[Role of cytokines in chronic gastritis by Helicobacter pylori]. / Papel de las citoquinas en la gastritis crónica por Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is a curved, gram negative bacterium that inhabits only the gastric mucous membrane. Since its discovery and characterization, it has been related to the physiopathology of gastroduodenal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma. This has resulted in numerous hypotheses that try to explain the different events that take place during the inflammation. The bacterium Settler, characterized by a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes, linfocytes, etc.) which, after being activated, liberate locally various chemical mediators, which cause tissue damage. Among these, the cytokines are important mediators in this process. We have revised the literature related to the various biological functions of cytokines in tissue damage of the gastric mucosa.

Papel de las citoquinas en la gastritis crónica por Helicobacter pylori. / [Role of cytokines in chronic gastritis by Helicobacter pylori]

Helicobacter pylori is a curved, gram negative bacterium that inhabits only the gastric mucous membrane. Since its discovery and characterization, it has been related to the physiopathology of gastroduodenal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma. This has resulted in numerous hypotheses that try to explain the different events that take place during the inflammation. The bacterium Settler, characterized by a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes, linfocytes, etc.) which, after being activated, liberate locally various chemical mediators, which cause tissue damage. Among these, the cytokines are important mediators in this process. We have revised the literature related to the various biological functions of cytokines in tissue damage of the gastric mucosa.

[Anti-HCV in patients transfused, in a health area attended by a family physician. Medical Office 19 de Abril]. / Pesquisaje del anti-HVC en pacientes trasfundidos, pertenecientes a un área de salud atendida por el médico de la familia. Consultorio médico "19 de Abril".

The infection by the virus the hepatitis C (VHC) constitutes a health problem at world level. This situation has resulted in numerous researchers developing and using different means of diagnosis in order to know the actual prevalence of the virus. The main way of VHC transmission is blood and/or haemoderivates transfusion. It has been estimated that 90% of post-transfusional hepatitis are VHC. This situation motivated us to make a descriptive and transversal study in order to screen VHC in a group of patients who had been transfused with blood and/or haemoderivates. The patients came from the medical doctor's office N(o) 36 belonging the polyclinic "19 de April", in the city of Havana. The objective was to study the prevalence of the virus in our area and also to precise the main causes of the transfusion and the relationship between their number and the presence of anti-HVC. We found 35 patients who had been transfused (5.3%) in the population (653), and from these, three patients (8.5%) were anti-HVC positive. The main cause for having been transfused was anemia, being sicklemia the entity, which reported more patients with anti VHC positive. We also conclude that the probability of having an anti-HVC positive increases proportionally to the number of transfusions; these were significant differences between the groups who received a greater and a smaller number of transfusions.

Pesquisaje del anti-hcv en pacientes trasfundidos, pertenecientes a un área de salud atendida por el médico de la familia. Consultorio Médico 19 de abril / Research of anti-HCV in patients transfused, in a health area attended by a physician of the family. Medical office 19 de abril

The infection by the virus the hepatitis C (VHC) constitutes a health problem at world level. This situation has resulted in numerous researchers developing and using different means of diagnosis in order to know the actual prevalence of the virus. The main way of VHC transmission is blood and/or haemoderivates transfusion. It has been estimated that 90 per cent of post-transfusional hepatitis are VHC. This situation motivated us to make a descriptive and transversal study in order to screen VHC in a group of patients who had been transfused with blood and/or haemoderivates. The patients came from the medical doctors office N(o) 36 belonging the polyclinic "19 de April", in the city of Havana. The objective was to study the prevalence of the virus in our area and also to precise the main causes of the transfusion and the relationship between their number and the presence of anti-HVC. We found 35 patients who had been transfused (5.3 per cent) in the population (653), and from these, three patients (8.5 per cent) were anti-HVC positive. The main cause for having been transfused was anemia, being sicklemia the entity, which reported more patients with anti VHC positive. We also conclude that the probability of having an anti-HVC positive increases proportionally to the number of transfusions; these were significant differences between the groups who received a greater and a smaller number of transfusions. (Au)

Pesquisaje del anti-HVC en pacientes trasfundidos, pertenecientes a un área de salud atendida por el médico de la familia. Consultorio médico [quot ]19 de Abril[quot ]. / [Anti-HCV in patients transfused, in a health area attended by a family physician. Medical Office 19 de Abril]

The infection by the virus the hepatitis C (VHC) constitutes a health problem at world level. This situation has resulted in numerous researchers developing and using different means of diagnosis in order to know the actual prevalence of the virus. The main way of VHC transmission is blood and/or haemoderivates transfusion. It has been estimated that 90

of post-transfusional hepatitis are VHC. This situation motivated us to make a descriptive and transversal study in order to screen VHC in a group of patients who had been transfused with blood and/or haemoderivates. The patients came from the medical doctors office N(o) 36 belonging the polyclinic [quot ]19 de April[quot ], in the city of Havana. The objective was to study the prevalence of the virus in our area and also to precise the main causes of the transfusion and the relationship between their number and the presence of anti-HVC. We found 35 patients who had been transfused (5.3

) in the population (653), and from these, three patients (8.5

) were anti-HVC positive. The main cause for having been transfused was anemia, being sicklemia the entity, which reported more patients with anti VHC positive. We also conclude that the probability of having an anti-HVC positive increases proportionally to the number of transfusions; these were significant differences between the groups who received a greater and a smaller number of transfusions.

Pesquisaje del anti-hcv en pacientes trasfundidos, pertenecientes a un área de salud atendida por el médico de la familia. Consultorio Médico 19 de abril / Research of anti-HCV in patients transfused, in a health area attended by a physician of the family. Medical office 19 de abril

The infection by the virus the hepatitis C (VHC) constitutes a health problem at world level. This situation has resulted in numerous researchers developing and using different means of diagnosis in order to know the actual prevalence of the virus. The main way of VHC transmission is blood and/or haemoderivates transfusion. It has been estimated that 90 per cent of post-transfusional hepatitis are VHC. This situation motivated us to make a descriptive and transversal study in order to screen VHC in a group of patients who had been transfused with blood and/or haemoderivates. The patients came from the medical doctor's office N(o) 36 belonging the polyclinic "19 de April", in the city of Havana. The objective was to study the prevalence of the virus in our area and also to precise the main causes of the transfusion and the relationship between their number and the presence of anti-HVC. We found 35 patients who had been transfused (5.3 per cent) in the population (653), and from these, three patients (8.5 per cent) were anti-HVC positive. The main cause for having been transfused was anemia, being sicklemia the entity, which reported more patients with anti VHC positive. We also conclude that the probability of having an anti-HVC positive increases proportionally to the number of transfusions; these were significant differences between the groups who received a greater and a smaller number of transfusions.

[Vascular ectasias of the gastric antrum as the cause of chronic digestive hemorrhage. Presentation of a case]. / Ectasias vasculares del anatro gástrico como causa de sangramiento digestivo crónico. Presentación de un caso.

Digestive hemorrhages are one of the syndromes, that frequently attracts the attention of the gastroenterologist-endoscopist. Sometimes it's not evident during upper endoscopy study and course with a contrast radiological scan. In the last years a vascular pathology has been seen which is responsible of high digestive hemorrhages. It is manifested by melaena and is originated by vascular ectasias, which are vascular dilatations present in the stomach or right colon during various accompanying pathologies like hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension, cardiac valvulopaties, etc. Here we present a 61 year old woman with a history of chronic hepatopathy of cirrhotic type and imprecise etiology (diagnosed since 1983). Approximately two years ago (1996-1997) she has been presenting digestive hemorrhages and she has been transfused in different occasions because she had severe anemia. Diffuse vascular ectasias in the distal region of the antrum and in part of the gastric body were observed during duodenoscopy and colonoscopy with signs of active hemorrhage and similar non-bleeding lesions in the colon. Pyruvic transaminase was normal; HBV and HCV -markers were -negative. Ultrasound analysis was normal. The diagnosis at the discharge from Hospital was Diffuse Vascular Ectasias of the Gastric Antrum and part of the gastric body, caecum and right colon, secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. She was admitted again at the hospital because of new upper digestive hemorrhages and surgery was indicated. Gastric resection was performed with promising results. This case is analyzed and the pathology is results.

Ectasias vasculares del anatro gástrico como causa de sangramiento digestivo crónico: presentación de un caso / Vascular ectasias of the gastric antrum as the cause of chronic digestive hemorrhage: presentation of a case

La hemorragia digestiva es una de las causas que con frecuencia ocupa la atención del gastroenterologoendoscopia, a veces no es fácil el diagnóstico de certeza al no detectarse una hemorragia evidente en el estudio endoscópico alto y por supuesto con una pesquisa radiológica contrastada; en los últimos años se ha incorporado una patología vascular que es responsible de una patología vascular que es evidencia por melenas, cuyo, origen corresponde a las ectasias vasculares que son dilataciones vasculares, que pueden presentarse en el estómago o en el colon derecho en el curso de variadas patologías acompañante, como cirrosis hepática con hipertensión portal, valvulopatía cardíacas y etc. En tal sentido, presentamos un caso, del sexo feminino, de 61 años de edad, con historia de hepatopatía crónica de tipo cirrótica de etiología no precisada (diagnosticada esde 1983), que hace aproximadamente dos años (1996-1997), presenta cuadros de hemorragias digestivas, por lo cual ha sido trasfundida en varias ocasiones al presentar anemia grave. En la duodenoscopía y colonoscopía se observó ectasias vasculares difusas en la región distal del antro y parte del cuerpo gástrico (EVDAG) con signos de hemorragia activa y lesiones similares en el colon pero no sangrantes. La TGP se encuentro normal y los marcadores del virus de la hepatitis B y C fueron negativos. El exámen por imágenes (US) fue normal. No existían antecedente personales ni diagnóstico al egreso fue Ectasia Vascular Difusa del Antro Gástrico y parte del cuerpo gástrico del ciego y colon derecho asociada a cirrosis hepática. Por presentar nuevamente cuadro de hemorragia digestiva alta se reingresa y se decide intervención quirúrgica, realizandose resección gástrica con resultados alentadores. Se analiza el caso y serevisa la entidad. (AU)

Ectasias vasculares del anatro gástrico como causa de sangramiento digestivo crónico: presentación de un caso / Vascular ectasias of the gastric antrum as the cause of chronic digestive hemorrhage: presentation of a case

La hemorragia digestiva es una de las causas que con frecuencia ocupa la atención del gastroenterologoendoscopia, a veces no es fácil el diagnóstico de certeza al no detectarse una hemorragia evidente en el estudio endoscópico alto y por supuesto con una pesquisa radiológica contrastada; en los últimos años se ha incorporado una patología vascular que es responsible de una patología vascular que es evidencia por melenas, cuyo, origen corresponde a las ectasias vasculares que son dilataciones vasculares, que pueden presentarse en el estómago o en el colon derecho en el curso de variadas patologías acompañante, como cirrosis hepática con hipertensión portal, valvulopatía cardíacas y etc. En tal sentido, presentamos un caso, del sexo feminino, de 61 años de edad, con historia de hepatopatía crónica de tipo cirrótica de etiología no precisada (diagnosticada esde 1983), que hace aproximadamente dos años (1996-1997), presenta cuadros de hemorragias digestivas, por lo cual ha sido trasfundida en varias ocasiones al presentar anemia grave. En la duodenoscopía y colonoscopía se observó ectasias vasculares difusas en la región distal del antro y parte del cuerpo gástrico (EVDAG) con signos de hemorragia activa y lesiones similares en el colon pero no sangrantes. La TGP se encuentro normal y los marcadores del virus de la hepatitis B y C fueron negativos. El exámen por imágenes (US) fue normal. No existían antecedente personales ni diagnóstico al egreso fue Ectasia Vascular Difusa del Antro Gástrico y parte del cuerpo gástrico del ciego y colon derecho asociada a cirrosis hepática. Por presentar nuevamente cuadro de hemorragia digestiva alta se reingresa y se decide intervención quirúrgica, realizandose resección gástrica con resultados alentadores. Se analiza el caso y serevisa la entidad.