeted therapy preoperatively were excluded. The above criteria were met by 1061 patients with primary GISTs, 794 of whom had gastric GISTs and 267 intestinal GISTs. Genetic testing had been performed in 360 of these patients since implementation of Sanger sequencing in our hospital in October 2014. Gene mutations in KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 were detected by Sanger sequencing. The factors investigated in this study included: (1) clinicopathological data, such as sex, age, primary tumor location, maximum tumor diameter, histological type, mitotic index (/5 mm2), and risk classification; (2) gene mutation; (3) follow-up, survival, and postoperative treatment; and (4) prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for intermediate- and high-risk GIST. Results: (1) Clinicopathological features: The median ages of patients with primary gastric and intestinal GIST were 61 (8-85) years and 60 (26-80) years, respectively; The median maximum tumor diameters were 4.0 (0.3-32.0) cm and 6.0 (0.3-35.0) cm, respectively; The median mitotic indexes were 3 (0-113)/5 mm² and 3 (0-50)/5 mm², respectively; The median Ki-67 proliferation indexes were 5% (1%-80%) and 5% (1%-50%), respectively. The rates of positivity for CD117, DOG-1, and CD34 were 99.7% (792/794), 99.9% (731/732), 95.6% (753/788), and 100.0% (267/267), 100.0% (238/238), 61.5% (163/265), respectively. There were higher proportions of male patients (χ²=6.390, P=0.011), tumors of maximum diameter > 5.0 cm (χ²=33.593, P<0.001), high-risk (χ²=94.957, P<0.001), and CD34-negativity (χ²=203.138, P<0.001) among patients with intestinal GISTs than among those with gastric GISTs. (2) Gene mutations: Gene mutations were investigated in 286/360 patients (79.4%) with primary gastric GISTs and 74/360 (20.6%) with primary intestinal GISTs. Among the 286 patients with gastric primary GISTs, 79.4% (227/286), 8.4% (24/286), and 12.2% (35/286), had KIT mutations, PDGFRA mutations, and wild-type, respectively. Among the 74 patients with primary intestinal GISTs, 85.1% (63/74) had KIT mutations and 14.9% (11/74) were wild-type. The PDGFRA mutation rate was lower in patients with intestinal GISTs than in those with gastric GISTs[ 0% vs. 8.4%(24/286), χ²=6.770, P=0.034], whereas KIT exon 9 mutations occurred more often in those with intestinal GISTs [22.2% (14/63) vs. 1.8% (4/227), P<0.001]. There were no significant differences between gastric and intestinal GISTs in the rates of KIT exon 11 mutation type and KIT exon 11 deletion mutation type (both P>0.05). (3) Follow-up, survival, and postoperative treatment: After excluding 228 patients with synchronous and metachronous other malignant tumors, the remaining 833 patients were followed up for 6-124 (median 53) months with a follow-up rate of 88.6% (738/833). None of the patients with very low or low-risk gastric (n=239) or intestinal GISTs (n=56) had received targeted therapy postoperatively. Among 179 patients with moderate-risk GISTs, postoperative targeted therapy had been administered to 88/155 with gastric and 11/24 with intestinal GISTs. Among 264 patients with high-risk GISTs, postoperative targeted therapy had been administered to 106/153 with gastric and 62/111 with intestinal GISTs. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year PFS of patients with gastric or intestinal GISTs were 96.5%, 93.8%, and 87.6% and 85.7%, 80.1% and 63.3%, respectively (P<0.001). The 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 99.2%, 98.8%, 97.5% and 94.8%, 92.1%, 85.0%, respectively (P<0.001). (4) Analysis of predictors of intermediate- and high-risk GISTs: The 5-year PFS of patients with gastric and intestinal GISTs were 89.5% and 73.2%, respectively (P<0.001); The 5-year OS were 97.9% and 89.3%, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that high risk (HR=2.918, 95%CI: 1.076-7.911, P=0.035) and Ki-67 proliferation index > 5% (HR=2.778, 95%CI: 1.389-5.558, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for PFS in patients with intermediate- and high-risk GISTs (both P<0.05). Intestinal GISTs (HR=3.485, 95%CI: 1.407-8.634, P=0.007) and high risk (HR=3.753,95%CI:1.079-13.056, P=0.038) were independent risk factors for OS in patients with intermediate- and high-risk GISTs (both P<0.05). Postoperative targeted therapy was independent protective factor for PFS and OS (HR=0.103, 95%CI: 0.049-0.213, P<0.001; HR=0.210, 95%CI:0.078-0.564,P=0.002). Conclusions: Primary intestinal GIST behaves more aggressively than gastric GISTs and more frequently progress after surgery. Moreover, CD34 negativity and KIT exon 9 mutations occur more frequently in patients with intestinal GISTs than in those with gastric GISTs.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Ki-67 Antigen , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , Mutation , Intestines/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics , Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/geneticsABSTRACT
Cystoderma comprises the species with heavily universal veil remnants on basidiomes, weakly to strongly amyloid basidiospores, evanescent floccose-scaly ring zone or persistent membranous ring, which were often encountered in forests and grassland. However, they were less studied than other mushroom groups mainly because of its unclearly phylogenetic position. In this study, we gathered 16 specimens from Southwest and Northwest China, where were the richest biodiversity areas in China, and produced their ITS and nrLSU sequences. The related morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analysis showed they belonged to eight species, of which four were new species, and named as Cystoderma lilaceum, C. pseudoamianthinum, C. rugosolateritium, C. subglobisporum, and of which two were new records from China, and they were C. granosum, C. subvinaceum. New species and new records were described in details and discussed with other species. This study not only showed the novel geographical distributions as well as high species diversity of Cystoderma in China, but also provided more research data for the further studies in mushrooms systematics.
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Drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) has become an important clinical research topic, and the occurrence of acquired long QT syndrome (acLQTS) is mainly caused by drug inhibition of the human ether-α-go-go related gene (hERG) channel. The hERG gene encodes the α subunit of the fast-activating delayed rectifying potassium ion channel (Ikr), which plays an important role in the process of action potential phase 3 repolarization and is also the target of most antiarrhythmic drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroxyrutaecarpine (HRU) on the hERG channel and to evaluate its cardiotoxicity. The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to detect the effects of HRU on the current and kinetics of the hERG channel, and to confirm the binding site on the hERG channel. PCR was used to determine the effect of HRU on hERG mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the effects of HRU on the expression of hERG protein and transcription factor Sp1. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the effects of HRU on localization and expression of hERG protein and transcription factor Sp1. Studies have shown that transient HRU can inhibit hERG current and shorten the inactivation time constant. Its binding sites to the hERG channel are F656 and Y652. After incubation for 24 h, HRU can reduce the expression of hERG protein, inhibit the hERG current, reduce the level of hERG mRNA, and reduce the expression of transcription factor Sp1 in the nucleus and hERG protein in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence experiments also showed the same results suggesting that the inhibition of Sp1 expression by HRU is the cause of the decreased expression of hERG mRNA. In conclusion, the acute inhibition of HRU accelerates the channel inactivation process and reduces the inactivation time constant by binding to the F656 and Y652 sites in the hERG channel, thus reducing the hERG current. In addition, HRU also inhibits the expression of hERG protein, mainly by inhibiting the expression of transcription factor Sp1, the transcription function of hERG channel protein is down-regulated, so that the hERG protein is reduced.
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Fibrosis can occur in nearly all organs of the body and is an outcome of many chronic diseases. As inflammation leads to necrosis of parenchymal cells, excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) occur in tissues and organs, which may cause structural damage and loss of function of organs in the case of continuous progression. Chinese medicine has definite effect on fibrosis and prescriptions with effects of replenishing Qi and activating blood, such as Buyang Huanwutang, are frequently used in clinical settings. Clinical research and experiments show that Buyang Huanwutang can delay the progression of fibrosis in multiple organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney by improving organ function, reducing ECM deposition, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response, regulating the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and modulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. According to traditional Chinese medicine, healthy Qi deficiency is the internal cause of fibrosis, and blood stasis is an important pathological factor in the formation of fibrosis. Moreover, deficiency and stasis exist in the whole process of fibrosis and the changes of microenvironment of fibrotic organs and tissues accord with the pathological manifestations of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. This article reviews the anti-fibrosis mechanism of Buyang Huanwutang in multiple organs, which provides a science-based explanation for the treatment of fibrosis by Buyang Huanwutang and lays a foundation for further clinical research.
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OBJECTIVE@#To understand the temporal trend of and the factors affecting depressive symptoms in Chinese menopausal women to provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.@*METHODS@#CHARLS data were used to select menopausal women aged 45-60 years. Complete values of the key variables were screened and missing values were removed to obtain the cross-sectional data of the years 2011 (n=4318), 2013 (n=4200), 2015 (n=3930), and 2018 (n= 4147). The panel data were matched by the cross-sectional data, and a total of 5040 cases with complete record of the follow-up data were obtained for the 4 years to constitute a balanced short panel dataset with n=1260 and T=4. The prevalence and temporal trend of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women were analyzed based on the panel data. The random-effects Logit model with a panel dichotomous choice model was used to explore the factors affecting depressive symptoms in the menopausal women.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women calculated based on the panel data was 35.9%, 33.1%, 36.7% and 43.7% in the 4 years, respectively, showing no statistically significant changes in the temporal trend (APC=3.25%, P=0.183). The results of the random-effects Logit model analysis showed that living in the urban area (OR=0.570, 95%CI: 0.457-0.710), a high education level (OR=0.759, 95%CI: 0.655-0.879), and having a spouse (OR=0.363, 95% CI: 0.236-0.558) were associated with a decreased incidence of depressive symptoms, while poor self-reported health (OR= 2.704, 95% CI: 2.152-3.396), disability (OR=1.457, 95%CI: 1.087-1.954), chronic disease (OR=1.407, 95% CI: 1.179-1.680), falls in the last two years (OR=2.028, 95% CI: 1.613-2.550), abnormal sleep duration (OR=2.249, 95% CI: 1.896-2.664), and dissatisfaction with life (OR=4.803, 95% CI: 3.757-6.140) were associated with an increased incidence of depressive symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high in menopausal women in China. Measures should be taken to ensure that the menopausal women living in rural areas, with low education level, without spouse, with a poor self-reported health status, disability, chronic diseases, falls in recent two years, abnormal sleep time and dissatisfaction with life have access to psychological health care services and interventions.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , China/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/psychology , Hot Flashes/psychology , Menopause/psychologyABSTRACT
The theory of generation and restriction among five elements, as one of the basic theories in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), reveals that treating disease should focus on the root. Since its first record in Huangdi's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing), this theory has been covered in many chapters of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber (Jin Gui Yao Lue) and further developed by physicians of later generations, allowing it to serve as a guide for clinical treatment of various diseases. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and also a main risk factor for death and disability by virtue of the long-term disease course and complex symptoms. At present, no specific drug is available in western medicine. Considering the close relationship of its complicated etiology and pathogenesis with the five zang organs, DN treatment should focus not only on the kidney, but also other zang organs. Guided by the theory of generation and restriction among five elements, this article believes that DN mainly results from kidney deficiency combined with spleen deficiency and its dysfunction in regulating the water passage. In addition, the exuberance of heart fire and the failure of liver to govern the free flow of Qi are also responsible for the occurrence of DN. Clinically, the therapeutic methods proposed based on theory of generation and restriction among five elements are recommended for DN treatment after the differentiation of actual manifestations into specific syndromes. Specifically, the method of replenishing Huo to nourish Tu is applicable to DN patients with spleen and kidney yang deficiency, the method of nourishing Shui to moisten Mu to those with liver and kidney yin deficiency, the method of mutual generation between Jin and Shui to those with lung and kidney yin deficiency, the method of banking up Tu to generate Jin to those with lung and spleen Qi deficiency, the method of purging the heart and tonifying the kidney to those with non-interaction between heart and kidney, and the method of banking up Tu to control Shui to those with spleen deficiency and fluid retention. Such timely and effective interventions are conducive to delaying the development of DN to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and improving the clinical outcomes. This article discusses the application of the theory of generation and restriction among five elements in TCM to DN treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the future application of such new diagnosis and treatment ideas.
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Overtaking lung cancer,breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer seriously threatening people's health and life. As the main effective component of Tripterygium wilfordii,triptolide( TP) has attracted increasing attention due to its multitarget and multi-pathway anti-tumor activity. Recent studies have revealed that breast cancer-sensitive TP enables the inactivation of breast cancer cells by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy,interfering in tumor cell metastasis,resisting drug resistance,arresting tumor cell cycle,and influencing tumor microenvironment. It has been recognized as a promising clinical antitumor agent by virtue of its widely accepted therapeutic efficacy. This paper reviewed the anti-breast cancer action and its molecular mechanisms of TP on the basis of the relevant literature in the past ten years,and proposed application strategies in view of the inadequacy of TP to provide a reference for further research on the application of TP in the treatment of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Epoxy Compounds , Phenanthrenes , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
Aim To explore whether Huaqizeren, an experienced prescription for the treatment of IR, could improve IR by interfering with KDSR expressionfrom the perspective of KDSR gene. Methods The KDSR gene was overexpressed in normal HepG2 cells, and the IR cell model was established at the same time. The expression level of KDSR was detected by QRT PCR and Western blot; the content of ceramide was detected by HPLC-MS; the expression level of KDSR was detected by Western blot. The phosphorylation level of PKC£/Akt/Fox01 was detected by Western blot, and the glucose content was detected by GOD-POD assay before and after administration. Results After administration, the expression level of KDSR and ceramide in IR cells and KDSR overexpression cells significantly decreased, and the abnormal expression of PKC£/Akt/ FoxOl signaling pathway was improved. Meanwhile, the glucose content in IR cells and KDSR overexpres-sion cells significantly decreased after administration, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0. 01). Conclusions One of the mechanisms of Huaqizeren in improving IR may be down-regulating the expression of KDSR, decreasing the content of ceramide , and then regulating the expression of key proteins in PKC£/Akt/Fox01 signaling pathway, thus reducing the glucose content in cells and improving IR.
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In recent years, multi-modal combined anti-tumor has become an effective strategy for clinical tumor treatment. Photothermal therapy with its characteristics of minimally invasive, controllable, high efficiency, and strong specificity, can effectively make up for the toxic side effects and tumor resistance caused by traditional drug treatment. The research shows that the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy has better synergistic antitumor effect. However, chemotherapeutic drugs and photothermal agents may have different pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo, so it is difficult to ensure their effective transmission in tumor site, and the free form is easy to be metabolized and degraded in vivo. How to deliver the two therapeutic modes of drugs / photothermal reagents to tumor tissues in a specific, efficient and synchronous manner to achieve the best combined antitumor effect is an important problem to be solved in the combined antitumor application. The development of nano-drug delivery technology provides a new idea for the application of tumor treatment. In this paper, combined with the latest research progress in this field, the anti-tumor mechanism of photothermal therapy combined with chemotherapy, the advantages of nano drug delivery, the types and characteristics of commonly used nano materials and the principle of drug delivery are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the further development of multi-mode combined treatment of tumor.
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Objective Pulmonary function testing is a commonly used indicator for clinical evaluation of the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in patients. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic changes of lung function in mice with pulmonary fibrosis and to establish a range of reference values for lung function parameters in normal Kunming mice. Methods Twenty-eight SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=14) and model group (n=14). After anesthesia with 10% chloral hydrate, the normal control group only underwent tracheal puncture. The model group received intratracheal puncture and injection of bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg body weight), and the lung function indicators of all mice were detected in the same order on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weekends after modeling: Ti, Te, PIF, PEF, TV, EV, RT, MV, f, Penh and EF50. Results After intratracheal BLM injection, mice in the model group showed decreased hair softness and smoothness, hair loss and decreased activity after the 2nd week. Compared with the control group, Ti, Te and RT values in the model group significantly increased at week 4 (P<0.05), while the values of PEF, RT, MV, f and EF50 decreased significantly at the same week (P<0.05). Compared with the model group at week 1, the differences in Ti, Te, RT and f values at week 2, 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05); the differences in MV and EF50 values at week 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05); while the PIF values only showed differences at week 4 (P<0.001). Compared with the Penh values in the control group at week 2, 3 and 4 (0.553±0.189, 0.662±0.164, 0.712±0.189), the differences of the model group (0.820±0.205, 0.936±0.188, 1.053±0.236) showed statistical significance (P<0.001). Compared with the model group at week 1, the differences of Penh values in the model group only showed statistical significance at week 3 and 4 (P<0.05). Through four-week lung function test, various parameters were obtained, among which the normal range of the main index Penh value was 0.27-0.88. Conclusion The lung function detected by the non-invasive whole body plethysmography system was stable and reliable with good effects; the lung function in mice with the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis continued to decrease within four weeks. Penh, which reflects airway resistance, can be used for overall screening of the lung function among the test mice after two weeks of modeling.
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Acupuncturists participating in consultation and treatment of multi-disciplinary has gradually become the general trend of acupuncture. This article analyzes the data obtained by acupuncturists who participated in the diagnosis and treatment of the emergency department for 9 months, investigates the cooperation mode with emergency doctors, communication skills with emergency patients, and indications for acupuncture and emergency treatment. Besides, the experiences are summarized, and how the acupuncturists deal with the "doctor-doctor relationship" and "doctor-patient relationship" when they "enter to other disciplines" is shared and the experiences and new ideas of acupuncture in integrating with other disciplines are provided, which will help to improve the service capacity of acupuncture.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Moxibustion , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
Tumors are major chronic diseases and seriously threaten human health all over the world. How to effectively control and cure tumors is one of the most pivotal problems in the medical field. At present,surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main treatment methods. However,the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy cannot be underestimated. Therefore,it is of great practical significance to find new anti-cancer drugs with low toxicity,high efficiency and targeting to cancer cells. With the increasing incidence of tumor,the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine has increasingly become a research hotspot. Triptolide,which is a natural diterpenoid active ingredient derived from of Tripterygium wilfordii,as one of the highly active components,has anti-inflammatory,immunosuppressive,anti-tumor and other multiple effects. A large number of studies have confirmed that it has good anti-tumor activity against various tumors in vivo and in vitro. It can play an anti-tumor role by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells,inducing apoptosis of cancer cells,inducing autophagy of cancer cells,blocking the cell cycle,inhibiting the migration,invasion and metastasis of cancer cells,reversing multidrug resistance,mediating tumor immunity and inhibiting angiogenesis. On the basis of literatures,this paper reviews the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of triptolide,and analyzes the current situation of triptolide combined with other chemotherapy drugs,in order to promote deep research and better clinical application about triptolide.
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Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Diterpenes , Pharmacology , Epoxy Compounds , Pharmacology , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Phenanthrenes , Pharmacology , Tripterygium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Nowadays,the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treatment of tumors are increasingly prominent.Triptolide shows wide-spectrum and highly effective anti-tumor activity. Moreover,nano-carrier-based triptolide drug delivery system is more powerful in improving water solubility and pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug,but it is easy to cause toxic and side effects that should not be neglected on human body. Because of tumor vascular heterogeneity and PEGylation dilemma,nanoparticulate drug delivery systems need to overcome multiple physiological and pathological barriers from drug administration to functioning. It is difficult for traditional triptolide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to achieve active accumulation of nano-drug in tumor tissues and specific drug release in tumor target site solely relying on enhanced permeability and retention effect of solid tumor,limiting their application and clinical transformation in treatment of tumors. Based on the traditional nano-preparation system,the new functionalized nano-drug delivery system further enhances the nano-drug enrichment,penetration and controlled release at the tumor sites,which is of great significance in improving bioavailability,anti-tumor efficacy and reducing the side effects of drugs. In this paper,we summarized and analyzed the researches on new triptolide functionalized nano-drug delivery system from four perspectives,including tumor active targeting,tumor microenvironment response,polymer-drug conjugates,and multidrug co-delivery for tumor treatment,expecting to provide ideas for in-depth research and clinical application of triptolide and some other active anti-tumor TCM ingredients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diterpenes/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Epoxy Compounds/chemistry , Nanoparticles , Phenanthrenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of blood-brain barrier disruption on expression of AQP-4,through comparing the cell morphology and the expression of aquaporin-4(AQP-4)of cultured astrocytes in medium with and without fetal bovine serum(FBS). Methods Cerebral cortical astrocytes from female Wistar rats were cultured in serum free medium,DMEM supplement-ed with 10% FBS,and serum free medium supplemented with 10% FBS.Phase contrast microscope was used to detect the cell morphology and cell size. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were used to examine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), AQP-4 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGluR5). Results Astrocytes in serum free medium showed extensive process bearing morphology,small body and nucleus,and high refractivity.In contrast,in two kinds of 10% FBS-containing medium,astrocytes were flat with large body and nucleus,weak refractivity,as well as short process.Analysis of immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR revealed a down-regulation of GFAP and AQP-4 protein and mRNA expression in two kinds of 10% FBS-con-taining medium, compared with that in serum free medium (P<0.001), however, there was no difference in mGluR5 protein and mRNA expression(P>0.05). Conclusion FBS changed astrocyte morphology and down-regulated the expression of GFAP and AQP-4.
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The study was aimed to determine the efficacy of two pesticides in the control of aphids in Lonicera japonica, and study the applicability of pesticides in L. japonica. The number of insects was counted before and 2, 3, 7 and 10 days after the application of pesticide in the test area within different dosage groups. The method was 5-point sampling method. Five aphids on the L. japonica branches were selected, then the number of insects was recorded. The effect of the two pesticides on the control rate of aphid was more than 80% at 1 d after application. The results showed that the two pesticides had good efficacy. After 7 days and 10 days, the control effect was 100%. After 1 day of spraying, the effect of the two pesticides on the control of L. japonica aphids was more than 80%, which was higher than that of the control agent. The results showed that the two pesticides had good and fast effect. After 7 days and 10 days of spraying, the control effect was 100%. The control effect of two kinds pesticides for aphid sprayed in recommended dose on the L. japonica is good and showed no hytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aphids , Lonicera , Niacinamide , Pesticides , Pyridines , Sulfur CompoundsABSTRACT
This paper reports the residual status of forbidden and restricted pesticides of organophosphorus in Loincerae Japonicae Flos to provide reference for the risk control and the formulation of maximum residue limits of the flower. A method for the determination of residues of 23 forbidden and restricted pesticides of organophosphorus was established, and 64 collected samples were tested. Then a risk assessment based on the maximum residue limit was carried out. Results showed that the detection rate of samples was 58%. 6 of 23 pesticides were detected and the ratio was chlorpyrifos 41%, omethoate 23%, triazophos 11%, isofenphos-methyl 6.3%, methamidophos 1.6%, isocarbophos 1.6%, respectively. And the median of pesticide residues in the positive samples was chlorpyrifos 0.037 mg·kg⁻¹, omethoate 0.043 mg·kg⁻¹, triazophos 0.030 mg·kg⁻¹, isofenphos-methyl 0.18 mg·kg⁻¹, methamidophos 0.041 mg·kg⁻¹, isocarbophos 0.041 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. In the samples with pesticide residues, the residue amount of methamidophos and isocarbophos was lower than the theoretical maximum residue limit, and the residue amount of chlorpyrifos, isofenphos-methyl, triazophos were higher than it individually, while, all the residue amount of omethoate was higher than it. According to the assessment result of theoretical maximum residue limit, it is suggested that relevant departments should accelerate the formulation of the maximum residue limit standard, and strengthen the supervision of the use of forbidden and restricted pesticides of organophosphorus in Loincerae Japonicae Flos.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the interactions between hemoglobin (Hb) and other proteins within human erythrocytes by using the electrophoresis release test (ERT) and co-immunoprecipitation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>First, the fresh normal adult anti-coagulated whole blood was washed to prepare packed RBCs, which were further prepared to erythrocyte suspension and hemolysate.The erythrocyte suspension and hemolysate were analyzed by the electrophoresis release test (ERT) at the same time, and then the band of HbA of erythrocyte sample (RA) and the corresponding band of hemolysate sample (HA) were cut out from the gel and were enriched by freeze-thaw method. Then, the samples were bound with hemoglobin β antibody (37-8) AC, the complexes were separated through 5%-12% SDS-PAGE followed by Q-TOF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five bands were found in the gel, each of which was treated by hemoglobin β antibody (37-8) AC, the protein bands of 16,20,22,28 and 50 kD were emerged in RA, HA and RBC lysis.The bands were identified by MS, and the results showed that these bands were hemoglobin, band 3, peroxiredoxin2 (Prx2), band 3 and β-actin, band 3 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HbA may interact with Prx2, Band 3 and β-actin, and then the complexes are formed with each other within erythrocytes.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Erythrocytes , Hemoglobins , Immunoprecipitation , ProteinsABSTRACT
The solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPTP) are rare tumors, which are commonly found in adolescent women. Radical surgical resection of the primary tumor or metastases is the standard treatment for SPTP and could achieve long-term survival. We reported a case of a 20-year-old female with multiple liver metastases of SPTP, and performed surgical resection for primary tumor 14 cm in diameter and 2 major liver metastases (both 5 cm in diameter), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for small lesions and one major liver metastase 6 cm in diameter successfully. No evidence of recurrence in situ or in the liver was found by computed tomography (CT) scan 3 months after the operation. RFA is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable multiple liver metastases of SPTP.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Catheter Ablation , Methods , Liver Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , RadiographyABSTRACT
Although many studies have investigated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), sample sizes in the reported studies are usually small and different in outcomes in different T and N subgroups are seldom analyzed. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of NPC patients treated with IMRT and further explored treatment strategy to improve such outcome. We collected clinical data of 865 NPC patients treated with IMRT alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and classified all cases into the following prognostic categories according to different TNM stages: early stage group (T1-2N0-1M0), advanced local disease group (T3-4N0-1M0), advanced nodal disease group (T1-2N2-3M0), and advanced locoregional disease group (T3-4N2-3M0). The 5-year overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) were 83.0%, 90.4%, and 84.0%, respectively. The early disease group had the lowest treatment failure rate, with a 5-year OS of 95.6%. The advanced local disease group and advanced nodal disease group had similar failure pattern and treatment outcomes as well as similar hazard ratios for death (4.230 and 4.625, respectively). The advanced locoregional disease group had the highest incidence of relapse and death, with a 5-year DMFS and OS of 62.3% and 62.2%, respectively, and a hazard ratio for death of 10.402. Comparing with IMRT alone, IMRT in combination with chemotherapy provided no significant benefit to locoregionally advanced NPC. Our results suggest that the decision of treatment strategy for NPC patients should consider combinations of T and N stages, and that IMRT alone for early stage NPC patients can produce satisfactory results. However, for advanced local, nodal, and locoregional disease groups, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended.