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Lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary is rarely detected in clinical practice, and only a few cases have been reported. Its clinicopathological features, molecular genetics, and prognosis have not been well characterised. The data of 17 patients diagnosed with this disease between 2013 and 2022 were analysed retrospectively. All patients were non-smokers, with a median age of 46 years (range 30-71 years). Unilateral ovarian involvement was more frequent than bilateral involvement (58.8% vs 41.2%). Lesions presented as solid ovarian or mixed cystic and solid masses, and nearly two-thirds of the tumours (11/17, 64.7%) had a diameter greater than 10 cm. Solid adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (9/17, 52.9%), and three of the cases showed abundant intracellular mucin and signet ring cells. Acinar adenocarcinoma was the second most common type (6/17, 35.3%), usually of moderate to poor differentiation. The remaining two cases were identified as micropapillary adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Multinodular growth, necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion were observed in half of the cases, and most of them had a marked stromal response. The most prevalent molecular alteration was ALK-rearranged (8/17, 47.1%), followed by EGFR gene mutations (5/17, 29.4%). A total of 34 cases, comprising 17 from the cohort and 17 from the literature, were included in the survival analysis. Patients with ALK-rearranged genes demonstrated an 80.0% 2-year overall survival rate, whereas those without ALK rearrangement exhibited a lower rate of 33.7%. Although there appears to be a potentially better prognosis for patients with ALK-rearranged genes, further cases and an extended follow-up period are necessary to substantiate this observation.
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Background: Cancer and psychiatric symptoms are associated. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common psychological problem for cancer survivors. Pharmacological interventions can help, but also have major drawbacks. Music therapy and music interventions have been shown to be a safe and practical complementary treatment. Objective: This randomized, controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy and music intervention in attenuating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' anxiety related to FCR. Methods: NSCLC patients with FCR were randomly allocated to a music therapy and intervention group (G1) and Control group (G2). Patients' anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores and heart rates. Primary outcome measure were PET scans. Secondary measures were salivary cortisol, salivary α-amylase levels and heart rate. Findings: Patients in G1 showed higher glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG in the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus, compared to those in G2 (all P < .001). Heart rates and salivary α-amylase area under the curve (AUC) and relative variation (VAR) in G1 were significantly lower than those in G2 (all P < .05). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores and cortisol AUC in G1 were significantly lower than those in G2 (all P < .05). Conclusions: Music therapy and interventions can reduce anxiety and endocrinological responses and change glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG in fear-related brain regions.Trial registration: Registered retrospectively, ISRCTN Registry, www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN23276302Clinical Implications: Cancer treatment centers and physical examination centers should consider providing music therapy and intervention to the appropriate patients as a routine component of a comprehensive clinical care during medical examinations.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Fear , Lung Neoplasms , Music Therapy , Positron-Emission Tomography , Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/psychology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Middle Aged , Music Therapy/methods , Lung Neoplasms/psychology , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Fear/psychology , Fear/physiology , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Anxiety/therapy , Anxiety/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/psychology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Aged , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Heart Rate/physiology , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The threats to the safety of humans and the environment and the resistance of agricultural chemicals to plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides and bactericides. In this study, a series of Berberine (BBR) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. RESULTS: Bioassay results indicated that compounds A11, A14, A20, A21, A22, A25, A26, E1, E2, E3, Z1 and Z2 showed high inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Especially, A25 showed a broad spectrum and the highest antifungal activity among these compounds. Its EC50 value against Botrytis cinerea was 1.34 µg mL-1. Compound E6 possessed high inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas Campestris, with MIC90 values of 3.12 µg mL-1 and 1.56 µg mL-1. A Topomer CoMFA model was generated for 3D-QSAR studies based on anti-B. cinerea effects, with high predictive accuracy, showed that the addition of an appropriate substituent group at the para-position of benzyl of BBR derivatives could effectively improve the anti-B. cinerea activity. In addition, compound A25 could significantly inhibit the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea at low concentration, and compound F4 exhibited remarkable curative and protective efficiencies on rice bacterial leaf blight. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the BBR derivatives are hopeful for further exploration as the lead compound with novel antimicrobial agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Spontaneous imbibition is the primary mechanism responsible for the enhanced oil production in a tight reservoir after hydraulic fracturing. In this article, a low-frequency artificial vibration physics stimulation method was employed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency vibration on imbibition recovery in tight sandstones. Furthermore, a high-precision in situ computed tomography (CT) scan was employed to investigate the effect of low-frequency vibration on the distribution of remaining oil micro-occurrence dynamic alterations in pore space. The findings of the study show that (1) low-frequency artificial physical vibration stimulation has been found to be highly effective in enhancing imbibition recovery in tight sandstone. The sensitivity of the vibration parameters on imbibition recovery from highest to lowest is vibration frequency, vibration intensity, and vibration time. The optimum vibration parameters for this process are a vibration frequency of 30 Hz, a vibration intensity of 2.0 m/s2, and a vibration time of 30 h. (2) Under the optimum low-frequency vibration, the imbibition recovery of tight sandstone with various physical properties can reach between 13.6 and 28.3%. This is remarkably higher than the spontaneous imbibition recovery, which ranges from 9.4 to 17.1%. Additionally, core samples with higher permeability and better pore structure show a more significant increase in imbibition recovery under the vibration treatment. Furthermore, low-frequency vibration stimulation effectively shortens the imbibition completion time, reducing the completion time from 81 h to approximately 55 h. (3) After the spontaneous imbibition process, the initial continuous oil phase present in the pore space is dispersed by the water phase imbibition process. The remaining oil is dominant in the form of a network type, which is concentrated in the central pore space area of the core. Low-frequency vibration treatment can effectively promote a positive imbibition process. The network remaining oil saturation in the core can be further dispersed, especially closer to the surface of the core area after frequency vibration treatment. Then, the cluster remaining oil type with a more dispersed and simpler individual structure has become the new dominant remaining oil micro-occurrence form in the pore space. The findings of this research investigate a novel technological approach to enhance the imbibition efficiency of a tight sandstone reservoir.
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Pediatric ankle injuries are common; ankle epiphyseal fractures are also common in children. But isolated distal epiphyseal fibular fractures of the distal fibula are clinically rare. We describe one unusual case of an adolescent with a completely displaced Salter-Harris type II distal fibular epiphyseal fracture. The attempt of closed reduction failed, and the patient required open reduction and internal fixation. The localized periosteum and the superior peroneal retinaculum were avulsed from the distal fibular metaphysis, with the peroneal tendons underneath exposed but no obvious subluxation. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of injuries has not been previously reported.
Subject(s)
Epiphyses , Fibula , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Humans , Fibula/injuries , Fibula/surgery , Fibula/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Epiphyses/injuries , Epiphyses/surgery , Epiphyses/diagnostic imaging , Male , Treatment Outcome , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ankle Fractures/surgery , Ankle Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Open Fracture Reduction/methods , FemaleABSTRACT
We report a case of a 72-year-old female who presented with fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea accompanied by leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis of acute aplastic anemia was confirmed through bone marrow aspiration. Treatment included glucocorticoids, immunoglobulin therapy, and plasma exchange. Subsequently, the patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) revealed perforation of the transverse colon. Pathological examination of surgically removed diseased tissue confirmed mucor infection. Despite receiving antifungal therapy with amphotericin B, the patient's condition deteriorated due to the sepsis progression. Mucor infection in immunocompromised patients should be vigilant, and early diagnosis may help improve prognosis.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory inflammatory disease. Psoralen (PSO) is the main pharmacological component identified from Bu-Shen-Fang-Chuan formula which has been traditionally used in treatment of COPD, yet its efficacy in COPD inflammation were unreported. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potential of PSO in COPD and unravel the underlying mechanisms, focusing on T lymphocyte recruitment and the modulation of chemokines, namely monokine induced by interferon-gamma (CXCL9), interferon inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), and interferon inducible T-Cell alpha chemoattractant (CXCL11). In vitro, RAW264.7 was stimulated by interferon (IFN)-γ + cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and were treated with PSO (2.5, 5, 10 µM), then the levels of chemokines and the activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway were analyzed by real time PCR and western blot. In vivo, a murine model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CSE on day 1, 8, 15, and 22, then treated with PSO (10 mg/kg). Our experiments in vitro illustrated that PSO reduced the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and decreased the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT1. Additionally, PSO effectively improved inflammatory infiltration and decreased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in CSE-exposed mice. Furthermore, PSO reduced the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, and decreased the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT1. In conclusion, our results revealed the therapeutic potential of PSO for COPD inflammation, possibly mediated through the regulation of CD8+ T cell recruitment and chemokines via the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Due to persistent inflammation and oxidative stress reactions, achieving drug absorption in diabetic wounds is challenging. To overcome this problem, our article presents a composite hydrogel, GelMA-GA/DMOG@GDNP, which consists of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) treated with gallic acid (GA) and encapsulating ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) loaded with dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG). The composite hydrogel demonstrates excellent biocompatibility. In laboratory settings, the hydrogel inhibits the production of nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS) in mouse immune cells (RAW264.7 cells), enhances the growth and migration of mouse connective tissue cells (L929 cells) and human endothelial cells (HUVECs), and promotes tube formation in HUVECs. In a rat model of type 1 diabetes-induced wounds, the composite hydrogel attenuates inflammatory reactions, facilitates the formation of fibres and blood vessels, accelerates wound healing, and elucidates specific pathway mechanisms through transcriptome sequencing. Therefore, the GelMA-GA/DMOG@GDNP hydrogel can serve as a safe and efficient wound dressing to regulate the inflammatory response, promote collagen fiber and blood vessel formation, and accelerate wound healing. These findings suggest that utilizing this multifunctional engineered nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel in a clinical setting may be a promising strategy for diabetic wound healing.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Gallic Acid , Gelatin , Nanoparticles , Panax , Wound Healing , Animals , Gelatin/chemistry , Wound Healing/drug effects , Gallic Acid/chemistry , Gallic Acid/pharmacology , Rats , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Humans , Mice , Panax/chemistry , RAW 264.7 Cells , Male , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Hydrogels/chemistry , Hydrogels/pharmacology , Methacrylates/chemistry , Methacrylates/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging breast cancer subtype. Molecular stratification and target therapy bring clinical benefit for TNBC patients, but it is difficult to implement comprehensive molecular testing in clinical practice. Here, using our multi-omics TNBC cohort (N = 425), a deep learning-based framework was devised and validated for comprehensive predictions of molecular features, subtypes and prognosis from pathological whole slide images. The framework first incorporated a neural network to decompose the tissue on WSIs, followed by a second one which was trained based on certain tissue types for predicting different targets. Multi-omics molecular features were analyzed including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, germline mutations, biological pathway activities, metabolomics features and immunotherapy biomarkers. It was shown that the molecular features with therapeutic implications can be predicted including the somatic PIK3CA mutation, germline BRCA2 mutation and PD-L1 protein expression (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.78, 0.79 and 0.74 respectively). The molecular subtypes of TNBC can be identified (AUC: 0.84, 0.85, 0.93 and 0.73 for the basal-like immune-suppressed, immunomodulatory, luminal androgen receptor, and mesenchymal-like subtypes respectively) and their distinctive morphological patterns were revealed, which provided novel insights into the heterogeneity of TNBC. A neural network integrating image features and clinical covariates stratified patients into groups with different survival outcomes (log-rank P < 0.001). Our prediction framework and neural network models were externally validated on the TNBC cases from TCGA (N = 143) and appeared robust to the changes in patient population. For potential clinical translation, we built a novel online platform, where we modularized and deployed our framework along with the validated models. It can realize real-time one-stop prediction for new cases. In summary, using only pathological WSIs, our proposed framework can enable comprehensive stratifications of TNBC patients and provide valuable information for therapeutic decision-making. It had the potential to be clinically implemented and promote the personalized management of TNBC.
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The powerful capability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in tailoring electromagnetic waves and fields has put them under the spotlight in wireless communications. However, the current designs are criticized due to their poor frequency selectivity, which hinders their applications in real-world scenarios where the spectrum is becoming increasingly congested. Here we propose a filtering RIS to feature sharp frequency-selecting and 2-bit phase-shifting properties. It permits the signals in a narrow bandwidth to transmit but rejects the out-of-band ones; meanwhile, the phase of the transmitted signals can be digitally controlled, enabling flexible manipulations of signal propagations. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured, and its high quality factor and phase-shifting characteristics are validated by scattering parameters and beam-steering phenomena. Further, we conduct a wireless communication experiment to illustrate the intriguing functions of the RIS. The filtering behavior enables the RIS to perform wireless signal manipulations with anti-interference ability, thus showing big potential to advance the development of next-generation wireless communications.
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gem-Difluoroalkenes and monofluorinated cycloalkenes have emerged as basic structural units in a variety of bioactive molecules and natural products. Thus, developing straightforward and efficient methods for synthesizing fluorinated alkene compounds is of considerable significance. Herein, we disclose a visible-light-induced defluorination of 2-trifluoromethyl-1-alkene via a 1,5-HAT process using N-alkoxyphtalimides as both radical precursor and potential nucleophile. The mild and stepwise reaction leads to a variety of structurally diverse gem-difluoroalkenes and monofluorinated cyclooctenes with high efficiency, respectively.
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BACKGROUND: Depression accounts for a high proportion of neuropsychiatric disorders and is associated with abnormal states of neurons in specific brain regions. Microglia play a pivotal role in the inflammatory state during depression development; however, the exact mechanism underlying chronic mood states remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether microRNAs (miRNAs) alleviate stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice by regulating the expression levels of their target genes, explore the role of neuroinflammation induced by microglial activation in the pathogenesis and progression of depression, and determine whether the role of the miR-29a-5p/transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) axis. METHODS: In this study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse depression model, various behavioral tests, western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence and lentivirus-mediated gene transfer were used. RESULTS: After exposure to the CUMS paradigm, miR-29a-5p was significantly down-regulated. This downregulation subsequently promoted the polarization of microglia M1 by upregulating the expression of TMEM33, resulting in enhanced inflammatory chemokines affecting neurons. Conversely, the upregulation of miR-29a-5p within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) suppressed TMEM33 expression, facilitated microglia M2-polarization, and ameliorated depressive-like behavior. LIMITATIONS: Only rodent models of depression were used, and human samples were not included. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that miR-29a-5p deficits within the PFC mediate microglial anomalies and contribute to depressive-like behaviors. miR-29a-5p and TMEM33 may, therefore, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of depression.
Subject(s)
Depression , Disease Models, Animal , Membrane Proteins , MicroRNAs , Microglia , Prefrontal Cortex , Stress, Psychological , Animals , Male , Mice , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Depression/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microglia/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: Psoralea corylifolia L. (FP) has received increasing attention due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Methods: In this study, zebrafish were treated with different concentrations of an aqueous extract of FP (AEFP; 40, 50, or 60 µg/mL), and the hepatotoxic effects of tonicity were determined by the mortality rate, liver morphology, fluorescence area and intensity of the liver, biochemical indices, and pathological tissue staining. The mRNA expression of target genes in the bile acid metabolic signaling pathway and lipid metabolic pathway was detected by qPCR, and the mechanism of toxicity was initially investigated. AEFP (50 µg/mL) was administered in combination with FXR or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist/inhibitor to further define the target of toxicity. Results: Experiments on toxic effects showed that, compared with no treatment, AEFP administration resulted in liver atrophy, a smaller fluorescence area in the liver, and a lower fluorescence intensity (p < 0.05); alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and γ-GT levels were significantly elevated in zebrafish (p < 0.01), and TBA, TBIL, total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were elevated to different degrees (p < 0.05); and increased lipid droplets in the liver appeared as fatty deposits. Molecular biological validation revealed that AEFP inhibited the expression of the FXR gene, causing an increase in the expression of the downstream genes SHP, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, BSEP, MRP2, NTCP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ME-1, SCD-1, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CPT-1, and CPT-2 and a decrease in the expression of PPARα (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that tonic acid extracts are hepatotoxic to zebrafish through the inhibition of FXR and PPARα expression, thereby causing bile acid and lipid metabolism disorders.
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This study aimed to examine the morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations occurring in Notopterygium incisum seeds throughout their developmental stages, with the objective of establishing a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of superior quality seeds. The experimental materials utilized in this study were the seeds of N. incisum at various stages of development following anthesis. Through the employment of morphological observation and plant physiology techniques, the external morphology, nutrients, enzyme activity, and endogenous hormones of the seeds were assessed. The results revealed a transition in seed coat color from light green to brown during the growth and development of N. incisum seeds. Additionally, as the seeds matured, a decrease in water content was observed. Conversely, starch content exhibited a progressive increase, while sucrose content displayed fluctuations. At 7 days after anthesis, the soluble sugar content attained its highest level of 4.52 mg·g~(-1), whereas the soluble protein content reached its maximum of 6.00 mg·g~(-1) at 14 days after anthesis and its minimum of 4.94 mg·g~(-1) at 42 days after anthesis. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and eventually reached a stable state. Conversely, the activities of catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) demonstrated a decrease initially, followed by an increase, and then another decrease. The levels of the four endogenous hormones, namely gibberellin(GA_3), zeatin riboside(ZR), auxin(IAA), and abscisic acid(ABA), in the seeds displayed significant variations, with IAA and ABA exhibiting considerably higher levels compared to the other hormones. The levels of plant growth-promoting hormones, represented by IAA, generally displayed a pattern of initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease during seed development, while the plant growth-inhibiting hormone ABA showed the opposite trend. The findings indicate that the alterations in nutrient composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and endogenous hormone levels vary throughout the maturation process of N. incisum seeds. These observations hold relevance for the cultivation of N. incisum seeds.
Subject(s)
Gibberellins , Plant Growth Regulators , Abscisic Acid , Seeds , Hormones/metabolism , Germination/physiologyABSTRACT
Tropical forest root characteristics and resource acquisition strategies are underrepresented in vegetation and global models, hampering the prediction of forest-climate feedbacks for these carbon-rich ecosystems. Lowland tropical forests often have globally unique combinations of high taxonomic and functional biodiversity, rainfall seasonality, and strongly weathered infertile soils, giving rise to distinct patterns in root traits and functions compared with higher latitude ecosystems. We provide a roadmap for integrating recent advances in our understanding of tropical forest belowground function into vegetation models, focusing on water and nutrient acquisition. We offer comparisons of recent advances in empirical and model understanding of root characteristics that represent important functional processes in tropical forests. We focus on: (1) fine-root strategies for soil resource exploration, (2) coupling and trade-offs in fine-root water vs nutrient acquisition, and (3) aboveground-belowground linkages in plant resource acquisition and use. We suggest avenues for representing these extremely diverse plant communities in computationally manageable and ecologically meaningful groups in models for linked aboveground-belowground hydro-nutrient functions. Tropical forests are undergoing warming, shifting rainfall regimes, and exacerbation of soil nutrient scarcity caused by elevated atmospheric CO2. The accurate model representation of tropical forest functions is crucial for understanding the interactions of this biome with the climate.
Las características de las raíces de los bosques tropicales y las estrategias de adquisición de recursos están subrepresentadas en modelos de vegetación, lo que dificulta la predicción del efecto de cambio de clima para estos ecosistemas ricos en carbono. Los bosques tropicales a menudo tienen combinaciones únicas a nivel mundial de alta biodiversidad taxonómica y funcional, estacionalidad de precipitación, y suelos infértiles, dando lugar a patrones distintos en los rasgos y funciones de las raíces en comparación con los ecosistemas de latitudes más altas. Integramos los avances recientes en nuestra comprensión de la función subterránea de los bosques tropicales en modelos de vegetación, centrándonos en la adquisición de agua y nutrientes. Ofrecemos comparaciones de avances recientes en la comprensión empírica y de modelos de las características de las raíces que representan procesos funcionales importantes en los bosques tropicales. Nos centramos en: (1) estrategias de raíces finas para adquisición de recursos del suelo, (2) acoplamiento y compensaciones entre adquisición del agua y de nutrientes, y (3) vínculos entre funciones sobre tierra y debajo del superficie en bosques tropicales. Sugerimos vías para representar estas comunidades de plantas extremadamente diversas en grupos computacionalmente manejables y ecológicamente significativos en modelos. Los bosques tropicales se están calentando, tienen cambios en los regímenes de lluvias, y tienen una exacerbación de la escasez de nutrientes del suelo causada por el elevado CO2 atmosférico. La representación precisa de las funciones de los bosques tropicales en modelos es crucial para comprender las interacciones de este bioma con el clima.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Plant Roots , Nitrogen , Forests , Soil , Plants , Water , Tropical Climate , TreesABSTRACT
As one of the most rapidly developing cities in China, Shenzhen grapples with an increasing challenge in managing water resources due to escalating conflicts with its soaring water demand. This study established a system dynamics (SD) model based on a causal loop diagram to explore the intricate interconnections within the urban water resources system. Through simulating water supply and demand in Shenzhen from 2021 to 2035, the model identified key sensitive factors and examined various utilization scenarios for multiple water resources. Results indicated that water scarcity posed a significant obstacle to Shenzhen's development. To tackle this challenge, several effective measures should be implemented, including enhancing water conservation capabilities, developing seawater resources, promoting water reuse, optimizing the economic structure, and managing population growth. Prioritizing water conservation efforts and maximizing the utilization of seawater resources were regarded as the most impactful strategies in alleviating the water crisis. Furthermore, the relationship between water conservation capabilities and seawater utilization scale was analyzed using the SD model, contributing to the development of a comprehensive water resources management strategy. The findings from this study would provide insights into robust methods for allocating water resources, thereby enhancing sustainable water management strategies applicable to regions facing similar challenges.
Subject(s)
Water Resources , Water Supply , Cities , China , Water , Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , UrbanizationABSTRACT
The efficiency of reservoir imbibition in continental tight sandstone reservoirs is severely hindered due to their intricate wettability characteristics. To address this challenge, we propose a novel synergistic approach that combines low-frequency vibration and nanofluid treatment. This method integrates physical shear and chemical wettability alteration to effectively modify the wettability of neutral oil-wet tight sandstone, thereby enhancing the imbibition process. In this study, we formulated a TX-100 nanofluid system through physical modification. By utilizing the contact angle as a benchmark for evaluation, we investigated the impact of low-frequency fluctuations on the wettability of oil-wet sandstone. Subsequently, we identified the optimal combination of wave parameters. Through isothermal adsorption experiments and mechanical analyses of oil droplets subjected to fluctuations, we systematically elucidated the mechanism by which fluctuations collaborate with nanofluids to alter the wettability of oil-wet sandstone. Furthermore, we evaluated the oil displacement efficiency of cores subjected to the combined action of low-frequency fluctuations and nanofluid treatment. Our findings revealed that the TX-100 nanofluid reduced the static contact angle of oil-wet sandstone by 58%. When assisted by the optimal fluctuation parameters, the nanofluid treatment contributed to a 64% reduction in the contact angle of strongly oil-wet sandstone. This effect further amplified the reversal of wettability in oil-wet sandstone. Through the application of various wave-assisted treatment agents, the efficiency of oil removal was increased by a minimum of 16%. Moreover, the recovery degree of wave-assisted nanofluid imbibition experienced a remarkable enhancement of 30.39%. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in pore sizes smaller than 1 µm as a result of the composite process.
ABSTRACT
Astragaloside IV (AST) has been confirmed to have antiasthmatic effects. However, the underline mechanism is unclear. The study aimed to explore the treatment mechanism of AST based on autophagy of memory T cells. AST treatment significantly decreased the number of T effector cells in asthma mice blood and the nude mice that received AST-treated TCMs had relieved inflammation compared with the untreated group; meanwhile, we found that AST significantly decreased the autophagy level and inhibited OX40/OX40L signal pathway of lymphocytes. The results highlighted that AST regulated autophagy to inhibit differentiation of effector T-cell phenotype.
Subject(s)
Asthma , Autophagy , Inflammation , Saponins , T-Lymphocytes , Triterpenes , Animals , Saponins/pharmacology , Asthma/drug therapy , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Triterpenes/chemistry , Mice , Autophagy/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Inflammation/drug therapy , Mice, Nude , Molecular Structure , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Abnormal bleeding due to low fibrinogen (Fib) and coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) levels after lumbar vertebral surgery is exceedingly rare. Excessive bleeding is also associated with secondary hyperfibrinolysis. This report presents a case of abnormal incision bleeding caused by coagulation factor XIII deficiency (FXIIID) and secondary hyperfibrinolysis in a state of low fibrinogen after lumbar vertebral surgery. PATIENT CONCERNS: A middle-aged woman experienced prolonged incision and excessive bleeding after lumbar vertebral surgery. DIAGNOSIS: Combined with coagulation factors, coagulation function tests, and thromboelastography, the patient clinical presentation supported the diagnosis of FXIIID and secondary hyperfibrinolysis in a hypofibrinogenemic state. INTERVENTIONS: Cryoprecipitat, Fresh Frozen Plasma, Fibrinogen Concentrate, Leukocyte-depleted Red Blood Cells, Hemostatic (Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate; Hemocoagulase Bothrops Atrox for Injection; Tranexamic Acid). OUTCOMES: After approximately a month of replacement therapy and symptom treatment, the patient coagulation function significantly improved, and the incision healed without any hemorrhage during follow-up. LESSONS: Abnormal postoperative bleeding may indicate coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders that require a full set of coagulation tests, particularly coagulation factors. Given the current lack of a comprehensive approach to detect coagulation and fibrinolysis functions, a more comprehensive understanding of hematology is imperative. The current treatment for FXIIID involves replacement therapy, which requires supplementation with both Fib and FXIII to achieve effective hemostasis.
Subject(s)
Factor XIII Deficiency , Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Factor XIII Deficiency/complications , Factor XIII/therapeutic use , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Blood Coagulation Factors , Fibrinogen , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Postoperative Hemorrhage/therapyABSTRACT
Due to its ability to adapt to a variety of electromagnetic (EM) environments, the sensing-enabled metasurface has garnered significant attention. However, large-scale EM-field sensing to obtain more information is still very challenging. Here, an adaptive information metasurface is proposed to enable intelligent sensing and wave manipulating simultaneously or more specifically, to realize intelligent target localization and beam tracking adaptively. The metasurface is composed of an array of meta-atoms, and each is loaded with two PIN diodes and a sensing-channel structure, for polarization-insensitive and programmable beamforming and sensing. By controlling the state of the PIN diode, the proposed meta-atom has 1-bit phase response in the designed frequency band, while the sensing loss keeps higher than -10 dB for both "ON" and "OFF" states. Hence there is nearly no interaction between the beamforming and sensing modes. Experiments are conducted to show multiple functions of the metasurface, including intelligent target sensing and self-adaptive beamforming, and the measured results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.