ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen pocos estudios sobre la recomendación de soluciones de aguas de mar y el grado de adherencia y satisfacción de los pacientes/usuarios. OBJETIVO: Analizar el perfil de recomendación del médico de los lavados nasales con solución isotónica de agua de mar, el seguimiento y la satisfacción del usuario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, epidemiológico, transversal y multicéntrico basado en un registro médico y una encuesta telefónica estructurada a pacientes/usuarios de lavados nasales con agua de mar. RESULTADOS: Participaron 175 médicos (87 pediatras, 53 otorrinolaringólogos, 35 alergólogos) y se entrevistaron por teléfono 1.350 usuarios. Los principales motivos de recomendación: congestión nasal (65,2%), rinitis (34,6%) e higiene (30,6%). La pauta más recomendada es 3 lavados/día durante 3 semanas. El 95% de los usuarios siguió las instrucciones del médico. El principal beneficio es la mejora de la congestión nasal (85,2%), la mucosidad (77,7%) y la dificultad para respirar (72,2%). Un 66,4% refirió haber acortado los días de enfermedad y un 52,8% reducir el uso de medicamentos. La valoración global fue buena o muy buena en el 93,85% de los casos. CONCLUSIONES: El seguimiento del paciente/usuario de la recomendación médica sobre lavados nasales con soluciones de agua de mar es alto y no interfiere de manera importante con su rutina diaria. Sus principales beneficios son la reducción de la congestión nasal, la mucosidad y la dificultad para respirar, así como el acortamiento de los días de enfermedad y el menor consumo de medicamentos. Dos de cada tres lo consideran mejor que el suero fisiológico tradicional
INTRODUCTION: There are few studies on the criteria for recommending the physiological seawater solutions and the adherence and satisfaction of the patients/users. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the medical recommendation profile of nasal washes with isotonic solution of seawater, the follow-up of recommendation and overall satisfaction of the users. Materials and methodology: Observational, epidemiological, cross-sectional and multi-center study based on a medical record and a structured telephone survey of patients/users of nasal washes with isotonic microdiffusion of sea water. RESULTS: A total of 175 physicians participated (87 paediatricians, 53 otolaryngologists and 35 allergists) and 1350 users were interviewed by telephone. The main reasons for recommendation: nasal congestion (65.2%), rhinitis (34.6%) and hygiene (30.6%). The most recommended pattern was 3 washes daily for 3 weeks. 95% of users followed the doctor's instructions. The main benefits were improvement of nasal congestion (85.2%), mucus (77.7%), rhinorrhea (75.6%) and difficulty in breathing (72.2%). 66.4% reported having shortened sick days and 52.8% that had reduced the use of other medications. The overall assessment of the product was good or very good in 93.85% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The follow-up by the patient/user of medical recommendation on nasal washes with seawater solutions is high and does not interfere in an important way with the daily routine of patient. The main benefit is the reduction of nasal congestion, mucus and difficulty in breathing, as well as the shortening of sick days and the lower consumption of medications. Two out of three subjects consider their use better than traditional physiological saline
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Nasal Lavage/methods , Seawater , Patient Satisfaction , Nose Diseases/therapy , Interviews as Topic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Administration, Inhalation , Nose Diseases/classificationABSTRACT
This article deals with a methodology for the design of routes for the "bin to bin" (BTB) collection of paper and cardboard waste (PCB) from small businesses, as well as with the new location and calculation of the number of containers needed in the streets for both commercial and non-commercial use due to the large amount of PCB deposited in them. This study was carried out in five shopping areas of the city of Leganés (Community of Madrid, Spain). One of the characteristics of the area is a high density of population and urban traffic. The tool used is the Geographical Information System (GIS-Arc-View). With it we can generate PCB points of high population density in commercial streets based on territorial analysis. We placed the special routes and the new container locations within a distance of 60 m of these collection points (CPT). The system calculates and optimizes six routes according to different urban restrictions. Finally, we provided service to 59% of the shops, which generate almost 82% of the PCB waste, using 160 min per day to collect 1027 kg of high quality PCB. If we compare the system with the system in place previously, we can conclude that the "bin to bin" (BTB) system improves the quality of the PCB in the containers, avoiding overflow and reducing the percentage of rejected material.