ABSTRACT
Changes in interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in cells infected with measles virus (MeV), four wild strains (belonging to different genotypes), and the laboratory strain Edmonston were examined. ISGs [MxA, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and interferon regulatory factor-1] were upregulated in an MeV-infection-induced manner and in an IFN-induced manner. In MeV-infected SiHa cell lines, the MeV infection-induced expression levels were in the order of A>H1>D8>D5>D3. On the other hand, all infected cell lines abolished type I and III IFN-induced ISG expression. However, partial type II IFN-mediated induction was observed in the MeV-infected cells. The wild strain of genotype D3 was the most potent inhibitor of MeV infection-induced and IFN-induced ISG expression and generated the highest titer of infectious viral particles. Edmonston triggered the highest levels of MeV infection-induced ISG expression in SiHa cells and produced the lowest titer of infectious particles. Expression of the viral C protein was associated with suppression of MeV infection-induced and type II IFN-induced ISG expression.
Subject(s)
Epithelial Cells/virology , Genome, Viral , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Measles virus/drug effects , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cervix Uteri/drug effects , Cervix Uteri/immunology , Cervix Uteri/virology , Chlorocebus aethiops , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/immunology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Genotype , Humans , Interferon-alpha/pharmacology , Interferon-gamma/pharmacology , Interferons/pharmacology , Measles virus/genetics , Measles virus/growth & development , Measles virus/immunology , Nitriles , Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics , Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology , Plasmids/chemistry , Plasmids/immunology , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Pyrimidines , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Vero Cells , Viral Load/drug effects , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/geneticsSubject(s)
Disease Eradication/trends , Measles/epidemiology , Measles/prevention & control , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cluster Analysis , Female , Genotype , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Molecular Epidemiology , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Nucleoproteins/genetics , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
In 2007 eight epidemic clusters (more than 15 cases in each) and other sporadic cases of measles occurred in Hokkaido district, Japan. A total of 850 cases were identified. Approximately half of them were > or = 15 years of age, resulting in a huge public health problem in the community associated with school closings, and 31% of the cases reported that they already had a history of vaccination. Of 28 isolates of the measles virus detected, all were identified as genotype D5, identical to the type isolated in other areas of Japan, suggesting that a highly homologous measles virus circulated in Japan. The occurrence pattern of measles patients and molecular epidemiology indicated that the measles virus that spread in Hokkaido district might not be indigenous.