ABSTRACT
Telocytes are novel interstitial cells with a specific structure:the body has an elliptical shape or a triangle shape,with slender and thin protrusions that connect with other cells to form a complex 3D network.This article summarizes the structural characteristics and identification Methods of Telocytes and demonstrates their potential functions as a new target for disease prevention and treatment.
Subject(s)
TelocytesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation involves the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hyperalgesia. We have previously reported that electroacupuncture (EA) relieves labour pain, but the potential mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of EA on labour pain intensity, serum PGE2 levels and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway in rats during labour. METHODS: Female rats copulated with male rats to induce pregnancy, and then received castor oil to trigger labour. During labour, rats remained untreated (Control group, n=30) or were treated with remifentanil (n=30) or EA at Jiaji (n=30) or SP6+LI4 (n=30), respectively. The warm water tail-flick test was used to assess labour pain. Serum PGE2 levels were measured by ELISA. Protein expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor (PGER2), p38 MAPK and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were analysed by Western blotting, and mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: EA treatment at Jiaji or SP6+LI4 significantly relieved labour pain, decreased serum PGE2 levels and inhibited protein and gene expression of PGER2 in the myometrium. Moreover, EA reduced protein expression of PLA2 and p38 MAPK, and inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the lumbar spinal cord but not in the cerebral grey matter. Additionally, EA markedly decreased mRNA levels of p38 MAPK in the lumbar spinal cord and significantly reduced PLA2-IV mRNA levels in both the lumbar spinal cord and cerebral grey matter. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that EA relieves labour pain through, at least in part, inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK-mediated PGE2 release and uterine PGER2 expression in rats.
Subject(s)
Dinoprostone/metabolism , Electroacupuncture , Labor Pain/therapy , Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Uterus/metabolism , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Acupuncture Points , Animals , Female , Humans , Labor Pain/genetics , Labor Pain/metabolism , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics , Signal Transduction , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The dynorphin (DYN)/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) system plays a key role in the control of labour pain. Our previous clinical study reported that electroacupuncture (EA) provided intrapartum analgesia, but the underlying mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. AIMS: To observe the effect of EA on labour pain and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action in a rat model. METHODS: Copulation-confirmed pregnant rats (n=120) were given castor oil to induce labour. Rats remained untreated (control group, n=20) or received either meperidine (an opioid that is commonly used to treat labour pain, n=20) or EA at SP6, LI4, SP6+LI4 or SP10 (four groups, n=20 each). Labour pain was evaluated by the warm water tail-flick test. Serum DYN values were measured by ELISA. Protein and mRNA expression of prodynorphin (PDYN, the precursor protein of DYN) and KOR were analysed by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: EA treatment at all acupuncture point combinations studied significantly relieved labour pain and increased serum DYN concentrations, to a degree similar to that achieved with meperidine. EA notably enhanced protein expression of KOR and PDYN and mRNA expression in the lumbar spinal cord but not in the cerebral cortex. The size of effect varied by EA group in the order: SP6>LI4>SP6+LI4>SP10 for all parameters measured, indicating differential effects relating to acupuncture point selection/combination. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that EA relieves labour pain, at least in part, by regulation of the spinal DYN/KOR system in a rat model.
Subject(s)
Dynorphins/metabolism , Electroacupuncture , Labor Pain/therapy , Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism , Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Spinal Cord/metabolismABSTRACT
Cutaneous delayed wounds are a challenging clinical problem, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibit key roles in wound healing. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO), a Chinese burn ointment with a USA patented formulation, has been reported to promote chronic ischemic and neurogenic ulcer healing in patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, MEBO significantly promoted the formation of granulation tissue in cutaneous excisional wounds, shortened the time of wound healing, and increased neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts. Furthermore, as well as enhancing the protein expression, MEBO application also increased the gene expression of VEGF and bFGF. The results indicate that MEBO promotes cutaneous excisional wound healing by at least partially enhancing VEGF and bFGF production, implicating the potential uses of MEBO for delayed cutaneous wound healing.
Subject(s)
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism , Sitosterols/pharmacology , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Granulation Tissue/drug effects , Granulation Tissue/pathology , Male , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Skin/drug effects , Time Factors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/geneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the molecular biological effects of Guilin Watermelon Frost (GWF) on the mRNA expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in patients with uterine uterine cervical columnar ectopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty patients with uterine cervical columnar ectopy were assigned to two groups by the random digit table. Patients in the treatment group were treated with local spray of GWF, while those in the control group were local applied with bFGF-collagen sponge. The mRNA expressions of bFGF of the uterine tissue were detected in the two groups before and after treatment using RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment the mRNA expression of bFGF in the uterine cervical columnar ectopy was 0.55 +/- 0.10 in the treatment group and 0.58 +/- 0.13 in the control group, without insignificant difference (P > 0.05). After treatment it significantly increased in the two groups, being 0.82 +/- 0.17 and 0.78 +/- 0.15 respectively, showing statistical difference from before treatment (P < 0.01). But no statistical difference existed between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GWF showed enhancement on the mRNA expressions of bFGF in patients with uterine cervical columnar ectopy.</p>
