ABSTRACT
As periodontal and endodontic tissues have a close association, they come into close touch and have a lot of possible places for communication. In a clinical setting, this correlation promotes infection spread and results in the typical endo-perio lesion appearance. Because the two tissues are in close touch with one another, managing such lesions can be difficult. The success of treatment depends on a thorough examination and careful planning, with the sole focus on repair and regeneration. In these situations, bone graft materials with such characteristics have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. The treatment outcome along with a follow-up for a case of an endo-perio lesion with furcation involvement is shown in the accompanying case report. In treating such instances, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary, emphasizing regeneration.
ABSTRACT
Smoking is still a major public health issue that causes morbidity and mortality all over the world. The percentage of deaths caused by tobacco smoking has escalated from 1.4% in 1990 to 13.3% by 2020. There are numerous evidence-based tobacco control strategies available, and newer ones are always being developed. However, on ceasing the habit, cigarettes users go through a period of withdrawal with an increased percentage of relapse before entering to a more stable condition of sobriety in the long run. In this review, Endnote software was used as resource material to collect literature, which was then carefully arranged in a synchronised way. The Markov model captures the dynamic character of the quitting/relapse process, allowing for more accurate figures of abstinence rate, treatment outcomes and evaluating the performance of newer cessation initiatives during tobacco cessation counselling, as well as suggesting pathways for survivability.
