Study on the impact of R&D input intensity on technological innovation output - Based on data from China's high technology industry.

With the continuous promotion of China's innovation-driven development strategy, the role of technological innovation on economic development has become increasingly important. In this context, the support of R&D capital investment for technological innovation also becomes non-negligible. This leads to the question of whether the allocation of R&D capital is reasonable and whether there is room for further improvement. This paper is based on inter-provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, which are classified based on China's National Bureau of Statistics for R&D funding sources in high-tech industries and incorporated into an overall discussion framework. Using STATA16 statistical software, the R&D innovation output of high-tech industries is inves-tigated by building a PVAR model with the perspective of funding sources of R&D input intensity. The study results show that (1) the increase in the intensity of enterprises' own capital investment has a positive impact on innovation output because it can generate a financial "reservoir" effect to support technological innovation. (2) the increase in the intensity of government capital invest-ment has a positive impact on innovation output because it can alleviate the loss of income of en-terprises due to "R&D spillover" and will send a positive signal to the market. (3) the foreign in-vestment intensity has a positive impact on the innovation output of enterprises due to the com-bined effect of "spillover effect" and "crowding out effect". (4) the increase of other capital in-vestment intensity also has a neutral effect on the increase of innovation output under the current financial market environment. Finally, based on the above findings, corresponding policy impli-cations are drawn. This study will help to improve the understanding of R&D capital allocation imbalance and R&D input and output issues in developing countries and provide a reference for policy makers.

Synthesis of temperature- and humidity-induced dual stimulation film PU-PNIPAm n and its independent film formation as a smart window application.

Dynamic windows, which switch between transparent and opaque states as the temperature changes, can be applied in buildings to reduce building energy consumption. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) is the most studied thermochromic hydrogel for climate-resilient smart window applications. In addition to its poor mechanical properties and low reaction rate, the PNIPAm hydrogel must be sandwiched between two pieces of glass to form an interlayer in practical applications. Here, durable PU-PNIPAm n copolymers for smart windows were synthesized by reacting the synthesized poly-NIPAm diols with isocyanate (-NCO) monomer, which greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel and it was able to form a film alone. These temperature-sensitive films can switch between transparent (>80% transmittance) and opaque (<5% transmittance) states in less than 10 minutes, with no degradation in optical contrast, switching speed, or uniformity after at least 100 switching cycles.

Laser cooling of the AlCl molecule with a three-electronic-level theoretical model.

Feasibility of laser-cooling AlCl molecule is investigated using ab initio quantum chemistry. Potential energy curves, permanent dipole moments, and transition dipole moments for the X(1)Σ(+), a(3)Π, and A(1)Π states are studied based on multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson corrections (MRCI+Q) method with ACVQZ basis set, spin-orbit coupling effects are considered at the MRCI+Q level. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factors (f00 = 0.9988 and f11 = 0.9970) and branching ratios (R00 = 0.9965, R01 = 2.85 × 10(-3), R02 = 6.35 × 10(-4), and R03 = 2.05 × 10(-6)) for the A(1)Π1(ν(')=0)→X(1)Σ0(+) (+)(ν(″)=0) transition are determined. A sufficiently radiative lifetime τ (A(1)Π1) = 4.99 ns is predicted for rapid laser cooling. The proposed cooling wavelength is deep in the ultraviolet region at λ00 = 261.75 nm. Total emission rates for the a(3)Π0(+) →X(1)Σ0(+) (+), a(3)Π1→X(1)Σ0(+) (+), A(1)Π1 → a(3)Π0(+) , and A(1)Π1 → a(3)Π1 transitions are particularly small (∼10 s(-1)-650 s(-1)). The calculated vibrational branching loss ratio to the intermediate a(3)Π0(+) and a(3)Π1 states can be negligible. The results imply the probability of laser cooling AlCl molecule with three-electronic-level.

Laser cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules in an ab initio method.

In this study, the feasibility of laser-cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules is studied using ab initio quantum chemistry. The potential energy curves for the X(2)Σ(+), A(2)Π, and 2(2)Π electronic states of BeCl and BeBr are plotted based on multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson corrections (MRCI + Q), and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects are considered at the MRCI + Q level. The calculated spectroscopic parameters agree with the experimental data. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factors are determined for the A(2)Π(ν' = 0) ← X(2)Σ(+)(ν'' = 0) transition: f00(BeCl) = 0.947 and f00(BeBr) = 0.966. Moreover, the suitable radiative lifetimes τ of the A(2)Π(ν' = 0) state are determined for rapid laser cooling: τ(BeCl) = 18.38 ns and τ(BeBr) = 27.09 ns. The proposed cooling wavelengths of both BeCl and BeBr are within the ultraviolet region at λ00(BeCl) = 358.51 nm and λ00(BeBr) = 379.38 nm. Laser cooling schemes for BeCl and BeBr molecules are also developed in consideration of the SOC effects. These results indicate that the inclusion of SOC effects does not affect the judgment of the feasibility of laser cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules, even for the given BeBr molecules in which the SOC effect is significant.

Laser cooling of MgCl and MgBr in theoretical approach.

Ab initio calculations for three low-lying electronic states (X(2)Σ(+), A(2)Π, and 2(2)Π) of MgCl and MgBr molecules, including spin-orbit coupling, are performed using multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson correction method. The calculations involve all-electronic basis sets and Douglas-Kroll scalar relativistic correction. Spectroscopic parameters well agree with available theoretical and experimental data. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factors f00 for A(2)Π3/2,1/2 (υ' = 0) → X(2)Σ(+) 1/2 (υ″ = 0) are determined for both MgCl and MgBr molecules. Suitable radiative lifetimes τ of A(2)Π3/2,1/2 (υ' = 0) states for rapid laser cooling are also obtained. The proposed laser drives A(2)Π3/2 (υ' = 0) → X(2)Σ(+) 1/2 (υ″ = 0) transition by using three wavelengths (main pump laser λ00; two repumping lasers λ10 and λ21). These results indicate the probability of laser cooling MgCl and MgBr molecules.