Effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA ZEB2-AS1 in the occurrence and development of colon cancer.

Objective: Clarify the expression changes, biological functions and related mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZEB2-AS1 in colon cancer tissues. Methods: The expression levels of ZEB2-AS1 in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization methods. Cell biology experiments were performed to detect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cells when the level of ZEB2-AS1 was overexpression or silencing. Then, Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of ZEB2-AS1 on the expression levels of ß-catenin protein and related genes in the signal pathway. Results: We found that the expression level of ZEB2-AS1 in colon cancer tissues was significantly up-regulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. In colon cancer cell line of HCT8, overexpression of ZEB2-AS1 could promote cell proliferation and migration, while silencing ZEB2-AS1 would enhance cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation. Study on the mechanism of ZEB2-AS1 showed that it could promote the expression of ß-catenin, activate downstream genes to be transcribed and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. Conclusion: ZEB2-AS1 could promote colon cancer cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis to promote the progression of colon cancer by upregulating the expression of ß-catenin protein. ZEB2-AS1 may be a useful new target for treating colon cancer patients.

Impact of Abdominal Shape on Short-Term Surgical Outcome of Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has been widely accepted for the treatment for gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of abdominal shape parameters on gastric antrum cancer patients' short-term surgical outcomes of LADG with D2 lymph node dissection in both genders, including the number of lymph nodes retrieved and surgical safety index. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 177 gastric antrum cancer patients, who underwent LADG between April 2009 and January 2016. The abdominal shape parameters, including abdominal anterior-posterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), xiphoid process of the sternum-navel distance (XND), and thickness of subcutaneous fat (SCF) at the umbilicus level, were calculated by preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. The effects of abdominal shape parameters on the short-term surgical outcomes of LADG were analyzed. RESULTS: In male patients undergoing LADG and D2 lymph node dissection, the number of retrieved lymph nodes was significantly lower in patients with APD ≥17.3 cm (P = 0.005), TD ≥27.4 cm (P = 0.029), SCF ≥1.2 cm (P = 0.014), and BMI ≥22.2 (P = 0.008), whereas in female patients, these were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). APD, TD, SCF, and BMI were negatively correlated with the number of retrieved lymph nodes in male patients. There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes retrieved between high-XND group and low-XND group in either gender. Operation time was significantly shorter in male patients with XND < 17.0 cm (P = 0.044) and in female patients with SCF < 2.15 cm (P = 0.013). Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complication rate were not significantly different between high- and low-APD groups, high- and low-TD groups, high- and low-XND groups, and high- and low-SCF groups in either gender. Compared with male patients, SCF and TD were significantly higher in female patients. In addition, a higher incidence rate of hypertension was observed in patients of both genders with large APD and SCF, although statistically significant only in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: LADG with D2 lymph node dissection can effectively achieve the lymph node dissection requirement of radical distal gastrectomy for patients with various abdominal shapes. It is worth noting that APD, TD, and SCF can impact on lymph node dissection of LADG in male patients. Nevertheless, in female patients, abdominal shape do not impact on lymph node dissection of LADG. Moreover, LADG with D2 lymph node dissection is proved to be safe for various abdominal shape in both genders, even for abdominal obese patients.

Prognostic significance of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor expression in gallbladder cancer.

AIM: To assess the expression of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in benign and malignant gallbladder lesions and to determine its clinicopathological significance. METHODS: We studied 40 patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and a control group of 40 patients with cholelithiasis. All diagnoses of GBC and cholelithiasis were confirmed by histopathological examination after surgery. None of the patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery. All tissue samples were fixed in 4% formalin immediately after removal and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical staining. The HDGF expression in the GBC and cholelithiasis specimens was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the HDGF expression and the clinicopathological parameters of GBC was analyzed. RESULTS: Nuclear HDGF expression was significantly higher (77.5%) in GBC than in chronic cholelithiasis (21.5%, P < 0.001). High nuclear HDGF levels were associated with histopathological subtype (P < 0.05), clinical stage (P < 0.01), and perineural invasion (P < 0.01) but not with sex, age, history of gallstones, or lymph node metastasis. A univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that positive nuclear HDGF expression was associated with decreased overall survival (P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that nuclear HDGF expression and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: The expression of nuclear HDGF might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

[A comparative study of laparoscopic-assisted and open distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, feasibility and the long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). METHODS: The clinical and follow-up data of 46 cases after LAG from June 2008 to December 2009 were analyzed, and compared with 85 cases after conventional open gastrectomy (OG) for advanced gastric cancer at the same period at our hospital. The surgical safety, postoperative recovery, complications, radical degree, survival rate were compared. RESULT: As compared with OG group, operation time was longer in LATG group ((274 ± 78) min vs. ( 217 ± 41) min, t = 4.635, P = 0.000). Estimated blood loss in the LAG group ((254 ± 112) ml) was significantly less than in the OG group (t = 3.942, P = 0.000). Time to ambulation ((63 ± 16) hours), first flatus ((77 ± 20) hours), resumed liquid diet ((88 ± 15) hours), duration of analgesic medication ((53 ± 20) hours) and postoperative hospital stay ((11.1 ± 4.6) days) were significantly shorter in the LAG group (t = 5.549, 6.508, 9.436, 9.464 and 2.980 respectively, all P < 0.01). The distance of the proximal and distal resection margin were (5.7 ± 1.4) cm and (3.9 ± 1.5) cm in LAG group, (5.8 ± 1.1) cm and (4.7 ± 1.5) cm in OG group respectively, but the difference was not significant. The number of lymph node dissections was also similar, (30.5 ± 10.4) in LAG group and (32.6 ± 12.3) in OG group (t = 0.960, P = 0.339). The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rate in LAG group (8.7% and 0 respectively) were also lower than in the OG group, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean follow-up was 31.0 months (range 6-48 months), and the cumulative survival of the 2 groups was similar (χ(2) = 1.594, P = 0.207). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer is not significantly different with open surgery in surgical safety, radical degree, and survival rate. It is less traumatic and of fewer complications.

Association between C1019T polymorphism in the connexin 37 gene and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the connexin 37 C1019T polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: 388 patients with gastric cancer (GC), 204 with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) were studied. H. pylori was detected by gastric mucosal biopsies biopsy dyeing method. Connexin 37 gene polymorphism 1019 site genotypes were determined by gene sequencing technology. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were compared. RESULTS: (1) Connexin37 gene 1019 site distribution frequency (CC type, TC type, TT type) in the CSG group was 18.1%, 45.1% and 36.8%; in the stomach cancer group it was 35.1%, 45.9% and 19.%, conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg euilibrium. (2) In comparison with CSG group, the frequency of Connexin37 C allele was higher in the gastric cancer group (58.0% vs 40.7%, OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.58-2.57, P<0.01). The prevalence of gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in the carriers of C allele (CC+TC) than in TT homozygote (OR=2.47, 5%CI=1.68-3.610. (3) Gastric cancer patients complicated with Hp infection 211 cases, gastric cancer group of the male patients with HP positive patients with 187 cases, 40 cases of female patients with negative patients, 24 cases were HP positive, negative in 137 cases, control group male patients, 28 cases were Hp positive, negative in 95 patients, female patients with Hp positive 6 cases, 75 cases were negative. On hierarchical analysis, the male group OR value was 15.9 (95%CI to 9.22-27.3), and the female OR was 2.19 (95%CI 0.88-5.59), indicating a greater contribution in males (P<0.01). After elimination of gender effects, positive HP and gastric cancer were closely related (OR 8.82, 95% CI: 5.45-14.3). (4) The distribution frequency of C allele in patients with Hp infection was much higher than that in Hp negative cases in the GC group (64.5% vs 47.0%, OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.54-2.74, P<0.01). Compared with TT homozygotes, (CC+TC) genotype prevalence of gastric cancer risk increased significantly (OR=2.96, 5%CI=1.76-2.99). CONCLUSION: The T allele in the connexin37 gene might not only be associated with gastric cancer but also with H. pylori infection.