Photo-Stimulated Zn-based Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Solar energy, as a renewable energy source, dominates the vast majority of human energy, which can be harvested and converted by photovoltaic solar cells. However, the intermittent availability of solar energy restricts the actual utilization circumstances of solar cells. Integrating photo-responsive electrodes into an energy storage device emerges as a dependable and executable strategy, fostering the creation of photo-stimulated batteries that seamlessly amalgamate the process of solar energy collection, conversion, and storage in one system. Endowed by virtues such as cost-effectiveness, facile manufacturing, safety, and environmental friendliness, photo-stimulated Zn-based batteries have attracted considerable attention. The progress report furnishes a brief overview, summarizing various photo-stimulated Zn-based batteries. Their configurations, operational principles, advancements, and the intricate engineering of photoelectrode designs are introduced, respectively. Through rigorous architectural design, photo-stimulated Zn-based batteries exhibit the ability to initiate charging by saving electricity usage, and in certain instances, even without the need for external electrical grids under illumination. Furthermore, the compensation of solar energy can be explored to improve the output electric energy. At last, opportunities and challenges toward photo-stimulated Zn-based batteries in the process of development are proposed and discussed in the hope of expanding their application scenarios and accelerating the commercialization progress.

Fabrication of Single-Crystal Violet Phosphorus Flakes For Ultrasensitive Photodetection.

Violet phosphorus (VP) has attracted a lot of attention for its unique physicochemical properties and emerging potential in photoelectronic applications. Although VP has a van der Waals (vdW) structure similar to that of other 2D semiconductors, direct synthesis of VP on a substrate is still challenging. Moreover, optoelectronic devices composed of transfer-free VP flakes have not been demonstrated. Herein, a bismuth-assisted vapor phase transport technique is designed to grow uniform single-crystal VP flakes on the SiO2 /Si substrate directly. The size of the crystalline VP flakes is an order of magnitude larger than that of previous liquid-exfoliated samples. The photodetector fabricated with the VP flakes shows a high responsivity of 12.5 A W-1 and response/recovery time of 3.82/3.03 ms upon exposure to 532 nm light. Furthermore, the photodetector shows a small dark current (<1 pA) that is beneficial to high-sensitivity photodetection. As a result, the detectivity is 1.38 × 1013 Jones that is comparable with that of the vdW p-n heterojunction detector. The results reveal the great potential of VP in optoelectronic devices as well as the CVT technique for the growth of single-crystal semiconductor thin films.

NiFeP nanosheets for efficient and durable hydrazine-assisted electrolytic hydrogen production.

Hydrazine-assisted electrochemical water splitting is an important avenue toward low cost and sustainable hydrogen production, which can significantly reduce the voltage of electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we took a simple approach to fabricate NiFeP nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (NiFeP/NF), which exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Our investigations revealed that the excellent electrocatalytic activity of NiFeP/NF mainly arises from the bimetallic synergistic effect, abundant electrocatalytically active sites facilitated by the porous nanosheet morphology, high intrinsic conductivity of NiFeP/NF and strong NiFeP-NF adhesion. We assembled a hydrazine-boosted electrochemical water splitting cell using NiFeP/NF as a bifunctional catalyst for both electrodes, and the overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) exhibits a considerably low overpotential (100 mV at 10 mA cm-2), and is stable for 40 h continuous electrolysis in a 1 M KOH + 0.5 M N2H4 electrolyte. When it is applied to hydrogen production by seawater electrolysis, its catalytic activity shows strong tolerance. This work provides a promising approach for low cost, high-efficiency and stable hydrogen production based on hydrazine-assisted electrolytic seawater splitting for future applications.

Solar-Light-Responsive Zinc-Air Battery with Self-Regulated Charge-Discharge Performance based on Photothermal Effect.

It is extremely challenging to significantly increase the voltaic efficiency, power density, and cycle stability of a Zn-air battery by just adjusting the catalytic performance of the cathode with nanometers/atomistic engineering because of the restriction of thermodynamic equilibrium potential. Herein, inspired by solar batteries, the S-atom-bridged FeNi particles and N-doped hollow carbon nanosphere composite configuration (FeNi-S,N-HCS) is presented as a prototype of muti-functional air electrode material (intrinsic electrocatalytic function and additional photothermal function) for designing photoresponsive all-solid-state Zn-air batteries (PR-ZABs) based on the photothermal effect. The local temperature of the FeNi-S,N-HCS electrode can well respond to the stimuli of sunlight irradiation because of their superior photothermal effect. As expected, under illumination, the power density of the as-fabricated PR-ZABs based on the FeNi-S,N-HCS electrode can be improved from 77 mW cm-2 to 126 mW cm-2. Simultaneously, charge voltage can be dramatically reduced, and cycle lifetime is also prolonged under illumination, because of the expedited electrocatalytic kinetics, the increased electrical conductivity, and the accelerated desorption rate of O2 bubbles from the electrode. By exerting the intrinsic electrocatalytic and photothermal efficiency of the electrode materials, this research paves new ways to improve battery performance from kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives.

Longitudinal comparison of health locus of control and subjective well-being in older women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes in the health locus of control (HLC) and subjective well-being (SWB) of older women with breast cancer, to explore the relationship between the HLC and SWB of these patients at different time points. DESIGN: The research method adopted was a longitudinal study. Convenience sampling was used to select older women with breast cancer and their HLC and SWB at different times were evaluated. The ages of the patients were ≥60 years. The survey was conducted starting from the day of admission and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HLC and SWB. RESULTS: The HLC and SWB of older women with breast cancer changed dynamically (P < 0.05), and the patients were in poor condition at T1. At each time point, the internal HLC (IHLC) for these patients was positively correlated with the total SWB score. Additionally, powerful others HLC (PHLC), chance HLC (CHLC), and SWB were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The HLC and SWB of older women with breast cancer change dynamically. Medical staff should pay more attention to the HLC and SWB of patients 1 month after surgery. SWB can be improved by improving the patients' IHLC and reducing their PHLC and CHLC.

RNA m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via SLIT2 repression.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of fatal malignancies characterized by high metastatic capacity, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. We have found here that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is highly expressed in TNBC and correlates clinically with distant metastasis-free survival of TNBC patients. IGF2BP3 promotes the migration and invasion capabilities of TNBC cells dependent upon cellular RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 binds to and destabilizes m6A-methylated mRNA of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, SLIT2, impairs its downstream signaling via the cognate receptor ROBO1, and consequently triggers the activation of canonical PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. The IGF2BP3/SLIT2 axis is critically involved in the regulation of TNBC metastasis in vivo. These findings shed light into the regulatory network of distant metastasis of breast cancer and provide rationale for targeting the m6A machinery in the treatment of TNBC.

Effects of multidisciplinary exercise management on patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled study.

Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of the mobile app-based multidisciplinary exercise management on patients who receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: From January to October 2020, 54 patients after PCI were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 27) and the control group (n = 27). The intervention group received the mobile app-based multidisciplinary exercise management, whereas the control group received routine care. The patients after PCI began to take intervention one month after the operation, and the intervention lasted for two months. Before and after the intervention, 6-Minute Walking Distance was used to evaluate the patient's exercise tolerance, and the patient's exercise compliance was evaluated according to the patient's exercise status recorded by the mobile app. The cognitive questionnaire on knowledge about PCI treatment for Coronary Heart Disease, the Self-efficacy for Chronic Disease Scale and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used to evaluate patients' disease-related cognition, self-efficacy and perception of social support. This study was registered on Clinical Trials.gov with registration number ChiCTR2000028930. Results: Totally 51 patients after PCI who completed this study (25 patients in the intervention group and 26 patients in the control group) were included in the analysis. After 2 months of intervention, the exercise compliance of patients in the intervention group was better than that in the control group. And 6-Minute Walking Distance (469.36 ± 57.48 vs. 432.81 ± 67.09), and the scores of knowledge of PCI treatment for coronary heart disease (52.64 ± 9.82 vs. 42.42 ± 8.54), Self-efficacy for Chronic Disease Scale (42.40 ± 8.04 vs. 36.88 ± 7.73) and Perceived Social Support Scale (74.04 ± 5.73 vs. 66.69 ± 6.86) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The multidisciplinary exercise management based on the mobile app can effectively improve exercise tolerance, exercise compliance, disease-related cognition, self-efficacy, and perception of social support during exercise training for patients after PCI.

Correlation between self-awareness, communication ability and caring ability of undergraduate nursing students/A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Caring ability is the core ability of nursing. Here we explored the factors affecting the caring ability of undergraduate nursing students. Self-awareness and communication ability are potential variables to improve caring ability. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between self-awareness, communication ability and caring ability of domestic undergraduate nursing students and to explore whether communication ability has an intermediary effect between self-awareness and caring ability. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate nursing students (n = 1411) who attended Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods using online platforms. METHODS: The questionnaire used the Self-Consciousness Scale, Clinical Communication Competence Evaluation Scale and Caring Ability Inventory. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed for data analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between undergraduate nursing students' caring ability and their self-awareness and communication ability (p < 0.001). Communication ability played a partial mediating role between self-awareness and caring ability (p < 0.001), and the mediating effect was 34.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: The self-awareness of undergraduate nursing students directly affects their caring ability and can also indirectly affect their caring ability through their communication ability. Educators can guide and cultivate student self-awareness and communication ability and promote self-regulation, so as to improve students' caring ability and improve clinical development.

Long Non-coding RNA RMST Worsens Ischemic Stroke via MicroRNA-221-3p/PIK3R1/TGF-ß Signaling Pathway.

Much efforts have been made to probe the mechanism underlying ischemic stroke (IS). This study was proposed to uncover the role of long non-coding RNA rhabdomyosarcoma 2 related transcript (RMST) in IS through microRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p)/phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1)/transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) axis. Neurological behavioral function, pathological changes in brain tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation responses in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice were tested. RMST, miR-221-3p, PIK3R1, and TGF-ß signaling-related protein expression in brain tissues of MCAO mice were detected. RMST and PIK3R1 were elevated, miR-221-3p was downregulated, and TGF-ß pathway was activated in mice after MCAO. Restored miR-221-3p or depleted RMST improved neurological behavioral functions, relieved pathological injury in brain tissue, and repressed oxidative stress and inflammation in mice after MCAO. Depleted PIK3R1 or restored miR-221-3p offsets the negative effects of overexpressed RMST on mice with MCAO. The present work highlights that RMST augments IS through reducing miR-221-3p-mediated regulation of PIK3R1 and activating TGF-ß pathway.

Family care and subjective well-being of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: Mediating effects of coping strategies.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the correlations between family care, coping strategies and the subject well-being (SWB) of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: From November 2019 to October 2020, 264 CHD patients who had undergone PCI were enrolled in this questionnaire survey. The research tools applied included General Information Questionnaire, the Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the General Well-being Schedule. SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 software packages were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean scores for family care, confrontation, avoidance, acceptance-resignation and SWB, were 7.59 ± 2.24, 20.03 ± 3.78, 16.49 ± 2.70, 10.42 ± 2.01, and 73.31 ± 11.63, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the path coefficient between family care and subjective well-being was higher in males than females. Family care was directly related to coping strategies. The coping strategies were directly related to SWB, while family care showed an indirect association with SWB via coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Family care can improve CHD patients' SWB post-PCI, and coping strategies are important for the link between family care and SWB. Also, men received more family care than women. Based on a patient's characteristics, healthcare providers can promote patients' positive coping strategies, increase their perceived family care, and improve the patient's SWB.

Effect of inhalation aromatherapy on physical and psychological problems in cancer patients: Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of inhalation aromatherapy on physical and psychological problems in cancer patients. METHODS: We searched relevant randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINHAL, CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang, and VIP databases, and then evaluated the quality and extracted data from these studies. The publication date was from the establishment of each database until May 2021. RESULTS: We ultimately included 16 publications that examined 636 patients and 636 controls. Inhalation of aromatherapy had no effect on pain and depression; mixed results on nausea and vomiting; reduced sleep disorders and anxiety; and improved quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Although inhalation aromatherapy may benefit cancer patients, more high-quality evidence is needed to support its clinical usefulness.

The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on cancer related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

AIM: To assess the effect of different non-pharmacological interventions on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer (BC) patients and identify the most effective method for improving CRF. DESIGN: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. METHODS: Literature will be searched in the ongoing trail in the Clinical Trials.gov, World Health Organization, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, from the inception until December 31, 2020. Two independent researchers will rigorously screen the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assess the risk of bias based on the Cochrane Collaboration's Tool of RCTs. Stata 13.0 and Aggregate Data Drug Information System will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This protocol has been registered on the PROSPERO website (registration number is CRD42020222093). This study will provide the reliable evidence of the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to improving CRF.

Ultrathin two-dimensional Fe-doped cobaltous oxide as a piezoelectric enhancement mechanism in quartz crystal tuning fork (QCTF) photodetectors.

An innovative ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) Fe-doped cobaltous oxide (Fe-CoO) coated quartz crystal tuning fork (QCTF) was introduced for the purpose of developing a low-cost photoelectric detector with a simple configuration. The enhancement mechanism of the piezoelectric signal in the ultrathin 2D Fe-CoO-coated QCTF detector is assumed to be the synergetic photocarrier transfer and photothermal effect of ultrathin 2D Fe-CoO. The ultrathin 2D nanosheet structure of Fe-CoO with a large specific surface area can efficiently absorb and convert light into heat in the QCTF, and the photocarrier transfer from the Fe-CoO nanosheet to the electrode of the QCTF contributes to the enhancement in electricity given the shortened diffusion distance of carriers to the surfaces of the 2D nanosheet. Finite element modeling was adopted to simulate the thermoelastic expansion and mechanical resonance of the QCTF with 2D Fe-CoO coating to support experimental results and analyses. Moreover, the effects of 2D Fe-CoO on the performance of QCTF-based photoelectric detectors were investigated. This Letter demonstrates that ultrathin 2D materials have great potential in applications such as costly and tiny QCTF detectors, light sensing, biomedical imaging, and spectroscopy.

Hypoxia-sensitive long noncoding RNA CASC15 promotes lung tumorigenesis by regulating the SOX4/ß-catenin axis.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the hypoxia-related cancer process and play pivotal roles in enabling malignant cells to survive under hypoxic stress. However, the molecular crosstalk between lncRNAs and hypoxia signaling cascades in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely elusive. METHODS: Firstly, we identified differentially expressed lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) as associated with NSCLC based on bioinformatic data. The clinical significance of CASC15 in lung cancer was investigated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Then, we modulated CASC15 expression in NSCLC cell lines by RNAi. CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to examine the effects of CASC15 on proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. Upstream activator and downstream targets of CASC15 were validated by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Lastly, RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to confirm the genetic relationships between CASC15 and related genes in clinical samples. RESULTS: CASC15 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and closely associated with poor prognosis. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrated that CASC15 was essential for NSCLC cell migration and growth. Mechanistic study revealed that CASC15 was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia signaling in NSCLC cells. Further analysis showed that hypoxia-induced CASC15 transactivation was mainly dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia response elements (HREs) located in CASC15 promoter. CASC15 promotes the expression of its chromosomally nearby gene, SOX4. Then SOX4 functions to stabilize ß-catenin protein, thereby enhancing the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/ß-catenin pathway was activated in a substantial subset of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/ß-catenin axis plays an essential role in the development and progression of NSCLC. The present work provides new evidence that lncRNA CASC15 holds great promise to be used as novel biomarkers for NSCLC. Blocking the HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/ß-catenin axis can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating NSCLC.

Factors that affect the duration of wearing disposable personal protective equipment by healthcare professionals in Wuhan during treatment of COVID-19 patients: An epidemiological study.

The purpose of this study of healthcare workers who cared for COVID-19 patients was to identify factors that affected the duration of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). The results of this study will provide initial guidance to practicing clinicians and a foundation for further research on this topic. This cross-sectional study examined 139 frontline healthcare professionals who worked at a single hospital in Wuhan, China, from March 16 to April 1, 2020. General and demographic data, physical and mental status, use of personal protective equipment, type of hospital work, and duration of wearing personal protective equipment were recorded. The mean duration of wearing personal protective equipment was 194.17 min (standard deviation: 3.71). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the duration of wearing personal protective equipment was significantly associated with the presence of a chronic disease, working hours when feeling discomfort, lack of patient cooperation and subsequent psychological pressure, prolonged continuous wearing of personal protective equipment, feeling anxious about physical strength, and the presence of fatigue when wearing personal protective equipment. These factors should be considered by practicing healthcare professionals and in future studies that examine the optimal duration of wearing personal protective equipment.

The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that first-line nurses involved in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis may experience sleep disturbances. As breathing relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality, anxiety, and depression, the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training (DBRT) for improving sleep quality among nurses in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental (before and after) intervention strategy, with 151 first-line nurses from four wards in Leishenshan hospital. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to evaluate the effectiveness of DBRT before and after the intervention. Data were examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: A total of 140 nurses completed the DBRT sessions. First-line nurses achieved significant reductions in global sleep quality (p < 0.01), subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001), sleep latency (p < 0.01), sleep duration (p < 0.001), sleep disturbances (p < 0.001), habitual sleep efficiency (p = 0.015), daytime dysfunction (p = 0.001), and anxiety (p = 0.001). There were no significant reductions in the use of sleeping medication (p = 0.134) and depression (p = 0.359). CONCLUSION: DBRT is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety among first-line nurses involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. The study protocol was clinically registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000032743.

Hydrogel Electrolytes for Quasi-Solid Zinc-Based Batteries.

On account of high energy density depending on the utilized zinc metal anode of high theoretical capacity and its excellent security due to aqueous electrolytes that usually be locked in polymer hosts referred to as hydrogels, quasi-solid zinc-based batteries have been subjected to more and more interest from researchers. The good water retention and electrolyte load capacity of the hydrogel, contributing to the acquirement of high ionic conductivity and durability of the as-obtained quasi-solid electrolyte, play a significant role on the performance of the devices. Moreover, the chemistry of hydrogels can be tuned to endow quasi-solid electrolytes with additional functions in terms of application scenarios of solid-state batteries. Herein, the frontier disciplines of hydrogel electrolytes for Zn-based batteries were reviewed. The cross-linking process of the polymer networks for hydrogel materials with different functions, such as stretchability, compressibility, and self-healing, were also discussed to analyze the properties of the polymer electrolyte. Based on the merits of the functionalized hydrogel, the further application of hydrogel electrolytes in Zn-based batteries is the focus of this paper. The electrochemical performance and mechanical property of Zn-based batteries with functionalized hydrogel electrolytes under extreme conditions were presented to evaluate the crucial role of the polymer hydrogel electrolyte. Finally, the challenges of hydrogel electrolytes for currently developed Zn-based batteries are highlighted with the hope to boost their commercial application in energy conversion devices.

Pyruvate Production from Whey Powder by Metabolic Engineered Klebsiella oxytoca.

Pyruvate is an important platform material widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Pyruvate-tolerant Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-0 was chosen as a chassis for pyruvate production via metabolic engineering. Genes related to by-product generation were knocked out to decrease the production of 2,3-butantediol, acetate, ethanol, and succinate. The NADH oxidase encoding gene nox was inserted into the locus of the lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene ldhD in the genome of K. oxytoca to simultaneously block lactate production and regenerate NAD+. The pyruvate importers CstA and YjiY were identified, and their encoding genes were deleted to increase pyruvate accumulation. The engineered strain K. oxytoca PDL-YC produced 71.0 g/L pyruvate from glucose. Furthermore, K. oxytoca PDL-YC can use whey powder, an abundant by-product of the cheese making process, as substrate for pyruvate production. Pyruvate production with a concentration of 62.3 g/L and a productivity of 1.60 g/[L·h] was realized using whey powder as substrate.

Concurrently Realizing Geometric Confined Growth and Doping of Transition Metals within Graphene Hosts for Bifunctional Electrocatalysts toward a Solid-State Rechargeable Micro-Zn-Air Battery.

The simultaneous realization of confined growth and doping of transition metals within carbon hosts promises to deliver unusual bifunctional catalytic activity but still remains challenging due to the difficulty in achieving synchronous nucleation and diffusion of metallic ions in a single synthesis step. Herein, we present a simple synthesis strategy capable of concurrently realizing geometric confined growth and doping of transition metals within graphene hosts, demonstrated in Co,N-codoped graphene-confined FeNi nanoparticles (Co,N-GN-FeNi). The obtained Co,N-GN-FeNi can take full advantage of the hierarchy of interactions between the confined-grown FeNi nanoparticles (for high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity) and the Co,N-codoped graphene hosts (for high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity). The overall structure is a rationally designed synergy that simultaneously realizes (i) adequate exposure of electroactive sites, (ii) effective protection against corrosion/aggregation of FeNi nanoparticles, and (iii) rapid transport of ions/electrons between the interfaces. As a result, Co,N-GN-FeNi exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity relying on a low ORR/OER subtraction (ΔE = 0.81 V). Subsequent combination with a planar electrode configuration and a solid polymer electrolyte further demonstrates the utilization of Co,N-GN-FeNi as air cathode bifunctional electrocatalysts in a solid-state rechargeable micro-Zn-air battery (SR-MZAB), which exhibits a large open-circuit voltage of 1.39 V, a high power density/specific capacity of 62.3 mW cm-2/763 mAh g-1, excellent durability (126 cycles/42 h), and mechanical flexibility. This work demonstrates an effective synthesis strategy for concurrently realizing geometric confined growth and doping of transition metals within carbon hosts, for enhanced bifunctional catalytic activity toward novel SR-MZABs with high energy efficiency, security, and flexibility for wearable micropower sources.