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BACKGROUND: During the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals became focal points for normalised prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an inpatient bed reservation system for cancer patients that was developed in the department?s public WeChat account. We also explored its role in improving operational efficiency and nursing quality management, as well as in optimising nursing workforce deployment. METHODS: We utilised WeChat to facilitate communication between cancer patients and health care professionals. Furthermore, we collected data on admissions, discharges, average number of hospitalisation days, bed utilisation rate, and the number of bed days occupied by hospitalised patients through the hospital information system and nurses? working hours and competency levels through the nurse scheduling system. The average nursing hours per patient per day were calculated. Through the inpatient bed reservation system, the number of accepted admissions, denied admissions, and cancelled admissions from the reservation system were collected. The impact of the bed reservation system on the department?s operational efficiency was analysed by comparing the number of hospitalisation discharges before and after reservations, as well as the average hospitalisation and bed utilisation rates. By comparing nurses? working hours per month and average nursing hours per patient per day, the system?s impact on nurses? working hours and nursing quality indicators was analysed. RESULTS: The average hospitalisation length, bed utilisation rate, and nurses? working hours were significantly lower, and the average number of nursing hours per patient per day was significantly higher after the implementation of the reservation system. The full-cycle bed information management model for cancer patients did not affect the number of discharged patients. CONCLUSION: Patients? ability to reserve bed types from home in advance using the department?s official WeChat-based inpatient bed reservation system allowed nurses to prepare for their work ahead of time. This in turn improved the operational efficiency of the department and nursing quality, and it optimised the deployment of the nursing workforce.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Neoplasms , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Neoplasms/therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , SARS-CoV-2 , Bed Occupancy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Male , Female , Hospital Information Systems , InpatientsABSTRACT
Human genetic resources are an indispensable part of national natural science and technology resources， as well as an important strategic resource for safeguarding national security， public health， and social public interests. To promote the effective protection and rational utilization of human genetic resources， as well as improve and optimize the local human genetic resources management system in China， this paper summarized the current situation of administrative approval and supervision of national human genetic resources from 2004 to 2021 by sorting out the national human genetic resources management policies and regulations. Furthermore， the current situation and progress of local human genetic resources management in China were understood from three aspects， including development planning and programs of human genetic resources， administrative licensing and penalties， and the construction of management expert committees. The main problems of local human genetic resources management in China were discussed and analyzed， such as unclear supervision， difficulty in supervision and inspection， and capacity for services. Based on the causes of the problems and the local management work， specific countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the perspective of clarifying the regulatory policies and procedures for human genetic resources， improving the supervision and inspection mechanisms， and improving the management and service capabilities.
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With the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy, the value of care has become increasingly prominent. It has become an important nursing topic to strengthen the theoretical and practical research of nurse-patient communication, especially to understand the current state, and explore the essential characteristics, the influencing factors and the differences in interdisciplinary perspectives of nurse-patient communication. Through systematic analysis of 100 real clinical nurse-patient communication cases, this paper found that the problem of poor nurse-patient communication still existed widely, which is prominently manifested as the inhibition of communication willingness, the dislocation of communication topics and the lack of communication consensus. The causes of poor nurse-patient communication were nurses’ poor communication skills, negative emotional distress, the lack of humanistic literacy and insufficient energy investment in communication, as well as the patient’s fragile state, the limitation of knowledge and cultural level, and insufficient trust in nurses. The interdisciplinary perspective analysis of ethics, psychology and law is conducive to enriching and developing the theoretical basis and research methods of nurse-patient communication, and can also provide useful suggestions for improving nurse-patient communication in clinical.
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Background There is a lack of research evidence on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China. Objective To explore the association between frequency of SSB consumption before pregnancy and risk of GDM in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for targeted interventions to control maternal blood glucose. Methods The recruitment to the China Birth Cohort study started in October 2020. Pregnant women at 6-16 weeks who had their first prenatal examination at five hospitals in Shaanxi Province were recruited. A maternal health questionnaire was used to collect basic information about pregnant women. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect the consumption of carbonated beverages, fruit and vegetable juice beverages, coffee beverages, and milk tea beverages in one year before pregnancy, which were summed to obtain the SSB consumption. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to SSB consumption, namely <1 serving·week−1, 1-4 servings·week−1, and ≥5 servings·week−1. GDM was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24-28 weeks of gestation. A binary logistic regression model was applied to explore the association between SSB consumption and risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations between SSB consumption (per 1-serving·d−1 increase) and OGTT fasting plasma glucose, 1-hour glucose, and 2-hour glucose. Results A total of 3811 pregnant women were finally enrolled in this study, of which 752 developed GDM, with an incidence rate of 19.7%. The incidence rates of GDM in pregnant women with SSB consumption frequency of <1 serving·week−1, 1-4 servings·week−1, and ≥5 servings·week−1 were 18.0%, 21.1%, and 26.8%, respectively. After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), education, number of children born, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and total energy intake, the risk of GDM increased by 26% (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.50) in the 1-4 servings·week−1 group and by 76% (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.38) in the ≥5 servings·week−1 group compared to the <1 serving·week−1 SSB consumption group, respectively. Further stratified analysis revealed no interaction effect (Pinteraction>0.05) between SSB consumption and maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, or first labor or not. For each additional SSB consumption per day, the risk of GDM increased by 94% (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.37, 2.75); and the maternal OGTT 1-hour glucose and 2-hour glucose increased by 0.33 mmol·L−1 and 0.18 mmol·L−1, respectively (P<0.05), and no significant increase in fasting plasma glucose was found (P>0.05). Conclusion Higher SSB consumption before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM in pregnant women.
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【Objective】 To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for improving the policy of COVID-19 vaccination. 【Methods】 The socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data, disability, and COVID-19 vaccination status of 575 elderly adults who resided in long-term care facilities in Shaanxi Province were collected via Sojumpin in January 2022. Factors that affected non-vaccinated elderly adults were analyzed by using the SPSS 25.0 software. 【Results】 Of the included 575 participants, 199 (34.6%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Univariate analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age, room type, length of stay, marital status, number of children, chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, stroke, dementia), disability degree, and long-term medication use. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 90 years or above (OR=4.25), triple room (OR=6.17), moderate disability (OR=2.94), severe disability (OR=6.67), long-term medication use (OR=1.81), and stroke (OR=1.74) were independent risk factors for not injecting COVID-19 vaccine. 【Conclusion】 The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of elderly adults in long-term care facilities needs to be improved, and more attention should be paid to the high-risk groups (e.g., who are older, and have disability, long-term medication use, or stroke).
ABSTRACT
With the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy, the value of care has become increasingly prominent. It has become an important nursing topic to strengthen the theoretical and practical research of nurse-patient communication, especially to understand the current state, and explore the essential characteristics, the influencing factors and the differences in interdisciplinary perspectives of nurse-patient communication. Through systematic analysis of 100 real clinical nurse-patient communication cases, this paper found that the problem of poor nurse-patient communication still existed widely, which is prominently manifested as the inhibition of communication willingness, the dislocation of communication topics and the lack of communication consensus. The causes of poor nurse-patient communication were nurses’ poor communication skills, negative emotional distress, the lack of humanistic literacy and insufficient energy investment in communication, as well as the patient’s fragile state, the limitation of knowledge and cultural level, and insufficient trust in nurses. The interdisciplinary perspective analysis of ethics, psychology and law is conducive to enriching and developing the theoretical basis and research methods of nurse-patient communication, and can also provide useful suggestions for improving nurse-patient communication in clinical.
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Many studies have reported that estrogen (E2) promotes lung cancer by binding to nuclear estrogen receptors (ER), and altering ER related nuclear protein expressions. With the GEO database analysis, Human centromere protein F (CENPF) is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and the co-expression of CENPF and ERß was found in the nucleus of LUAD cells through immunofluorescence. We identified the nuclear protein CENPF and explored its relationship with the ER pathway. CENPF and ERß2/5 were related with T stage and poor prognosis (P<0.05). CENPF knockout significantly inhibited LUAD cell growth, the tumor growth of mice and the expression of ERß2/5 (P<0.05). The protein expression of CENPF and ERß2/5 in the CENPF-Knockdown+Fulvestrant group was lower than CENPF- Negative Control +Fulvestrant group (P=0.002, 0.004, 0.001) in A549 cells. The tumor size and weight of the CENPF-Knockdown+Fulvestrant group were significantly lower than CENPF- Negative Control +Fulvestrant group (P=0.001, 0.039) in nude mice. All the results indicated that both CENPF and ERß2/5 play important roles in the progression of LUAD, and knockdown CENPF can inhibit the progression of LUAD by inhibiting the expression of ER2/5. Thus, the development of inhibitors against ERß2/5 and CENPF remained more effective in improving the therapeutic effect of LUAD.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics , Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology , Animals , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism , Computational Biology , Databases, Factual , Disease Progression , Estrogen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Fulvestrant/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Mice , Mice, Nude , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/geneticsABSTRACT
Even though the interaction between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) has been found in many tumors, there is a lack of relevant in-depth study of lung cancer. The following study investigates the interaction of EGFR and IL-6R in lung cancer. In the current study, EGFR, IL-6, and glycoprotein 130 (GP130) were highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples and were associated with clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, the effect of EGF and IL-6 on biological behavior of lung cancer cells (cell proliferation, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis) and the expression of EGFR, GP130, p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and p-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p44/42 MAPK) was significantly stronger compared with other treatment groups (all P < 0.05). These results suggest that EGFR and IL-6R have synergistic effects on NSCLC progression. This could help to solve the problem of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer resistance and improve the efficacy of current treatment for lung cancer through a combination of EGFR and IL-6R signaling pathways.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Disease Progression , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism , A549 Cells , Apoptosis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors , ErbB Receptors/genetics , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Female , Gefitinib/pharmacology , Glycoproteins/genetics , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Niclosamide/pharmacology , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the pathogenicity of Acinetobacter venetum（Av），which is expected to be used as an environmental remediation agent，using Caenorhabditis elegans（C.elegans）. @*Methods@#The C.elegans were cultured on the media loaded with E.coli OP50 and Av，respectively. The pathogenicity of Av was evaluated by observing the effects of Av on the growth，movement，digestive function，lifespan and reproduction of C.elegans，compared with that of another evaluation system according to NY 1109-2017 General Biosafety Standard for Microbial Fertilizers.@*Results@#By C. elegans system，it was found that the body length，width，head thrash frequency，body bending frequency and average lifespan [（13.5±0.4）d vs.（13.7±0.4）d] of adult nematodes in the Av group were not significantly different from those in the OP50 group（all P>0.05）；while the average time of defecation cycle in the Av group shortened，the total number of progenies in the Av group increased by 18.7%（all P<0.05）. According to NY1109-2017 General Biosafety Standard for Microbial Fertilizers，it was found that the oral LD50 values for both male and female mice were more than 10 g/kgbw，which was practically non-toxic；the pathogenicity test of acute intraperitoneal injection showed that the animals did not have signs of poisoning，deaths or any abnormalities in gross anatomy；Av had no irritation to damaged skin and eyes of rabbits；the hemolysis test was negative；Av was sensitive to seven antibiotics and was medium to one antibiotic. @*Conclusion@#Av is not pathogenic. C. elegans can be used in early screening for the pathogenicity of environmental remediation agents.
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As the core of cellular immunotherapy, T cells are important aspects of research and treatment of lung cancer. IL-6 is a costimulatory signal factor of T cells that is directly targeted by lung cancer stem cells. As a highly expressed cytokine in lung cancer cells, IL-6 plays an important role in variety of biological activities such as tumor occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the research progress on IL-6 in lung cancer, including cancer development and progression, and the therapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer.
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Humans , Disease Progression , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Pathology , Research , T-Lymphocytes , MetabolismABSTRACT
The main contents of doctor - patient consensus, including that the history of human diseases is much earlier than the history of medical science; in the process of medical progress, diseases are also constantly e-volving; people generally pay more attention to medicine and have prejudice to the disease; doctors focus more on"diseases" while what patients feel is"sickness"; the power of medicine is always limited and the evolution of dis-ease is infinite. On this basis,this paper analyzed the obstacles in the formation process of doctor - patient consensus and put forward the improvement countermeasures from the angle of doctor, patient and society respectively.
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Medical violence is a typical crisis. The survey showed that medical students generally lacked effec-tive strategies to deal with medical violence and also were looking forward to receiving related education and training subjectively. It has positive theoretical and practical significance to carry out the crisis management education of medical violence among medical students. From the four levels of crisis management, through strengthening human-istic education, psychological health education, carrying out crisis experience teaching, conducting crisis response practice in teaching and other tries, to carry out crisis management education of medical violence among medical students can improve medical students' crisis prevention awareness, early-warning ability, handling ability and recovery ability, so as to provide useful reference for preventing and resolving medical violence and building a har-monious doctor-patient relationship.
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OBJECTIVE: Compelling evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinases (Mapks) play an important role in amelogenesis. However, the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß-activating kinase 1 (Tak1, Map3k7), which is a known upstream kinase of Mapks, during amelogenesis remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Map3k7 in amelogenesis. DESIGN: We generated transgenic mice that produced constitutively active human MAP3K7 (caMAP3K7) under the control of amelogenin (Amelx) gene promoter. Radiography and micro-computed tomography (µCT) analysis was used to detect the radio-opacity and density of the teeth. The enamel microstructure was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Histological analysis was used to observe the adhesion between ameloblasts and residual organic matrix of the enamel. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of enamel matrix protein. RESULTS: The enamel of mandibular molars in caMAP3K7-overexpressing mice displayed pigmentation and a highly irregular structure compared with the wild type littermates. Teeth of transgenic animals underwent rapid attrition due to the brittleness of the enamel layer. The microstructure of enamel, normally a highly ordered arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals, was completely disorganized. The gross histological appearances of ameloblasts and supporting cellular structures, as well as the expression of the enamel protein amelotin (Amtn) were altered by the overexpression of caMAP3K7. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that protein expression, processing and secretion occurred abnormally in transgenic mice overexpressing caMAP3K7. The overexpression of caMAP3K7 had a profound effect on enamel structure by disrupting the orderly growth of enamel prisms.
Subject(s)
Ameloblasts/metabolism , Amelogenesis/genetics , Dental Enamel/metabolism , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics , Animals , Dental Enamel/diagnostic imaging , Dental Enamel Proteins/metabolism , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Molar/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , X-Ray MicrotomographyABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the correlation between expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZXF1 and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma; and to explore its potential molecular mechanism.@*Methods@#A total of 83 lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples and 83 paracancerous lung tissue samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients were collected. The mRNA expression of ZXF1 in the tumors and the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The correlation between ZXF1 level and clinicopathological characteristics such as age, gender, smoking history, tumor size, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis was evaluated. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate regression, based on the data of a 12-56 months follow-up after surgery. In vitro ZXF1 was over-expressed in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and then the proteins functionally related to ZXF1 were identified by protein array analysis.@*Results@#Of the 83 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, the ZXF1 mRNA levels in the tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues were 8.32±3.05 and 1.05±0.47, respectively (P<0.05), and a high-level the high expression of ZXF1 in the tumor tissues was detected in 56 cases. The expression status of ZXF1 was closely correlated with the tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but was not significantly related to age, gender and tumor size. Based on a 12-56 months follow-up, the patients with high level ZXF1 expression had a shorter disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than that of the group with low level ZXF1 (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ZXF1 expression, tumor size and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors to DFS; and ZXF1 expression, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation were independent risk factors to OS. The protein array data revealed that expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP-5)and stem cell factor receptor (SCFR)were upregulated upon overexpression of the ZXF1 in A549 cells.@*Conclusions@#lncRNA ZXF1 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and is closely correlated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. As an independent risk factor, a high expression of ZXF1 indicates a poor prognosis for the patients. ZXF1 may influence the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma by enhancing the protein expression of BMP-5 and SCFR.
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The scenario simulation teaching method created a novel teaching mode for medical ethics and explored the new methods to enhance the teaching level.Through 6-year practice teaching,the authors made a comprehensive summary,refined the process,and resolved the existing problems.Several experiences gained in the process.The form of scenario simulation is novel,which is loved by the students.It is helpful to achieve the teaching goal that class should be led by students,cultivate medical students' humanistic quality,and make teaching benefits teachers as well as students.
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At present,there are the following problems in the country doctors' professionalism education,the lack of country doctors' understanding of physician professionalism,the impact of the market economy and the neg-lect of the current physician professionalism education.On the basis of this,this paper suggested to improve the so-cial status and treatment of country doctors,to strengthen the education and training of professionalism-related subjects,to embody the humanistic idea and criterion in the rich specialized course teaching,and to promote the implementation of country doctors' professionalism education and training.
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This paper analyzed the main cause of the alienation of doctor-patient trust,the poor complaint channels of medical dispute,the lack of credibility for medical and judicial authentication,citizens' consciousness and other medical violence.Aiming at medical violence,we should popularize the concept of law firstly.Secondly,we should revise and perfect the act of medical violence,and promote the institutionalization of handling medical disputes.Then,we should strengthen the construction of physicianprofessionalism and perfect the medical identification.Third,we should strengthen the construction of mediation mechanism and import medical liability insurance appropriately.
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The immogenicity of a novel vaccine antigen was evaluated after immunized American eels (Anguilla rostrata) with a recombinant bivalent expressed outer membrane protein (OMP) of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Three groups of eels were intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), formaline-killed-whole-cell (FKC) of A. hydrophila and V. vulnificus (FKC group) or the bivalent OMP (OMP group). On 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-vaccination respectively, proliferation of the whole blood cells, titers of specific antibody and lysozyme activities of experimental eels were detected. On 28 day post-vaccination, eels from three groups were challenged by i.p injection of live A. hydrophila or V. vulnificus. The results showed that, compared with the PBS group, proliferation of whole blood cells in OMP group was significant enhanced on 28 days, and the serum titers of anti-A.hydrophila and anti-V. vulnificus antibody in eels of FKC and OMP group were significant increased on 14, 21 and 28d. Lysozyme Activities in serum, skin mucus, liver and kidney were significant changed between the three groups. Relative Percent Survival (RPS) after challenged A. hydrophila in KFC vs. PBS group and OMP vs. PBS group were 62.5% and 50% respectively, and the RPS challenged V. vulnificus in FKC and OMP vs. PBS group were 37.5% and 50% respectively. These results suggest that American eels immunized with the bivalent OMP would positively affect specific as well as non-specific immune parameters and protect against infection by the two pathogens in fresh water farming.
Subject(s)
Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology , Anguilla , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Proteins/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Fish Diseases/immunology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Porins/immunology , Aeromonas hydrophila/immunology , Animals , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Injections, Intraperitoneal/veterinary , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Vibrio Infections/immunology , Vibrio Infections/microbiology , Vibrio Infections/veterinary , Vibrio vulnificus/immunologyABSTRACT
Objective To determine the optimal injection dose of ozone for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.Methods A total of 240 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were randomly and equally divided into four groups,with 60 patients in each group.Under CT guidance intervertebral injection of ozone was performed.The injection dose of ozone(50 ug/ml)used for patients in group A,B,C and D was 10 ml,20 ml,30 ml and 40 ml respectively.Immediately after the procedure CT scanning was made to check the result. A follow-up lasting 6-12 months was carried out.Clinical observation,including the ablation degree of the nucleus puiposus,the therapeutic results and the adverse reactions,was conducted.The results were statistically analyzed and compared among the four groups.Results A significant difference in the therapeutic effect existed between group A(10 ml)and other three groups(P＜0.05),while no significant difference in the therapeutic effect existed among group B(20 ml),group C(30 ml)and group D(40 ml),with P＞0.05.The occurrence of complications was increasing with the injection dose used.Conclusion The optimal injection dose of ozone for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion is 20 ml.
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To establish a murine carotid artery transplantation model for the study of the chronic rejection, 80 rats were divided into two groups, an allotransplant (ACI-Lewis) group and an isotransplant (Lewis-Lewis) group (control group). The donor carotid artery and the recipient carotid artery were anastomosed by using a polyethylene cuff (internal diameter: 0.7 mm, length: 3 mm).The pathological changes of carotid artery transplant were observed 14, 28 and 56 days after the transplantation. The results showed that the model was successfully established in 95% of the animals. The chronic rejection-associated arteriosclerosis was induced 28 days after the transplantation. The new chronic rejection model of carotid artery by using cuff technique caused fewer traumas and was easy to make. The pathological changes of the transplant mimicked the chronic rejection-associated arteriosclerosis found in human transplant.