Descriptive Analysis of Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship Program Directors.

Purpose: To evaluate the demographic, educational, and scholarly characteristics of Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology-accredited vitreoretinal surgery fellowship program directors in the United States and Canada. Methods: Demographic, educational, and scholarly profiles of identified program directors were collated from online public resources. Characteristics were compared by sex, program size, ranking, and affiliation. Results: Eighty-one program directors (mean age [±SD] 54.7 ± 11.0 years) from 78 fellowship programs were identified. The minority were women (14.8%), who were on average 6 years younger than their male counterparts (P = .07). The majority of program directors had an academic affiliation (90.1%), most commonly professor (54.8%). The mean h-index, 5-year h-index, and m-quotient were 20.9 ± 14.9, 5.9 ± 4.4, and 0.82 ± 0.42, respectively. Compared with their counterparts, program directors of both "top 10" and large programs published more manuscripts (P < .05), accrued more citations (P < .05), and had a higher h-index (P < .05). Fellowship programs with female program directors had a significantly larger proportion of female retina faculty (P = .002). Conclusions: The backgrounds of vitreoretinal surgery program directors are diverse. However, women remain underrepresented in this position, highlighting an area with the potential for greater equity in ophthalmology.

[A study of mismatched negative in normal hearing patients of different ages].

Objective:To study the characteristics of Mismatch negativity（MMN） in normal hearing patients of different ages, and to compare the MMN of normal hearing subjects at different ages to explore the differences in MMN between different ages. Methods:MMN test was performed on both ears using the classic Oddball mode. A frequency of 1 000 Hz（standard stimuli） and 2 000 Hz（deviant stimuli） was used to evoked the MMN. According to different age groups: the juvenile group（7-17 years old）, the youth group（18-44 years old）, the middle-aged group（45-59 years old）, and the elderly group（60-75 years old）, with 25 cases in each group. The MMN characteristics of normal hearing subjects in different age groups were analyzed statistically and the differences between groups were compared. All subjects underwent pure tone threshold test, tympanic reactance test and ABR test before MMN test. Results:MMN waveform could be elicited from both ears of 100 subjects. Among them, the average latency of the juvenile group was（159.70±20.34） ms while the average amplitude was（4.34±2.26） µV, For the youth group, the average latency was（166.01±28.67） ms and the average amplitude was（3.70±2.28） µV. Then in the middle-aged group, the average latency was（175.16±37.24） ms, meanwhile, the average amplitude was（2.69±0.84） µV. Finally, the elderly group has an average latency of（178.03±14.37） ms and an average amplitude of（2.11±0.70） µV. Therefore, there was no statistical difference in latency and amplitude between all groups（P>0.05）, and there was no statistical difference in latency and amplitude between left and right ears among all subjects as a whole（P>0.05）. However, when the left and right ears of all groups were compared, it was found that the latency between the left and right ears of the Juvenile group had statistical significance（P<0.05）, and the amplitude difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）, while the latency and amplitude differences between the left and right ears of other groups had no statistical significance（P>0.05）. There were also no significant differences in latency and amplitude between men and women（P>0.05）. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the latency and amplitude of mismatched negative among normal hearing subjects of different ages, and no statistically significant difference in the MMN latency and amplitude between the left and right ears of subjects and between men and women. Therefore, the study inferred that the auditory cerebral cortex of subjects aged 7-75 years old maintained a stable state for a long time after maturity, and the latency and amplitude of mismatched negative waves were relatively stable. It is not affected by age, gender and ear side, and can stably reflect the auditory cortex function of the subjects. It has broad application prospects in clinical practice, and provides a reliable detection means for future research on the changes of the auditory cerebral cortex of patients, which is worthy of our further research and clinical promotion.

Copper-containing POM-based hybrid P2Mo22V4Cu4 nanocluster as heterogeneous catalyst for the light-driven hydroxylation of benzene to phenol.

The current traditional phenol production process has many shortcomings, and the efficient and clean photocatalytic one-step oxidation to phenol is gradually attracting attention. Heteropolyacids (PMo10V2) with high-density Lewis acid active sites and excellent photoelectron transfer ability are ideal choices for catalytic reactions. In this study, a copper-modified isolated dimeric hybrid nanocluster, [Cu(pyim)2]2[Cu(pyim)2(P2MoVI20MoV2VIV4O82)]2·(H2O) (pyim = [2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazole]), was synthesized by a convenient hydrothermal method. The structural analysis demonstrated that the compound was composed of metal-organic complexes containing pyim ligands, Keggin-type heteropolyacids, and transition metal copper ions. Remarkably, this not only solves the difficulty that the heteropolymeric acid cannot be recovered by dissolving in the solvent but also introduces the copper atom as a second active center. The catalyst exhibited a benzene conversion of 15.6% and a selectivity of 85.2% in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and acetic acid under optimal reaction conditions. After four catalytic cycles, the PXRD pattern proved that the catalyst was still stable. This study provides a good idea for photocatalytic reactions and other environmental applications.

Acute intermittent porphyria complicated with acute pancreatitis: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects porphyrin metabolism in the blood. The disease causes defects in specific enzymes in the body, which in turn leads to the accumulation of porphyrin metabolites. Patients may experience abdominal pain, neurological symptoms, muscle pain, and nausea, but it does not directly cause pancreatitis. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient is a young woman, 23 years old, who was admitted to our hospital with intermittent abdominal pain for 2 days, the pain was not fixed, episodic, with no obvious trigger, and 1 day before admission, the patient started to experience nausea and vomiting, with gastric contents as the vomitus, and similar symptoms had occurred many times in the past. Blood amylase 600 U/L, blood sodium 120.6 mmol/L, blood routine, and coagulation function results were normal; abdominal CT showed pancreatic swelling with unclear surrounding fat interstitial, acute pancreatitis was considered. The patient's urine was dark red, and the results of the qualitative urine porphyrin test were positive. DIAGNOSES: AIP complicated with acute pancreatitis. INTERVENTION: Relief of symptoms, control of pain, correction of electrolyte disturbances, and high-carbohydrate therapy. OUTCOMES: The patient was discharged with complete symptomatic relief after 10 days of high-carbohydrate therapy. LESSONS: AIP complicated with acute pancreatitis is very rare. Treatment of AIPs aims to control acute attacks and prevent potential triggers.

Constructing Two Cu-Modified Organophosphomolybdates from a Nanocluster to a One-Dimensional Chain for Boosted Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production.

Photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen H2 is an ideal way to solve energy and environmental problems, and the development of highly efficient polyoxometalate catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production has attracted wide attention. Herein, two Cu-modified Strandberg-type organophosphomolybdates were successfully synthesized, [Cu(C8H7N3)(H2O)2]2[(C6H5PO3)2Mo5O15]·4H2O (1) and [Cu(phen)(H2O)][Cu(phen)(H2O)2][(C6H5PO3)2Mo5O15]·2H2O (2) ([(C6H5P)2Mo5O21]Cu2) (C8H7N3 = 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Two Strandberg-type organophosphomolybdates can be used for visible-light-driven hydrogen production. Also, compound 2 exhibits an H2 production rate of 6399 µmol g-1 h-1 after 8 h light exposure in the presence of photosensitization agent [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2][PF6] and TEOA. In addition, cyclic tests showed that compound 2 could be recycled four times without a significant reduction in catalytic performance. This work offers fresh insight into the development of novel polyoxometalates for efficient hydrogen evolution.

Evaluating the Artificial Intelligence Performance Growth in Ophthalmic Knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to compare the capabilities of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT)-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) in addressing multiple-choice ophthalmic case challenges. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Both models' accuracy was compared across different ophthalmology subspecialties using multiple-choice ophthalmic clinical cases provided by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) "Diagnosis This" questions. Additional analysis was based on image content, question difficulty, character length of models' responses, and model's alignment with responses from human respondents. χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted where appropriate, with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: GPT-4.0 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 (75% versus 46%, p<0.01), with the most noticeable improvement in neuro-ophthalmology (100% versus 38%, p=0.03). While both models struggled with uveitis and refractive questions, GPT-4.0 excelled in other areas, such as pediatric questions (82%). In image-related questions, GPT-4.0 also displayed superior accuracy that trended toward significance (73% versus 46%, p=0.07). GPT-4.0 performed better with easier questions (93.8% (least difficult) versus 76.2% (middle) versus 53.3% (most), p=0.03) and generated more concise answers than GPT-3.5 (651.7±342.9 versus 1,112.9±328.8 characters, p<0.01). Moreover, GPT-4.0's answers were more in line with those of AAO respondents (57.3% versus 41.4%, p<0.01), showing a strong correlation between its accuracy and the proportion of AAO respondents who selected GPT-4.0's answer (ρ=0.713, p<0.01). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our study demonstrated that GPT-4.0 significantly outperforms GPT-3.5 in addressing ophthalmic case challenges, especially in neuro-ophthalmology, with improved accuracy even in image-related questions. These findings underscore the potential of advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models in enhancing ophthalmic diagnostics and medical education.

Clinical Analysis of Supraclavicular Flaps for the Repair of the Pharyngeal Fistula.

Objectives: We explored the value of supraclavicular flaps in repairing pharyngeal fistula. Methods: Patients treated with supraclavicular flaps were included. Data on preoperative radiotherapy, surgical modality, flap size, postoperative healing, and other clinical outcomes were collected. Techniques, indications, and postoperative complications after repairing with supraclavicular flaps were described. A total of 16 male patients aged 58 to 79 years were involved, including 10 cases of postoperative pharyngeal fistula after hypopharyngeal cancer, 5 cases of postoperative pharyngeal fistula after laryngeal cancer, and 1 case of postoperative pharyngeal fistula after laryngeal and esophageal cancer. In 12 patients, the pharyngeal fistula was repaired by double island folding of the supraclavicular flap; in the remaining 4 patients, the pharyngeal fistula was repaired by the supraclavicular flaps combined with the pectoralis major flaps. The supraclavicular flap was 6 to 8 cm in width and 6 to 15 cm in length. Results: One patient developed partial necrosis at the distal end of the flap, which was successfully treated with debridement and dressing. The flaps grew well in the remaining 15 patients. Among them, a patient with a postoperative pharyngeal fistula after hypopharyngeal carcinoma was implanted with radioactive particles for tumor recurrence at the esophageal entrance, and died in the 11th month after surgery. Conclusions: The supraclavicular flap can achieve excellent results in the repair of pharyngeal fistula.

Dual-Functional Eu-Metal-Organic Framework with Ratiometric Fluorescent Broad-Spectrum Sensing of Benzophenone-like Ultraviolet Filters and High Proton Conduction.

The construction of attractive dual-functional lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with ratiometric fluorescent detection and proton conductivity is significant and challenging. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) Eu-MOF, namely, [Eu4(HL)2(SBA)4(H2O)6]·9H2O, has been hydrothermally synthesized with a dual-ligand strategy, using (4-carboxypiperidyl)-N-methylenephosphonic acid (H3L = H2O3PCH2-NC5H9-COOH) and 4-sulfobenzoic acid monopotassium salt (KHSBA = KO3SC6H4COOH) as organic linkers. Eu-MOF showed ratiometric fluorescent broad-spectrum sensing of benzophenone-like ultraviolet filters (BP-like UVFs) with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity, and low limits of detection in water/ethanol (1:1, v/v) solutions and real urine systems. A portable test paper was prepared for the convenience of actual detection. The potential sensing mechanisms were thoroughly analyzed by diversified experiments. The synergistic effect of the forbidden energy transfer from the ligand to Eu3+, the internal filtration effect (IFE), the formation of a complex, and weak interactions between the KHSBA ligand and BP-like UVFs is responsible for the ratiometric sensing effect. Meanwhile, Eu-MOF displayed relatively high proton conductivity of 2.60 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 368 K and 95% relative humidity (RH), making it a potential material for proton conduction. This work provides valuable guidance for the facile and effective design and construction of multifunctional Ln-MOFs with promising performance.

Examining the Role of Telemedicine in Diabetic Retinopathy.

With the increasing prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), screening is of the utmost importance to prevent vision loss for patients and reduce financial costs for the healthcare system. Unfortunately, it appears that the capacity of optometrists and ophthalmologists to adequately perform in-person screenings of DR will be insufficient within the coming years. Telemedicine offers the opportunity to expand access to screening while reducing the economic and temporal burden associated with current in-person protocols. The present literature review summarizes the latest developments in telemedicine for DR screening, considerations for stakeholders, barriers to implementation, and future directions in this area. As the role of telemedicine in DR screening continues to expand, further work will be necessary to continually optimize practices and improve long-term patient outcomes.

The value of inflammatory biomarkers in the occurrence and prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is one of the common emergencies in otorhinolaryngology. Several studies have shown that chronic inflammation is associated with its onset and prognosis. However, the association between some inflammatory biomarkers and SSNHL is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the value of inflammatory biomarkers in the occurrence and prognosis of SSNHL. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched comprehensively, the eligible literatures were screened out by formulating the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. After extracting sample size, mean and standard deviation, we performed meta-analysis with standardized mean deviation (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect sizes. RESULTS: A total of 17 articles were included in this meta-analysis, including 2852 subjects, 1423 patients and 1429 healthy controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (SMD = 1.05, 95% CI 0.87-1.24, P < 0.001), the NLR of the recovery group was significantly lower than the unrecovered group (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.27-1.08, P < 0.05); The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.76, P < 0.05), the PLR of the recovery group was significantly lower than the unrecovered group (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.05-0.82, P < 0.05); The C-reactive protein-to-serum albumin ratio (CRP/Alb) of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.04-0.74, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that high NLR, PLR, and CRP/Alb indicated the occurrence of SSNHL, NLR and PLR could predict prognosis of SSNHL.

Research progress of imaging flow cytometry in automatic analysis of radiation biodosimetric indicators / 中国辐射卫生

@#A large number of people would be exposed to irradiation in large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents or nuclear terrorist attacks. Therefore, it is urgent to establish rapid and high-throughput biodosimetry for in triage, providing a basis for emergency management. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) possesses the high through put advantages of traditional flow cytometry and the sensitivity and specificity of microscope, and has a good application prospect in the research and development of rapid, automated, and high-throughput biological dose estimation technology. This article reviews the application progress of IFC in biodosimetry, and provides a reference for the development of biological dose estimation and detection equipment for large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents.

Two Stable Cd-MOFs as Dual-Functional Materials with Luminescent Sensing of Antibiotics and Proton Conduction.

Construction and investigation of dual-functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with luminescent sensing and proton conduction provide widespread applications in clean energy and environmental monitoring fields. By selecting a phosphonic acid ligand 4-pyridyl-CH2N(CH2PO3H2)2 (H4L) and coligand 2,2'-biimidazole (H2biim), two cadmium-based MOFs [Cd1.5(HL)(H2biim)0.5] (1) and (H4biim)0.5·[Cd2(L)(H2biim)Cl] (2) with different structures and properties have been hydrothermally synthesized by controlling reaction temperature. Based on the excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, and good luminescent stabilities in water solution, 1 and 2 can serve as luminescent sensors of chloramphenicol (CAP) with different quenching constant (KSV) values and detection limits (LODs) in water, simulated environmental system, and real fish water system. Meanwhile, different sensing effects and possible sensing mechanisms are analyzed in detail. Moreover, 1 and 2 can also serve as good proton-conducting materials. The proton conductivities can reach up to 1.41 × 10-4 S cm-1 for 1 and 1.02 × 10-3 S cm-1 for 2 at 368 K and 95% relative humidity (RH). Among them, 2 shows better luminescent sensing and proton conduction performance than 1, which indicates that different crystal structures have a great impact on the properties of MOFs. Through the discussion of the relationship between structures and properties in detail, the possible reasons for the differences in properties are obtained, which can provide theoretical guidance for the rational design of this kind of dual-functional MOFs in the future.

[Effect of total arthroscopic rotator cuff repair on pain degree and complications of elderly patients with rotator cuff injury within 72 hours after operation].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect of rotator cuff repair and small incision rotator cuff repair under the total arthroscopy in elderly patients with rotator cuff injury. METHODS: A total of 60 elderly patients with rotator cuff injury from January 2017 to November 2018 were selected as the research objects, including 37 males and 23 females;aged from 61 to 77 years old with an average of (63.45±12.34) years old;disease duration ranged from 6 to 12 months, with an average of (5.32±1.02 ) months;29 cases on the left side and 31 cases on the right side. Among them, 30 patients underwent total arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (observation group), 30 patients underwent small-incision rotator cuff repair(control group). The scores of University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA) shoulder rating scale, before and after surgery in the two groups were observed and recorded. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, shoulder flexion range of motion, external rotation range of motion, abduction range of motion, visual analogue scale(VAS) within 72 hours after surgery, as well as the complcations were compared. RESULTS: The postoperative UCLA score, ASES score and Constant-Murley score between two groups were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative UCLA, ASES and Constant-Murley score between two groups (P>0.05). The shoulder flexion range of motion, external rotation range of motion and abduction range of motion between two groups were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups after operation (P>0.05). The VAS at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in observation group(13.33%, 4/30) was sinificantly lower(P<0.05)than that in control group(33.33%, 10/30). CONCLUSION: Total arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and small incision rotator cuff repair can improve the shoulder function after rotator cuff injury in elderly, but the degree of pain and complications within 72 hours after total arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are significantly better than small incision rotator cuff repair, which can be selected according to the clinical situation and needs of patients.

Role of Exosomes in Pharyngucutaneous Fistula After Total Laryngectomy.

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is the most common complication after total laryngectomy and is difficult to heal. Although conservative treatment and surgical repair are effective, they often take longer and additional trips to the operating room, which undoubtedly increases the financial burden on patients. Especially in combination with diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, which affect the efficacy of surgery. Adding growth factors into the repair material can promote fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing. A substantial number of studies have shown that a type of nanoscale extracellular vesicle, called exosomes, facilitates organization repair by promoting blood vessel production, protein polysaccharides, and collagen deposition, thereby representing a new type of cellular therapy. At present, there is little research on the application of exosomes in pharyngocutaneous fistula regeneration after total laryngectomy. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of exosomes and their application in biomedical science, and highlight their application prospects in pharyngocutaneous fistula regeneration after total laryngectomy.

Zebrafish heart regeneration after coronary dysfunction-induced cardiac damage.

Over the past 20 years, various zebrafish injury models demonstrated efficient heart regeneration after cardiac tissue loss. However, no established coronary vessel injury methods exist in the zebrafish model, despite coronary endothelial dysfunction occurring in most patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is due to difficulties performing surgery on small coronary vessels and a lack of genetic tools to precisely manipulate coronary cells in zebrafish. We determined that the Notch ligand gene deltaC regulatory sequences drive gene expression in zebrafish coronary endothelial cells, enabling us to overcome these obstacles. We created a deltaC fluorescent reporter line and visualized robust coronary growth during heart development and regeneration. Importantly, this reporter facilitated the visualization of coronary growth without an endocardial background. Moreover, we visualized robust coronary growth on the surface of juvenile hearts and regrowth in the wounded area of adult hearts ex vivo. With this approach, we observed growth inhibition by reported vascular growth antagonists of the VEGF, EGF and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, we established a coronary genetic ablation system and observed that severe coronary endothelial cell loss resulted in fish death, whereas fish survived mild coronary cell loss. Coronary cell depletion triggered regenerative responses, which resulted in the restoration of damaged cardiac tissues within several weeks. Overall, our work demonstrated the efficacy of using deltaC regulatory elements for high-resolution visualization of the coronary endothelium; screening small molecules for coronary growth effects; and revealed complete recovery in adult zebrafish after coronary-induced heart damage.

GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of refractory and/or recurrent neuroblastoma in pediatric patients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) disialoganglioside 2 (GD2)-specific (4SCAR-GD2) T cells for treatment of refractory and/or recurrent neuroblastoma (NB) in pediatric patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A phase I clinical study using 4SCAR-GD2 T cells for the treatment of NB in pediatric patients was conducted. This study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov (NCT02765243). A lentiviral CAR with the signaling domains of CD28/4-1BB/CD3ζ-iCasp9 was transduced into activated T cells. The response to 4SCAR-GD2 T-cell treatment, and 4SCAR-GD2 T-cell expansion and persistence in patients were evaluated. Toxicities were determined based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.03. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled and finally ten patients were included in this clinical trial which started from January 1, 2016, to August 1, 2017. These patients had progressive disease (PD) before CAR T-cell infusion. After 4SCAR-GD2 T-cell treatment, 6 (6/10) had stable disease (SD) at 6 months, and 4 (4/10) remained SD at 1 year and alive after 3-4 years of follow-up. Six patients died due to disease progression by the end of July 1, 2020. The median overall survival (OS) time was 25 months (95% CI, 0.00-59.43), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 8 months (95% CI, 0.25-15.75). Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were the common adverse events frequently occurred after fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (Flu/cy) chemotherapy. Grade 1-2 toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neuropathic pain were common, but were transient and mild. CONCLUSIONS: The 4SCAR-GD2 T-cell therapy demonstrated antitumor effect and manageable toxicities, indicating its potential to benefit children with refractory and/or recurrent NB.

Role of abscisic acid in modulating drought acclimation, agronomic characteristics and ß-N-oxalyl-L-α,ß-diaminopropionic acid (ß-ODAP) accumulation in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.).

BACKGROUND: ß-N-oxalyl-l-α,ß-diaminopropionic acid (ß-ODAP) is a physiological indicator in response to drying soil. However, how abscisic acid (ABA) modulates ß-ODAP accumulation and its related agronomic characteristics in drought stressed grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) continue to be unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ABA addition on drought tolerance, agronomic characteristics and ß-ODAP content in grass pea under drought stress. RESULTS: Exogenous ABA significantly promoted ABA levels by 19.3% and 18.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, compared to CK (without ABA, used as control check treatment). ABA addition activated earlier trigger of non-hydraulic root-sourced signal at 69.1% field capacity (FC) (65.5% FC in CK) and accordingly prolonged its operation period to 45.6% FC (49.0% FC in CK). This phenomenon was mechanically associated with the physiological mediation of ABA, where its addition significantly promoted the activities of leaf superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase enzymes and the biosynthesis of leaf proline, simultaneously lowering the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under moderate and severe stresses. Interestingly, ABA application significantly increased seed ß-ODAP content by 21.7% and 21.3% under moderate and severe drought stress, but did not change leaf ß-ODAP content. Furthermore, ABA application produced similar shoot biomass and grain yield as control groups. CONCLUSION: Exogenous ABA improved the drought adaptability of grass pea and promoted the synthesis of ß-ODAP in seeds but not in leaves. Our findings provide novel insights into the agronomic role of ABA in relation to ß-ODAP enrichment in grass pea subjected to drought stress. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.