Unraveling the Mechanism of the Brust-Schiffrin Formation of Au25(SR)18 through Mass Spectrometry.

The Brust-Schiffrin (BS) method for gold nanoparticle (Au NP) synthesis is celebrated for its ability to produce highly monodisperse NPs from toluene-water solutions, in contrast to aqueous methods, such as the Turkevich method. Despite the method's success, the actual formation mechanisms remain largely unknown due to difficulty in studying the intermediates with species-differentiating techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The issue lies in the use of solvents poorly compatible with these techniques and the difficulty in differentiating useful intermediate species from side products and impurities in such one-pot reactions. Herein, we use our recently formulated fully aqueous BS reaction to study the formation mechanisms. MS is chiefly employed to capture the intermediate species, and the Au25(SR)18 nanocluster is used as a thermodynamically reliable end-point. We find that the BS method may comprise a unilateral complex-shedding stage in addition to the known thiol-etching stage.

Magnetic-stirring-enhanced mechanical amorphous dispersion extraction for the hydrophobic phytochemical constituents using an aqueous solution from a medicinal plant.

A method involving chitosan-assisted magnetic-stirring-enhanced mechanical amorphous dispersion extraction was developed and utilized to extract hydrophobic anthraquinones from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma prior to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography analysis. Incorporating natural chitosan as a dispersant facilitated the extraction of hydrophobic anthraquinones using purified water, considerably enhancing the eco-friendliness of the extraction methodology. To optimize extraction efficiency, an extensive evaluation of the crucial parameters influencing rhubarb yield was conducted. Furthermore, a response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction conditions. Under these optimized conditions, the method exhibited linearity ranges of 0.1-100 µg/mL, with correlation coefficients between 0.9990 and 0.9998. The method's intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 6) precision levels were maintained at ≤3.58%, which was considered to be within acceptable limits. The computed detection and quantification limits were 16.54-24.60 and 54.91-82.04 ng/mL, respectively. Consequently, this optimized method was effectively employed to extract five specific compounds (aloe-emodin, emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, and physcion) from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, achieving recoveries ranging from 86.43% to 102.75%.

New anti-inflammatory limonoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach.

The phytochemical study of the fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) led to the isolation and characterisation of two novel natural limonoids1-deoxy- 3, 20-dicinnamoyl-11-methoxy-meliacarpinin (1) and 12ß- O- methyl nimbolinin A (2), along with twelve known limonoids. Its structure was identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS and comparison with published data. The anti-inflammatory effect of the compounds was measured in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells by evaluating the production of NO stimulated by LPS. Compounds 1, 8 and 14 indicated significant anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition rate of 11.76, 8.45 and 6.59 µM, respectively. Limonoid 1 significantly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-1ß in RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, limonoid derivative may be a promising source of bioactive metabolite for inflammatory diseases.

Photoluminescent Characterization of Metal Nanoclusters: Basic Parameters, Methods, and Applications.

Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) can be synthesized with atomically precise structures and molecule formulae due to the rapid development of nanocluster science in recent decades. The ultrasmall size range (normally < 2 nm) endows MNCs with plenty of molecular-like properties, among which photoluminescent properties have aroused extensive attention. Tracing the research and development processes of luminescent nanoclusters, various photoluminescent analysis and characterization methods play a significant role in elucidating luminescent mechanism and analyzing luminescent properties. In this review, it is aimed to systematically summarize the normally used photoluminescent characterizations in MNCs including basic parameters and methods, such as excitation/emission wavelength, quantum yield, and lifetime. For each key parameter, first its definition and meaning is introduced and then the relevant characterization methods including measuring principles and the revelation of luminescent properties from the collected data are discussed. Then, it is discussed in details how to explore the luminescent mechanism of MNCs and construct NC-based applications based on the measured data. By means of these characterization strategies, the luminescent properties of MNCs and NC-based designs can be explained quantitatively and qualitatively. Hence, this review is expected to provide clear guidance for researchers to characterize luminescent MNCs and better understand the luminescent mechanism from the measured results.

Separation and determination of phenolic compounds using novel deep eutectic solvent-in-water microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography.

BACKGROUND: Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) is a mode of capillary electrophoresis with a wide range of applications in which microemulsion is utilized as background electrolyte to achieve the separation of analytes. Microemulsions are composed of oil droplets, aqueous buffer, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Currently, conventional organic reagents act as the most commonly used oil phase in microemulsions, which are unfriendly to the environment. Recently, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has become a new type of eco-friendly solvent due to its non-toxicity. Therefore, it is of great value to establish a new MEEKC method by replacing conventional organic reagents as the oil phase with DES. RESULTS: The novel DES/W MEEKC method was established for phenolic compounds in Senecio scandens samples. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were performed to systematically optimize the crucial parameters for the method, including the type and content of the oil phase, surfactant content, concentration of borax buffer, and pH of the background solution. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory regression curves were established for all standard analytes with correlation coefficients ≥0.9990. The method featured high sensitivity and favorable accuracy, with the instrumental detection limit in the range of 0.22-1.04 µg/mL, and intraday and interday precision for migration time expressed as relative standard deviations of 0.18-0.82% and 1.25-2.50%, respectively. The DES/W MEEKC method was successfully applied to Senecio scandens with good recoveries of 87.72-106.99%. In conclusion, the newly established DES/W MEEKC method is highly efficient, green and environmentally friendly. SIGNIFICANCE: DES is considered a green and efficient solvent. The DES/W MEEKC method is highly efficient and environmentally friendly. Actually, the method provides a novel and effective analytical tool for the simultaneous separation and determination of multiple phenolic compounds, especially in complex plant matrices. In the future, the DES/W MEEKC method still has the prospect of being widely used in the separation of other complex phytochemicals.

Unveiling the age-related dynamics in Sjögren's syndrome: Insights from heart rate variability and autonomic function.

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), mainly affecting women in their midlife, is characterized by persistent inflammation in glands producing tears and saliva, often leading to significant complications. This study investigates the differences in autonomic system functioning between individuals with SS and healthy controls. METHODS: From April 2019 to December 2022, 329 diagnosed primary SS (pSS) patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. The study assessed autonomic nervous system functioning using various HRV metrics. Participants were divided based on age and AECG criteria, including salivary gland biopsy and autoantibody status. RESULTS: Significant differences in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were observed between pSS patients and healthy controls. The total power index was notably lower in pSS patients (4.98 ± 1.29) than in controls (5.54 ± 1.21, p = .022). Additionally, Vagal (VAG) activity was significantly reduced in the pSS group (4.95 ± 1.33) compared to the healthy control group (5.47 ± 1.19, p = .041). Age-stratified analysis highlighted that the ≤50 years pSS group had a higher heart rate (77.74 ± 10.42) compared to the >50 years group (73.86 ± 10.35, p = .005). This group also showed a higher total power index (5.78 ± 1.30) versus the >50 years group (4.68 ± 1.19, p < .001), and significantly lower VAG activity (4.70 ± 1.26, p = .007) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals (SDNN) was greater in the ≤50 years SS group (44.45 ± 37.12) than in the >50 years group (33.51 ± 26.18, p = .007). In pSS patients, those positive for both salivary gland biopsy and autoantibodies demonstrated a lower Total Power (4.25 ± 1.32) and R-wave validity (93.50 ± 4.79, p < .05) than other groups, suggesting more severe autonomic imbalance. The R-R interval variation (RRIV) was also significantly higher in this dual-positive group (696.10 ± 975.41, p < .05). Additionally, the ESSPRI for dryness was markedly higher in the dual-positive group (8.10 ± 1.45, p < .05), indicating more severe symptoms. These findings reveal significant variations in autonomic function in SS patients, especially in those with dual-positive biopsy and autoantibody status. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates significant autonomic dysfunction in pSS patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in those positive for both salivary gland biopsy and autoantibodies. The age-stratified analysis further emphasizes the impact of aging on autonomic system functioning in pSS, suggesting a need for age-specific management approaches in pSS patient care.

Exogenous neuritin restores auditory following cochlear spiral ganglion neuron denervation of gerbils.

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) transmit sound signals received by hair cells to the auditory center to produce hearing. The quantity and function are important for maintaining normal hearing function. Limited by the regenerative capacity, SGNs are unable to regenerate spontaneously after injury. Various neurotrophic factors play an important role in the regeneration process. Neuritin is a neurite growth factor that plays an important role in neural plasticity and nerve injury repair. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to show that neuritin was negatively correlated with cochlear damage. Then, we aimed to establish a cochlear spiral ganglion-specific sensorineural deafness model in gerbils using ouabain and determine the effects of exogenous neuritin protein in protecting damaged cochlear SGNs and repairing damaged auditory nerve function. The provides a new research strategy and scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of sensorineural deafness caused by the loss of SGNs. We were discovered that neuritin is expressed throughout the development of the gerbil cochlea, primarily in the SGNs and Corti regions. The expression of neuritin was negatively correlated with the sensorineural deafness induced by ouabain. In vitro and in vivo revealed that neuritin significantly maintained the number and arrangement of SGNs and nerve fibers in the damaged cochlea and effectively protected the high-frequency listening function of gerbils.

Highly sensitive determination of multiple pesticide residues in foods by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

This experiment aimed to establish a green, simple and highly sensitive method (supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-Q-TOF/MS)) for the detection of multiple pesticides in foods. During the experiments, several important SFC parameters, such as stationary phase, modifier, make-up solution, back-temperature and back-pressure were optimized. Here, single-field collision cross section (CCS) values and multifield CCS values of 20 pesticides were examined by IM-Q-TOF/MS as highly specific parameters with excellent experimental precision. In addition, based on accurate mass matching and fragment ion comparison, mass fragments were obtained by IM-Q-TOF/MS, which elucidated the regularities of compound structure and characteristic fragment ions. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9989) and recoveries (79.60 % to 112.97 %) were obtained. The intra- and interday precisions were favorable, with RSDs lower than 4.91 and 7.65 %, respectively. Additionally, the method showed low limits of detection (0.1-8.8 ng/mL). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the highly sensitive detection of phenylurea herbicide, triazine herbicides, organophosphorus pesticide, pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide in yam and potato.

On-line concentration and separation of multiple derivatized monosaccharides from edible fruit with cyclodextrin-encapsulated sweeping by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

An on-line enrichment and separation of multiple derivatized monosaccharides with cyclodextrin-encapsulated sweeping (CDES) by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was presented. Five monosaccharides (L-(-)-Mannose, D-(+)-Glucose, D-(-)-Ribose, D-(+)-Xylose, and L-(+)-Rhamnose) were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, subsequently concentrated and separated by MEKC. The optimized conditions were as follows: 50 mM phosphoric acid (PA), 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 30 % (v/v) methanol in background solution; 140 s injection of sample solution containing 50 mM CD and 100 mM PA, followed by 90 s injection of 40 mM SDS solution. Under the optimized conditions, the correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9953, and the limits of detection ranged from 4.2 to 7.4 ng/mL. Relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.24-4.23 %, and sensitivity enrichment factors were in the range of 53-82 compared with typical injection (50 mbar, 3 s). The CDES-MEKC method was successfully applied to Jujube with good recoveries of 84.22-104.33 %. The method provides new ideas for the on-line enrichment and detection of trace monosaccharides and even other target analytes in foods with complex matrices.

Study on the treatment of cerebral infarction with Chinese medicine Shenmajingfu granule by network pharmacology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the material basis and mechanism of the Chinese medicine Shenmajingfu granules in the treatment of cerebral infarction. Methods The potential active ingredients and targets of Shenmajingfu granules were retrieved through TCMSP, ETCM database and TCM Database. The related target genes of cerebral infarction were searched from OMIM database. The common targets of Shenmajingfu granules and cerebral infarction were obtained by the intersection method. Cytoscape was used to construct active components of Shenmajingfu granules-targets network. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING software. DAVID database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Results The 183 potential active ingredients of Shenmajingfu granules were screened out. 1785 potential targets were screened in the TCMSP database, including 30 targets related to cerebral infarction. These target genes were mainly involved in the inflammatory response and apoptosis process, involving the TNF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Shenmajingfu granules on cerebral infarction may be related to the regulation of inflammatory response, improvement of impaired neurological function and protection of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Modified Sling Midurethral Suspension+Hemolock Fixation Technique for Male Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of a modified midurethral sling+hemolock fixation technique for treating male urinary incontinence. This study aims to provide a preliminary assessment of the short-term clinical efficacy of this technique. METHODS: We collected the clinical data of patients treated with modified sling midurethral suspension+ hemolock fixation technique. The primary evaluation criteria were surgery-related indicators and daily urinal pad usage by patients before and after treatment, and the secondary evaluation criteria were the corresponding incontinence scores and the results of surgery-related questionnaires. RESULTS: Follow-up 1-7months, eight patients achieved a clinical cure. Follow-up 1month after surgery showed that two patients (25.0%) used one pad daily and six patients (75.0%) did not need pads. The incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) scores were (86.0 ± 7.0) and (89.0 ± 3.0) at three postoperative days and one postoperative month, respectively, which were significantly higher than the preoperative scores (26.0 ± 6.0) (P <.05). The scores of the International Continence Control Association Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) at three postoperative days and one postoperative month were (4.0 ± 2.0) and (4.0 ± 1.0), respectively, which were significantly lower than the preoperative scores of (18.0 ± 1.0) (P <.05). Besides, the results of the surgery-related questionnaires were positive. CONCLUSION: The short-term efficacy of the modified sling midurethral suspension+ hemolock fixation technique for the treatment of male urinary incontinence patients is safe, effective, minimally invasive, and has few complications. However, further validation in large samples, randomized, comparative, and longer-term follow-up studies is still needed.

Two-step pressure injection-assisted online enrichment of herbicides from foods with affinity micelle sweeping by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

A novel online two-step pressure injection-assisted stacking preconcentration method, which involves sweeping and affinity micelles in micellar electrokinetic chromatography was developed to simultaneously measure various organic anions. The micellar solution was a mixed solution that contained 0.3 mM didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and 20 mM borax. After the micellar solution was injected for 60 s, the tested analytes prepared in 20 mM borax were introduced into the capillary for 150 s. The key experimental factors that influenced the separation and sensitivity were investigated and optimized, including the concentration and injection time of the micellar solution, the concentration of borax in the sample solution, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate and borax in the background electrolyte (BGE), the content of acetonitrile in the BGE and the injection time of the sample solution. Compared with typical injection methods, this method achieved sensitivity enhancement factors ranging from 85 to 97 under optimized conditions. Good linearity for matrix-matched calibration was established for all analytes with R2 values of 0.9986-0.9996. The intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 6) precisions of the method were less than 2.85% when expressed as relative standard deviations. When the method was applied to analyze rice and dried ginger samples, analyte recoveries ranged from 85.81% to 106.59%. Through sweeping and affinity micelles, stacking preconcentration method was successfully employed to analyze trace amounts of fenoprop and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rice and dried ginger samples.

Enzyme activity- and chemometrics-assisted comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honeysuckle.

A unique and effective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography system was established and applied for the analysis of bioactive components in honeysuckle. Under the optimal conditions, Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm, Agilent) and SB-C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm, Agilent) columns were chosen for the first dimension (1D) and the second dimension (2D) separation. The optimal flow rates of 1D and 2D were 0.12 mL/min and 2.0 mL/min, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of organic solution was optimized to enhance orthogonality and integrated shift, and full gradient elution mode was adopted to improve chromatographic resolution. Furthermore, a total of 57 compounds were identified by molecular weight, retention time and collision cross-section value obtained from ion mobility mass spectrometry. Based on the data obtained from the principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, the categories of honeysuckle in different regions were significantly different. Moreover, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of most samples were between 0.37 and 1.55 mg/mL, and most samples were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, which is better for the evaluation of the quality of drugs from two aspects of substance content and activity.

Nanographite-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion microextraction of active and toxic compounds from complex food matrices using cyclodextrin aqueous solution as elution solvent.

In this study, a cyclodextrin aqueous solution was used as an environmentally friendly eluent to simultaneously extract active and toxic compounds from food matrices with the aid of nanographite-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion microextraction (NG-MSPDM). The NG-MSPDM procedure was optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology to obtain optimum conditions. The proposed method achieved excellent linearity at 0.10-20 µg/mL for all target analytes with a coefficient of correction (R2) ≥ 0.9909, limits of detection < 52.01 ng/mL, satisfactory reproducibility below 3.21 %, and acceptable recoveries of 82.0-112 %. To accurately determine the target components in the complex matrix, collision cross-section values of the analytes were obtained using ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-Q-TOF/MS). Results indicated that the NG-MSPDM method successfully achieved the simultaneous extraction of flavonoids and phenoxyacetic herbicides from Alpinia officinarum.

An efficient mixed enzymes-assisted mechanical bio-extraction of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale and determination of monosaccharides by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

The mixed enzymes-assisted mechanical bio-extraction method was first used to extract polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale. Different parameters including the ratio of enzyme, the amount of enzyme, the grinding time, the extraction time and the solid/liquid ratio were investigated by single factor experiments and multifactorial experiments. Through the response surface methodology the optimal extraction conditions were obtained with the ratio of cellulase to pectinase was 2: 1 and total amount of enzyme was 0.23 mg, the grinding time of 11.48 min, the extraction time of 5.99 min. The obtained polysaccharide extracts were hydrolyzed and derivatized and then injected into high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS) for monosaccharide composition analysis. After optimization of the chromatographic conditions (including mobile phase and column), twelve monosaccharides were successfully determined within 20 min. The proposed method provided satisfactory linearity with the correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, suitable recoveries (81.46-114.92 %), acceptable reproducibility ranging from 0.06 % to 4.77 %, low limits of detection (0.70-45.45 ng/mL). Compared with other methods, this method makes the extraction efficiency much higher and has the advantages of simple operation, environmental friendliness and mild extraction conditions. Therefore, this method can be used for the extraction of polysaccharides from plants and the determination of monosaccharides and has the potential to be used in more areas.

Notch signaling pathway-based classification of bladder cancer in relation to tumor immune infiltration.

Introduction: The role of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of various tumors has received increasing attention, but the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and risk evaluation value of Notch signaling pathway-related genes (NRGs) in bladder cancer. Material and methods: The list of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway was obtained from the molecular signature database. The bladder cancer dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were used to construct the characteristics for predicting the overall survival of patients with bladder cancer. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in different risk subgroups. Results: NRG expression was remarkably dysregulated in bladder cancer. Next, bladder cancer was classified into two subtypes (C1 and C2) based on NRG expression levels. The two subtypes had a significant difference in prognosis and were closely related to clinical characteristics. Further analysis showed that immune cell infiltration and immune scores were also significantly different between the two subtypes. Conclusions: Notch signaling pathway-based bladder cancer typing has different prognoses and may be related to tumor immunity. NRGs can be identified for risk evaluation and help improve clinical decision-making.

Prevention and Treatment of NAFLD with Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers by Regulating AMPK Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a chronic liver disease with complex and diverse pathogenesis， and there is no effective treatment or specific drugs for its clinical treatment. In recent years， its incidence has been on the rise， and it has become the earnest expectation of medical researchers in China and abroad that related patients could be treated. AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） functions to regulate cellular energy homeostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. When activated， it has a good intervention effect on NAFLD progression with lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondrial homeostasis disorders. For NAFLD， the activation of AMPK can inhibit the production of new lipogenesis in the liver， promote the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver， and enhance the mitochondrial function of adipose tissues. As a key target of metabolic diseases， AMPK can also improve apoptosis， liver fibrosis， autophagy， and inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is good at treating diseases from multiple targets and multiple pathways and is also commonly used in the treatment of chronic liver disease in clinical practice. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on NAFLD have shown that TCM monomers have good prospects for the treatment of NAFLD through the AMPK signaling pathway， including glycosides， phenols， alkaloids， flavonoids， quinones， terpenoids， and lignans， which are natural activators of AMPK. This study reviewed the research progress on TCM monomers in regulating the AMPK pathway to prevent and treat NAFLD， providing a broader perspective for TCM treatment of NAFLD.

Screening and identification of CD44v9 specific peptide ligand for gastric cancer detection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To screen and verify a peptide ligand specific for CD44v9. 【Methods】 A 12-mer phage peptide library was screened on CD44v9 coated on solid phase. Candidate sequences emerged after sequencing. Candidate phages were selected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The best sequence was chosen for further study. Binding of C9-3 to CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 cells was determined using immunofluorescence. Binding affinity and specificity were verified on gastric cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry. 【Results】 Phages significantly were enriched during panning process. After sequencing, nine individual sequences occurred in 30 selected clones. Among the 9 candidate sequences, C9-3 exhibited the highest frequency. Results of ELISA showed that C9-3 had the highest OD value and selectivity. Thus, C9-3 was chosen for peptide probe synthesis. C9-3 probe stained CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 cells, but not empty vector transfected HEK-293 cells. Immunohistochemistry scores of C9-3 were significantly different between gastric cancer and paracancer tissues (t=3.953, P<0.01). A linear positive correlation was observed between C9-3 binding and CD44v9 expression (r=0.823, P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 In this study, peptide ligand of CD44v9 was successfully screened. The peptide can bind to cells and cancer tissues via CD44v9. It has potential for gastric targeting probes.

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella and vaccination status in the cases in Jing’an District， Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the vaccination status of the cases in Jing’an District from 2017 to 2019， so as to provide reference basis for the strategy of prevention and control of varicella epidemic. MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jing’an District. The differences between the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group were compared by statistical methods. ResultsA total of 2 508 cases of varicella were reported with an average annual incidence of 78.7/105 from 2017 to 2019. There was no significant difference in the incidence among the three years（χ2=5.535，P=0.063）. There were 1 308 males and 1 200 females， and sex ratio was 1.1∶1. The highest incidence occurred in the age group from 5 to 9 years old （562 cases， 479.3/105）. Two annual peaks occured in May and November. The incidence in the aged 18 and below decreased year by year. There was significant difference in the proportion among the three years（χ2=78.129， P<0.001）. The median interval from vaccination to onset was 5 years among the vaccinated cases. There was significant difference in the cases who received two doses of vaccine in three years（χ2=90.902， P<0.001）. ConclusionWe should strengthen the monitoring system and pay more attention to the epidemiological characteristics of varicella. The protective efficacy of two-doses vaccine needs to be systematically evaluated.

Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma: a clinicopathological analysis of four cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical, radiological, histological and molecular features and the differential diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma (FM). Methods: Four cases of FM diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Related literature was also reviewed. Results: Case 1 was a 10-year-old girl with bone destruction in the sacrum and L5 articular processes revealed by CT scan. Case 2 was a 7-year-old girl with an aggressive lesion in her right distal ulna. Case 3 was an 11-year-old boy with a lesion in the metaphysis of his left proximal tibia. Case 4 was an 11-year-old boy with bone destruction in the distal portion of a radius. Microscopically, the four tumors all consisted of numerous spindle cells, hyaline cartilage nodules, and bone trabeculae. The hypocellular to moderately cellular spindle cell component contained elongated cells with slightly hyperchromatic, mildly atypical nuclei arranged in bundles or intersecting fascicles. Benign-appearing cartilaginous nodules of various sizes and shapes were scattered throughout the tumors. There were areas mimicking epiphyseal growth-plate characterized by chondrocytes arranged in parallel columns and areas of enchondral ossification. The stroma was rich in mucus in case 1. Mutation of GNAS and IDH1/IDH2 and amplification of MDM2 gene were not found in any of the three tested cases. Conclusions: FM is very rare and tends to affect young patients. It most frequently occurs in the metaphysis of long tubular bones, followed by the iliac-pubic bones and vertebrae. FM is characterized by a mixed population of spindle cells, hyaline cartilage nodules and trabeculae of bone, without specific immunophenotypes and molecular alternations. As a borderline, locally aggressive neoplasm, surgical removal with a wide margin is generally the treatment of choice for FM.