Efficacy of an aloe vera, chamomile, and thyme cosmetic cream for the prophylaxis and treatment of mild dermatitis induced by radiation therapy in breast cancer patients: a controlled clinical trial (Alantel Trials).

BACKGROUND: Dermatitis is a skin condition caused by multiple causes, including radiotherapy treatment. Pharmacological treatments can become chronic and are not exempt from side effects. The latest recommendations of the American Academy of Dermatology establish the use of natural, nourishing, and moisturizing cosmetic products as prevention and the first therapeutic step for dermatitis. Alantel® is a cream developed to reduce redness and irritation, promote the local immune system, combat immunosenescence, and promote the healing of epidermal lesions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a cream (Alantel) based on natural products at high concentrations for the preventive and curative treatment (at early stages) of radiation-induced dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Our protocol is an experimental, prospective, triple-blind, multicenter, controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms. The experimental group will be treated with Alantel, while the control group will receive another moisturizing cream. Radiotherapy oncology professionals will recruit a total of 88 patients (44 per comparison group) with breast cancer who will receive radiotherapy oncology treatment for 15 days, and they will be randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. Selected patients will be followed up for four visits by primary care physicians for up to 1 week after completion of radiotherapy. The main study variable will be the incidence rate of mild post-radiation dermatitis. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed, applying a comparison test for independent means and proportions. A bivariate and multivariate analysis will also be developed to check the treatment effect, adjusting for predictive sociodemographic and clinical variables. DISCUSSION: By carrying out this clinical trial, it is expected to verify that Alantel cream, based on natural products at high concentrations, has advantages over a moisturizing cream for the preventive and curative treatment of RD in patients with breast cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has been influenced by delaying the start of the study. One of the main limitations of this study will be the time required to recruit the patients from the planned sample, given that the selection criteria are restrictive and, although the study is multicenter, recruitment will be coordinated through a single service on radiotherapy oncology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04116151 . Registered on 4 October 2019.

Population-Based Cancer Prevention Education Intervention Through mHealth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Despite the high potential of mHealth-related educational interventions to reach large segments of the population, implementation and adoption of such interventions may be challenging. The objective of this study was to gather knowledge on the feasibility of a future cancer prevention education intervention based on the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC), using a population-based mHealth implementation strategy. A type-2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study was conducted in a sample of the Spanish general population to assess adoption, fidelity, appropriateness, and acceptability of an intervention to disseminate cancer prevention messages, and willingness to consult further digital information. Participation rates, sociodemographic data, mHealth use patterns and implementation outcomes were calculated. Receiving cancer prevention messages through mHealth is acceptable, appropriate (frequency, timing, understandability and perceived usefulness) and feasible. mHealth users reported high access to the Internet through different devices, high ability and confidence to browse a website, and high willingness to receive cancer prevention messages in the phone, despite low participation rates in comparison to the initial positive response rates. Although adoption of the intervention was high, post-intervention fidelity was seriously hampered by the disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, which may have affected recall bias. In the context of the Europe's Beating Cancer Plan to increase knowledge about cancer prevention across the European Union, this study contributes to inform the design of future interventions using mHealth at large scale, to ensure a broad coverage and adoption of cancer prevention messages as those promoted by the ECAC.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov from the U.S. National Library of Medicine, NCT05992792. Registered 15 August 2023 - Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05992792?cond=Cancer&term=NCT05992792&rank=1 .

Clinical and Epidemiological Profiles of Primary Healthcare Professionals with COVID-19 Infection and Long COVID: An Observational Study.

Health professionals have been one of the groups most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, there is little scientific evidence on the similarities and differences between COVID-19 infection and the development of long COVID in primary care (PC) workers. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse their clinical and epidemiological profiles in depth. This study was observational and descriptive, including PC professionals who were divided into three comparison groups based on the diagnostic test for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The responses were analysed using descriptive and bivariate analysis to examinate the relationship between independent variables and the presence or not of long COVID. Binary logistic regression analysis was also conducted, with each symptom as the dependent variable and each group as the independent variable. The results describe the sociodemographic characteristics of these population groups, revealing that women in the health sector are the most affected by long COVID and that being in this group is associated with its development. Furthermore, individuals with long COVID exhibited the highest number of symptoms and pathologies. Certain symptoms were found to be associated with long COVID development in this population, including an altered sense of smell, pneumonia, fever, and sore throat, among others. Similarly, altered senses of smell and taste, chest tightness, and joint pain, among others, were found to be associated with acute COVID-19 infection. Additionally, patients with pre-existing overweight or obesity were more likely to experience acute COVID-19 and develop long COVID. The data obtained can be crucial for improving the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of long COVID patients, ultimately leading to an enhancement in their quality of life.

Long COVID Symptomatology and Associated Factors in Primary Care Patients: The EPICOVID-AP21 Study.

Persistent COVID-19 condition includes a wide variety of symptoms and health problems of indeterminate duration. The present study examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population with Long COVID seen in Primary Care using a questionnaire based on the existing scientific literature. It was an observational and descriptive study of the characteristics of the Spanish population with Long COVID over 14 years of age. The responses were analysed by means of a descriptive analysis of the variables recorded, in addition to a bivariate analysis to determine the existence of a relationship between persistent COVID-19 and variables such as gender, age, vaccination status or concomitant pathology. The results obtained clearly describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the population, highlighting the predominance of female gender and the prevalence of tiredness and fatigue. Furthermore, relevant information was obtained on the differences in symptomatology according to gender, age, previous pathologies and alterations derived from infection and/or vaccination. These data are important for better detection, diagnosis and treatment of Long COVID and the improvement of the quality of life of this population.

Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms.

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great variability of symptoms that affect all organs and systems of the body has been identified in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; this symptomatology can sometimes persist over time, giving rise to the so-called long COVID or post-COVID. The aim of this study is to delve into the clinical characterization of these patients, as well as to take into account the influence of factors such as hospitalization, admission to ICU, history of pneumonia, or vaccination status on the persistence of symptoms. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, multicenter, and retrospective study was designed with a series of cases of people who presented long COVID, which includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Data were obtained from an online ad hoc questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software Version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Hospitalization, ICU admission, history of pneumonia, and vaccination were predictive factors (positive or negative) for the following long-COVID symptoms: headache, menstrual disorders, joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, seizures, sleeping difficulty, dry eyes, palpitations, fatigue, paresthesia, dyspnea, aphonia, chest pain, high blood pressure, vomiting, memory loss, brain fog, hypothermia, low blood pressure, sputum or phlegm, lack of concentration, hair loss, and erectile dysfunction. Conclusion: This study provides evidence on the clinical characterization of patients suffering from long COVID in order to offer them the most appropriate treatments.

Clinical Presentation of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection and Predictive Validity of the PCR Test in Primary Health Care Worker Patients of the Spanish National Health System.

BACKGROUND: Despite the impact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has presented in Spain, data on the diagnostic capacity of the symptoms associated with this infection are limited, especially among patients with mild symptoms and who are detected in the primary care field (PC). The objective of the present study was to know the associated symptoms and their predictive criterial validity in SARS-CoV-2 infection among professionals working in PC. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System, through an epidemiological survey directed to patients who underwent the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in the PC setting. RESULTS: A total of 1612 patients participated, of which 86.6% were PC healthcare professionals, and of these, 67.4% family doctors. Hyposmia, with a sensitivity of 42.69% (95% CI: 37.30-48.08) and a specificity of 95.91% (95% CI: 94.78-97.03), and ageusia with a sensitivity of 39.47% (34.15-44.80) and a specificity of 95.20% (93.98-96.41) were the symptoms with the highest criteria validity indexes. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies the specific symptoms of loss of smell or taste as the most frequently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, essential in the detection of COVID-19 given its high frequency and predictive capacity.

Frecuencia de aparición y validez predictiva de la disfunción olfatoria y del gusto en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Frequency and predictive validity of olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Antecedentes y objetivo: La disfunción olfatoria (DO) y gustativa (DG) han demostrado ser síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, su presencia en determinadas poblaciones, sobre todo en aquellas con cuadros clínicos leves, aún debe aclararse. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia de DO y DG, y su validez predictiva en pacientes detectados en Atención Primaria.Pacientes y métodosSe realizó un estudio transversal en el Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Se administró una encuesta epidemiológica dirigida a pacientes a los que se les solicitó la prueba PCR para SARS-CoV-2. Se estimaron las odds ratio (OR) para medir la magnitud de la asociación entre la DO y DG y la existencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos (VPP) y negativos (VPN) de estos síntomas en la infección por SARS-CoV-2.ResultadosSe captaron 1.038 pacientes, de los cuales el 20,1% presentaban infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las DO y DG estuvieron presentes en el 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0-72,1) y el 56,2% (IC 95% 47,9-64,2) de los sujetos con infección, respectivamente. La OR para la DO fue de 12,2 (IC 95% 8,26-18,06) y para la DG de 7,95 (IC 95% 5,48-11.53). La DG presentó una sensibilidad del 41,1% (IC 95% 34,4-46,1), una especificidad del 91,9% (IC 95% 89,8-93,7), un VPP del 56,2% (IC 95% 48,0-64,2) y un VPN de 86,1% (IC 95% 83,6-88,3), mientras que la DO mostró una sensibilidad del 45,0% (IC 95% 37,6-51,5), una especificidad del 93,7% (IC 95% 91,8-95,0), un VPP del 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0-72,1) y un VPN del 87,1% (IC 95% 84,7-89,2).ConclusionesMás de la mitad de los sujetos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentan DO o DG. La presencia de DO o de DG podría ser de utilidad diagnostica por su capacidad para predecir la infección en más de la mitad de las ocasiones. (AU)

Background and objective: Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care.Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated.ResultsOf 1,038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2).ConclusionsMore than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases. (AU)

Frequency and predictive validity of olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated. RESULTS: Of 1038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases.

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La disfunción olfatoria (DO) y gustativa (DG) han demostrado ser síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, su presencia en determinadas poblaciones, sobre todo en aquellas con cuadros clínicos leves, aún debe aclararse. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia de DO y DG, y su validez predictiva en pacientes detectados en Atención Primaria. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Se administró una encuesta epidemiológica dirigida a pacientes a los que se les solicitó la prueba PCR para SARS-CoV-2. Se estimaron las odds ratio (OR) para medir la magnitud de la asociación entre la DO y DG y la existencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos (VPP) y negativos (VPN) de estos síntomas en la infección por SARS-CoV-2. RESULTADOS: Se captaron 1.038 pacientes, de los cuales el 20,1% presentaban infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las DO y DG estuvieron presentes en el 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0­72,1) y el 56,2% (IC 95% 47,9­64,2) de los sujetos con infección, respectivamente. La OR para la DO fue de 12,2 (IC 95% 8,26−18,06) y para la DG de 7,95 (IC 95% 5,48−11.53). La DG presentó una sensibilidad del 41,1% (IC 95% 34,4­46,1), una especificidad del 91,9% (IC 95% 89,8­93,7), un VPP del 56,2% (IC 95% 48,0­64,2) y un VPN de 86,1% (IC 95% 83,6­88,3), mientras que la DO mostró una sensibilidad del 45,0% (IC 95% 37,6­51,5), una especificidad del 93,7% (IC 95% 91,8­95,0), un VPP del 64,4% (IC 95% 56,0­72,1) y un VPN del 87,1% (IC 95% 84,7­89,2). CONCLUSIONES: Más de la mitad de los sujetos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentan DO o DG. La presencia de DO o de DG podría ser de utilidad diagnostica por su capacidad para predecir la infección en más de la mitad de las ocasiones.

[Frequency and predictive validity of olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection]. / Frecuencia de aparición y validez predictiva de la disfunción olfatoria y del gusto en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD, TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its presence in certain populations, especially those with mild clinical symptoms, has not been clarified. The objective was to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients detected in Primary Care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System. An epidemiological survey was administered to patients who were requested the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Odds ratio (OR) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD and TD and the existence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection were calculated. RESULTS: Of 1,038 patients screened, 20.1% had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were present in 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI 47.9-64.2) of the subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD was 12.2 (95% CI 8.26-18.06) and for TD was 7.95 (95% CI 5.48-11.53). TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI 83.6-88.3), while the OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI 56.0-72.1) and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI 84.7-89.2). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have OD or TD. The presence of OD or TD could be of diagnostic utility due to its ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases.

Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en médicos de familia: un estudio de casos y controles / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in family physicians: A case-control study

Objetivo: Identificar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas asociadas a la presencia de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en médicos de familia que desempeñan su actividad laboral en atención primaria (AP) o en urgencias de hospital. Diseño: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Participantes: Un total de 969 médicos de AP, urgencias hospitalarias y otros centros extrahospitalarios que dispusieran de RT-PCR para la detección del virus SARS-CoV-2. De estos, 133 participaron como casos (PCR positiva) y 836 como controles (PCR negativa).Intervenciones: No. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas y laborales, contacto con enfermo de COVID-19, síntomas presentes durante el proceso, primer síntoma manifestado, enfermedades crónicas previas y consumo de tabaco. Resultados: Del total de la muestra el 13,7% (IC 95%: 11,6-16,0), eran casos infectados con el SARS-CoV-2. Los síntomas declarados más frecuentemente por los infectados fueron sensación de fatiga/cansancio (69,2%; IC 95%: 60,9-77,4%), tos (56,4%; IC 95%: 47,6-65,2%) y cefalea (55,6%; IC 95%: 46,8-64,4%). Mediante regresión logística, las variables asociadas de manera independiente con la infección por virus SARS-CoV-2 en médicos de familia fueron: contacto previo con enfermo COVID-19 (OR: 2,3; IC 95%: 1,2-4,2), presentar fatiga/cansancio (OR: 2,2; IC 95%: 1,2-3,9), alteración del olfato (4,6; IC 95%: 1,7-12,5), alteración del gusto (OR: 32,0; IC 95%: 9,6-106,8), tos (OR: 3,0; IC 95%: 1,7-5,3) y fiebre (OR: 6,1; IC 95%: 3,2-11,4). Conclusiones: Los síntomas relacionados de forma independiente con la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en médicos de familia fueron la fatiga, la fiebre, la tos y la alteración del gusto y del olfato. La presencia de estos síntomas podría facilitar el diagnóstico de sospecha de enfermedad COVID-19 y la selección más precoz de aquellos que precisan pruebas de confirmación.(AU)

Objective: To identify the sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with the presence of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in family physicians who carry out their work in Primary Care (PC) or in Hospital Emergencies. Desing: Observational analytical case-control study. Site: Primary care. Participants: 969 Primare Care Physicians, Hospital Emergency physicians and other extrahospitalry centers that had PCR for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 133 participated as cases (PCR positive) and 836 as controls (PCR negative). Interventions: No. Main measurements: Sociodemographic and work, contact with a COVID-19 patient, symptoms present during the process, first manifested symptom, previous chronic pathologies, and tobacco use. Results: 13.7% (95% CI: 11.6-16.0) were cases infected with SARS-CoV-2. The most frequently declared symptoms by those infected were a feeling of fatigue/tiredness (69.2%; 95% CI: 60.9-77.4%), cough (56.4%; 95% CI: 47.6-65.2%) and headache (55.6%; 95% CI: 46.8-64.4%).Using logistic regression, the variables independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in Family Physicians were: previous contact with a COVID-19 patient (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.2), present fatigue / tiredness (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-3.9), smell alteration (4.6; 95% CI: 1.7-12.5), taste alteration (OR: 32.0; 95% CI: 9.6-106.8), cough (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.3) and fever (OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 3.2-11.4). Conclusions: Symptoms independently related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in Family Physicians were fatigue, fever, cough, and altered taste and smell. The presence of these symptoms could facilitate the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 disease and the earlier selection of those that require confirmatory tests.(AU)

[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in family physicians: A case-control study]. / Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en médicos de familia: un estudio de casos y controles.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with the presence of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in family physicians who carry out their work in Primary Care (PC) or in Hospital Emergencies. DESING: Observational analytical case-control study. SITE: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 969 Primare Care Physicians, Hospital Emergency physicians and other extrahospitalry centers that had PCR for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 133 participated as cases (PCR positive) and 836 as controls (PCR negative). INTERVENTIONS: No. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic and work, contact with a COVID-19 patient, symptoms present during the process, first manifested symptom, previous chronic pathologies, and tobacco use. RESULTS: 13.7% (95% CI: 11.6-16.0) were cases infected with SARS-CoV-2. The most frequently declared symptoms by those infected were a feeling of fatigue/tiredness (69.2%; 95% CI: 60.9-77.4%), cough (56.4%; 95% CI: 47.6-65.2%) and headache (55.6%; 95% CI: 46.8-64.4%).Using logistic regression, the variables independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in Family Physicians were: previous contact with a COVID-19 patient (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.2), present fatigue / tiredness (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-3.9), smell alteration (4.6; 95% CI: 1.7-12.5), taste alteration (OR: 32.0; 95% CI: 9.6-106.8), cough (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.3) and fever (OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 3.2-11.4). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms independently related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in Family Physicians were fatigue, fever, cough, and altered taste and smell. The presence of these symptoms could facilitate the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 disease and the earlier selection of those that require confirmatory tests.

Health-Related Lifestyles and Cancer-Preventive Behaviors of Medical and Nursing Students and Family Medicine Residents in Relation to the European Code Against Cancer.

Family medicine (FM) residents and medical and nursing students play an important role in the development of preventive and health-promoting activities. The objective was to evaluate the health-related lifestyles and cancer-preventive behaviors of medical and nursing students and FM residents in relation to the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in Spain. Medical and nursing students and FM residents completed a self-administered questionnaire focused on health-related habits and clinical behaviors related to the ECAC. A total of 740 participants completed the questionnaire. About 12.2% (95% CI [9.8-14.5]) were smokers, and 77.3% (95% CI [74.3-80.3]) sporadically consumed alcohol; 34.2% (95% CI [30.8-37.6]) practiced physical activity 2-3 times a week, and 12.1% (95% CI [9.8-14.5]) were overweight or obese. About 54.2% (95% CI [50.6-57.8]) regularly consumed vegetables. Differences were detected in the completion of screening tests for colorectal cancer (p < 0.001), breast cancer (p = 0.023), cervical cancer (p = 0.006), and prostate-specific antigen determination (p < 0.001) in relation to the participants' academic profiles. Our results reveal heterogeneous practices between the participants in terms of health-related habits. Awareness about the risks of smoking and being overweight were high; however, the perception of the risks associated with solar exposure and alcohol consumption was poor. There was general agreement upon the importance of performing screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, but there were discrepancies related to the need to perform the prostate cancer screening test.

Awareness of the European Code Against Cancer of Family Medicine Residents and Nursing and Medicine Students in Spain.

Health professionals and students in training are key for early diagnosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of Family Medicine (FM) residents and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate students in Spain regarding the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study. LOCATION: Teaching Units of FM of Cordoba and Ceuta and Schools of Medicine and Nursing of the Universities of Cordoba and Francisco de Vitoria of Madrid (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: residents of FM and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate Spanish students. INTERVENTION: self-administered questionnaire to assess the awareness about the ECAC. A total of 651 subjects participated (52.4% [95% CI 48.5-56.2] Nursing students, 34% [95% CI 30.3-37.6] Medicine students, and 13.6% [95% CI 11.0-16.3] FM residents). Of the total subjects participated, 74.8% were women. Mean age: 22.34 years (standard deviation, 4.68; range, 18-52; 95% CI, 21.98-22.70). A total of 76.8% (95% CI 73.5-80.1) declared to be unaware of the ECAC. Those referring to be aware of the ECAC mainly knew it through degree subjects (7.5% [95% CI 5.5.5-9.6]). Residents of FM (p < 0.001), older participants (p < 0.001), and those belonging to the Teaching Units (p = 0.002) showed a better awareness of the ECAC. Our findings reveal the unawareness on the ECAC in three out of four participants. The access to the advice described in the ECAC through the Medicine and Nursing Schools and FM Teaching Units is poor. The awareness of the ECAC of postgraduate residents is higher than that the awareness of the undergraduate students.

Grado de conocimiento del Código Europeo contra el Cáncer entre los estudiantes universitarios, residentes y profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria / Degree of knowledge of the European Code against Cancer among university students, residents and health professionals of primary care

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Conocimiento, conducta y actitud ante el Código europeo contra el cáncer por parte de los profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria / Knowledge, conduct and attitude before the European Code against Cancer by health professionals of primary care

OBJETIVO: Determinar si los profesionales de atención primaria (AP) conocen el Código europeo contra el cáncer (CECC) y si ello se relaciona con que practiquen sus recomendaciones. DISEÑO: Observacional descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Centros de AP españoles. PARTICIPANTES: Profesionales de AP. INTERVENCIONES: Cuestionario autoadministrado. Mediciones principales: Factores de riesgo y protectores del cáncer, pruebas de cribado y conocimiento del CECC. RESULTADOS: Respondieron 1.734 profesionales (10,5%), edad media de 48,5 años (DT: 9,2), el 71,5% mujeres. El 50,0% desconoce el CECC; los tutores (OR = 1,61), adscritos al PAPPS (OR=1,51) y que llevan más tiempo trabajando en AP (OR = 2,62) son los que más lo conocen. El 7,2% fuma y el 79,1% bebe alcohol. El 64,1% presenta normopeso y el 19% realiza actividad física. Evita exponerse al sol el 52,7% y usa protectores el 53,8%. El 85,2% nunca se ha realizado un cribado colorrectal, el 11% nunca una citología y el 12% una mamografía. Existe relación entre conocer el CECC y el tabaquismo (p < 0,001), sobrepeso/obesidad (p = 0,024), actividad física (p = 0,003), ingesta de carnes (p < 0,001), mamografía (p < 0,001), citología (p = 0,022), PSA (p = 0,045), así como el fomento de sus consejos entre los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: El CECC es desconocido por la mitad de los profesionales de AP. La práctica de sus recomendaciones es desigual, siendo la prevalencia de tabaquismo baja, y la protección solar una conducta poco extendida. Los que lo conocen son los que más practican sus recomendaciones

OBJECTIVE: To decide if Primary Care (PC) professionals know the European Code against Cancer (CECC) and if this relates to practice the recommendations with themselves and with their patients. DESIGN: descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Spanish Health Centers. PARTICIPANTS: Health professionals. Interventions self-administered questionnaire. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: cancer protective and risk factors, screening for colorectal, breast, cervix and prostate cancer, level of knowledge of the ECAC. RESULTS: 1734 participants (10.5%), mean age 47.4 years (SD: 8.6), 71.5% female. 50.0% do not know the CECC; tutors (OR = 1.61), assigned to the PAPPS (OR = 1.51) and who have been working in AP for more time (OR = 2.62) are the ones who know it most. 7.2% smoke and 79.1% drink alcohol. 64.1% presented normal weight and 19% performed physical activity. They avoid exposing themselves to the sun 52.7% and use protectors 53.8%. 85.2% have never had a colorectal screening, 11% never had a cytology, and 12% had a mammogram. There is a relationship between knowing the CECC and smoking (P < .001), overweight/obesity (P = .024), physical activity (P = .003), meat intake (P < .001), mammography (P < .001), cytology (P=.022), PSA (P = .045), as well as the promotion of their advice among patients. CONCLUSIONS: The CECC is unknown by half of the AP professionals. The practice of its recommendations is uneven, with the prevalence of low smoking, and sun protection a little extended behavior. Those who know him are the ones who most practice his recommendations

[Knowledge, conduct and attitude before the European Code against Cancer by health professionals of primary care]. / Conocimiento, conducta y actitud ante el Código europeo contra el cáncer por parte de los profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To decide if Primary Care (PC) professionals know the European Code against Cancer (CECC) and if this relates to practice the recommendations with themselves and with their patients. DESIGN: descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Spanish Health Centers. PARTICIPANTS: Health professionals. INTERVENTIONS: self-administered questionnaire. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: cancer protective and risk factors, screening for colorectal, breast, cervix and prostate cancer, level of knowledge of the ECAC. RESULTS: 1734 participants (10.5%), mean age 47.4 years (SD: 8.6), 71.5% female. 50.0% do not know the CECC; tutors (OR=1.61), assigned to the PAPPS (OR=1.51) and who have been working in AP for more time (OR=2.62) are the ones who know it most. 7.2% smoke and 79.1% drink alcohol. 64.1% presented normal weight and 19% performed physical activity. They avoid exposing themselves to the sun 52.7% and use protectors 53.8%. 85.2% have never had a colorectal screening, 11% never had a cytology, and 12% had a mammogram. There is a relationship between knowing the CECC and smoking (P<.001), overweight/obesity (P=.024), physical activity (P=.003), meat intake (P<.001), mammography (P<.001), cytology (P=.022), PSA (P=.045), as well as the promotion of their advice among patients. CONCLUSIONS: The CECC is unknown by half of the AP professionals. The practice of its recommendations is uneven, with the prevalence of low smoking, and sun protection a little extended behavior. Those who know him are the ones who most practice his recommendations.

Comorbilidad y factores sociodemográficos asociados a litiasis renal en personas de 40 a 65 años: estudio transversal / Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in persons aged 40 to 65: A cross-sectional study

Fundamento y objetivo: La litiasis renal es una de las enfermedades urológicas más importantes. Parece estar relacionada con factores sociodemográficos y climáticos, estilos de vida y comorbilidad preexistente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, ciertos factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas, y la litiasis renal. Pacientes y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal, seleccionando a población española de 40 a 65 años, combinando 2 muestras aleatorias (PreLiRenA y PreLiRenE). Los datos fueron recogidos por encuestas telefónicas personales, recopilando información sobre variables sociodemográficas y la morbilidad percibida. También se recogieron datos sobre las temperaturas medias anuales en cada región española. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 4.894 sujetos; el 51,3% eran mujeres; el 25% tenían entre 40 y 45 años; el 36% tenían educación primaria y el 31,4% eran de clase social baja. La prevalencia global de litiasis renal fue del 15,0% (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,5-15,5). Por medio del análisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron una fuerte relación estadística con la presencia de litiasis renal fueron: edad avanzada (61-65 años, OR=1,39; IC 95% 1,06-1,8), clase social alta (OR=1,98; IC 95% 1,29-2,62), antecedentes familiares de litiasis renal (OR=2,22; IC 95% 1,88-2,65), hipertensión arterial (OR=1,68; IC 95% 1,39-2,02) y sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=1,31; IC 95% 1,12-1,54). Se observó una correlación entre la litiasis renal y las temperaturas medias anuales en las regiones españolas (r=0,59; p=0,013). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre litiasis renal y edad avanzada, pertenecer a clases sociales altas, existencia de antecedentes familiares de urolitiasis, y tener hipertensión y sobrepeso/obesidad. La prevalencia de la litiasis renal es mayor en las zonas climáticas más cálidas (AU)

Background and objective: Renal lithiasis is one of the most important urological diseases. It seems to be related to different socio-demographic and climatic factors, lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables, certain risk factors and chronic diseases and the renal lithiasis. Patients and method: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out, selecting the Spanish population aged from 40 to 65 years, combining 2 random samples (PreLiRenA and PreLiRenE studies). Data were collected by personal telephone surveys, gathering information on socio-demographic variables and perceived morbidity. Data on annual average temperatures in each Spanish region were also collected. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: A total of 4,894 subjects were surveyed; 51.3% were women; 25% were aged 40-45 years, 36% had primary school education and 31.4% were of low social class. The overall prevalence of renal lithiasis was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.5-15.5). By means of multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a strong statistical relationship with the presence of renal lithiasis were: older age (61-65 years; OR=1.39; 95% CI 1.06-1.80), high social class (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.29-2.62), family history of renal lithiasis (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.88-2.65), high blood pressure (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.39-2.02) and overweight/obesity (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.54). A correlation was observed between renal lithiasis and average annual temperatures in the Spanish regions (r=0.59; P=.013). Conclusions: A relationship was observed between renal lithiasis and older age, belonging to higher social classes, the existence of a family history of urolithiasis, and hypertension and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of renal lithiasis is greater in warmer climate zones (AU)

Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in persons aged 40 to 65: A cross-sectional study. / Comorbilidad y factores sociodemográficos asociados a litiasis renal en personas de 40 a 65 años: estudio transversal.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Renal lithiasis is one of the most important urological diseases. It seems to be related to different socio-demographic and climatic factors, lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables, certain risk factors and chronic diseases and the renal lithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out, selecting the Spanish population aged from 40 to 65 years, combining 2 random samples (PreLiRenA and PreLiRenE studies). Data were collected by personal telephone surveys, gathering information on socio-demographic variables and perceived morbidity. Data on annual average temperatures in each Spanish region were also collected. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 4,894 subjects were surveyed; 51.3% were women; 25% were aged 40-45 years, 36% had primary school education and 31.4% were of low social class. The overall prevalence of renal lithiasis was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.5-15.5). By means of multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a strong statistical relationship with the presence of renal lithiasis were: older age (61-65 years; OR=1.39; 95% CI 1.06-1.80), high social class (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.29-2.62), family history of renal lithiasis (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.88-2.65), high blood pressure (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.39-2.02) and overweight/obesity (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.54). A correlation was observed between renal lithiasis and average annual temperatures in the Spanish regions (r=0.59; P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: A relationship was observed between renal lithiasis and older age, belonging to higher social classes, the existence of a family history of urolithiasis, and hypertension and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of renal lithiasis is greater in warmer climate zones.

Prevalencia de la urolitiasis en la población española de 40 a 65 años: Estudio PreLiRenE / Prevalence of urolithiasis in the 40 to 65 year old Spanish population: The PreLiRenE study

Fundamento y objetivo: La urolitiasis constituye una afección frecuente, cuya prevalencia se ha incrementado a nivel mundial. En Andalucía (España) el estudio PreLiRenA mostró una elevada prevalencia (16,4%; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,8-17,8) en población de 40 a 65 años, lo cual nos hizo cuestionarnos cuál sería la situación a nivel nacional. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de urolitiasis en la población española de entre 40 y 65 años. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional, transversal, mediante muestreo estratificado según las regiones del país, sexo y edad. Se realizaron un total de 2.444 entrevistas telefónicas mediante un cuestionario que incluía variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y bivariada, calculando las ratios de prevalencia (RP) con IC 95%. Resultados: De los 2.444 sujetos entrevistados, el 51,2% (n = 1.251) eran mujeres. La prevalencia de urolitiasis fue del 14,6% (IC 95% 13,1-15,9), y la incidencia, del 2,9% (IC 95% 2,2-3,6). Se observaron diferencias significativas respecto a la edad, con una mayor prevalencia en pacientes de 46-50 años (RP 1,58; IC 95% 1,12-2,21; p < 0,001) y 61-65 años (RP 1,47; IC 95% 1,02-2,13), así como de clase social elevada (RP 1,75; IC 95% 1,07-2,86; p = 0,024). Un 52,8% presentó más de un episodio de urolitiasis. El 46,9% expulsó el cálculo espontáneamente y el 51,1% fue diagnosticado en Urgencias. Conclusiones: Se observa una elevada prevalencia de urolitiasis entre la población española de 40 a 65 años, sobre todo entre los sujetos de clase social superior y mediana edad, así como una alta tasa de recurrencia (AU)

Background and objective: Urolithiasis is a common urologic condition with increasing incidence in the population worldwide. In Andalusia (Spain), the PreLiRenA study showed a high prevalence (16.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.8-17.8) of this condition in population aged between 40 and 65 years. The interesting results reported in that study encouraged us to further investigate the magnitude of this condition at a national level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years. Patients and method: This is an observational, cross-sectional, prevalence, stratified sampling study by Spanish region, sex and age. A total of 2,444 telephone interviews were conducted using a questionnaire that covered several sociodemographic and clinical variables. Bivariate, descriptive statistical study was performed. The prevalence ratio (PR) with the 95% CI was calculated. Results: Of the 2,444 subjects interviewed, 51.2% (n = 1,251) were women. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were 14.6% (95% CI 13.1-15.9) and 2.9% (95% CI 2.2-3.6), respectively. Significant differences were found by age, with a higher prevalence in 46-50 years (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.21;P < .001) and 61-65 years (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02-2.13), and upper-class subjects (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.07-2.86; P < .024). Of respondents, 52.8% had experienced more than one episode of urolithiasis. A total of 46.9% passed the calculus spontaneously, and 51.1% were diagnosed in the Emergency Unit. Conclusions: The prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years is high; especially among upper-class subjects and in middle-aged. A high recurrence rate is also observed (AU)