Electronic malignant bowel obstruction symptom monitoring smartphone application for patients with gynecologic cancers.

OBJECTIVES: Implementation of an interprofessional program at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, including nurse-led proactive calls to support patients with gynecologic cancers with malignant bowel obstruction, demonstrated improved outcomes compared with historical controls. The aim of the study was to convert the proactive calls into an electronic monitoring program to assess it's feasibility and scalability in patients with gynecologic cancers with or at risk of malignant bowel obstruction. METHODS: 'My Bowels on Track' smartphone application included weekly/biweekly electronic patient-reported outcomes (PROs), educational materials, and a secure messaging system. Based on PRO answers, an alerting system flagged patients with symptoms or uncompleted PROs. Nurses tracked and called patients on receiving clinical or compliance alerts. The primary objective was to assess adherence (≥70% PRO completion per patient considered an adherent patient) in the first 2 months on the program. A secondary objective was to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of the alerts to trigger recommendations. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled between August 2021 and September 2022. Median age was 64.5 years (range 29-79 years). Primary diagnosis was ovarian (75%), endometrial (17.5%), or cervical (7.5%) cancer, and 92.5% of patients were receiving systemic therapy. Median duration on the program was 55 days (range 8-121 days). The 2-month adherence was 65% (95% CI 50% to 80%) and the overall adherence was 60% (95% CI 43% to 75%). Sixty-five symptom-related alerts (75% severe, 25% moderate) were reported in 60% (24/40) of patients. There were 59 recommendations triggered by the alerts. The PPV of the alerts to trigger actions was 72% (95% CI 58% to 82%). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot electronic malignant bowel obstruction monitoring program with real-time PRO assessment was feasible, and 65% of participants were adherent during the first 2 months on the program. The PRO response-based alerting system flagged concerning symptoms in 60% of participants, with a PPV of 72% to trigger nurse-led actions and/or management recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03260647.

Evaluating Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Education Interest in LGBTQ2 + Cancer Care.

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning and two-spirited, plus (LGBTQ2 +) community experiences cancer-related health disparities and inequities. Our objective was to assess LGBTQ2 + knowledge, attitudes, practices and education interest of healthcare professionals (HCPs), identify opportunities to improve care and inform the development of an HCP education curriculum. This was a mixed methods quality improvement study conducted within a tertiary academic cancer centre. An email was sent to all gynaecologic oncology disease site staff (n = 92) with a secure link to an online survey. We measured respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and LGBTQ2 + knowledge, attitudes, practice behaviours and education interest. Open comments explored HCP experiences and reservations caring for LGBTQ2 + patients and suggestions to improve care. Seventy-five out of ninety-two (82%) HCPs completed the survey, with 7% identifying as LGBTQ2 + . HCPs reported feeling less comfortable (88% vs. 80%, p = 0.031) and knowledgeable (44% vs. 27%, p < 0.001) caring for transgender patients compared to LGBQ2 + patients. Most (76%) were unaware whether LGBTQ2 + -specific patient educational materials existed within their institution. Almost all (92% strongly agreed/agreed) were interested in receiving LGBTQ2 + -specific education. Two themes emerged from analysis of open comments: (i) HCPs are concerned of offending LGBTQ2 + individuals because of their lack of knowledge and (ii) HCPs desire LGBTQ2 + -specific health training, specifically in asking pronouns and caring for transgender patients. HCPs report competency gaps in caring for LGBTQ2 + patients with cancer but desire education. In response, we recommend institutions develop an educational curriculum for HCPs improve communication and inclusivity in cancer care.

Management of Malignant Bowel Obstruction: An Innovative Proactive Outpatient Nurse-Led Model of Care for Patients With Advanced Gynecologic Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) in patients with advanced gynecologic cancer (GyCa) can negatively impact clinical outcomes and quality of life. Oncology nurses can support these patients with adequate tools/processes. PROBLEM: Patients with GyCa with/at risk of MBO endure frequent emergency or hospital admissions, impacting patient care. APPROACH: Optimizing oncology nurses' role to improve care for patients with GyCa with/at risk of MBO, the gynecology oncology interprofessional team collaborated to develop a proactive outpatient nurse-led MBO model of care (MOC). OUTCOMES: The MBO MOC involves a risk-based algorithm engaging interdisciplinary care, utilizing standardized tools, risk-based assessment, management, and education for patients and nurses. The MOC has improved patient-reported confidence level of bowel self-management and decreased hospitalization. Following education, nurses demonstrated increased knowledge in MBO management. CONCLUSIONS: An outpatient nurse-led MBO MOC can improve patient care and may be extended to other cancer centers, fostering collaboration and best practice.

Inoperable Bowel Obstruction in Ovarian Cancer: Prevalence, Impact and Management Challenges.

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is one of the most severe complications in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, with an estimated incidence up to 50%. Its presence is related to poor prognosis and a life expectancy measured in weeks for inoperable cases. Symptoms are usually difficult to manage and often require hospitalization, which carries a high burden on patients, caregivers and the healthcare system. Management is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach to improve clinical outcomes. Patients with inoperable MBO are treated medically with analgesics, antiemetics, steroids and antisecretory agents. Parenteral nutrition and gut decompression with nasogastric tube, venting gastrostomy or stenting may be used as supportive therapy. Treatment decision-making is challenging and often based on clinical expertise and local policies, with lack of high-quality evidence to optimally standardize management. The present review summarizes current literature on inoperable bowel obstruction in ovarian cancer, focusing on epidemiology, prognostic factors, clinical outcomes, medical management, multidisciplinary interventions and quality of life.

Evaluating the effect of a group pre-treatment chemotherapy psycho-education session for chemotherapy-naive gynecologic cancer patients and their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effects of a pre-chemotherapy education class on chemotherapy-naïve patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and their informal caregivers. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a cancer centre in Toronto, Canada. All women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer, who were scheduled to receive chemotherapy treatment, and their caregivers were invited to attend the GyneChemo class, newly introduced as the centre's standard of care. Consenting attendees were asked to complete pre-and post-class survey measures assessing anxiety, self-efficacy, information needs, preparedness to begin chemotherapy treatment, and satisfaction with the class. RESULTS: Between September 2014 to September 2016, 642 individuals attended the GyneChemo class. 75 patients and 64 caregivers completed both pre- and post-class measures. Over 80% of participants agreed that the class was beneficial, specific to their needs, and administered in an appropriate setting. Significant increases in patient and caregiver self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and preparedness to begin chemotherapy treatment (p < 0.001) were found following class completion. Significant differences in patient's anxiety scores were found, with patients who reported an annual household income of <$25,000 experiencing increased anxiety (MD = +5.33) and patients reporting an income of $25,000-$75,000 reporting decreased anxiety (MD = -4.75) following class completion (p = 0.034). No significant difference in the average pre-post caregiver anxiety score (p = 0.207) was found. CONCLUSION: This educational model provides patients and informal caregivers with information specific to their chemotherapy regimen and disease site. Integrating pre-treatment education into cancer care has the potential to improve the survivorship experience by increasing self-efficacy, treatment preparedness, and psychological well-being.

Supported self-management as a model for end-of-life care in the setting of malignant bowel obstruction: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: Women with advanced gynecologic cancer and malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) undergo repeated hospitalizations, experience feelings of isolation and abandonment, and often die in acute settings. Innovative outpatient models of care are needed to address the unmet needs of this population at the end-of-life. We implemented a novel supported self-management (SMS) program focused on increasing patients' skill and confidence in managing MBO proactively in the ambulatory setting. METHODS: We performed a qualitative descriptive study embedded in a prospective single-arm evaluative trial (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03260647) to understand the impact of this program on patients' sense of support, degree of distress, quality of care, and capacity to self-manage. Semi-structured interviews were completed and analysed using the Chronic Care Model as a theoretical framework. Data saturation was confirmed after 15 interviews. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (age range: 47-82) with diagnoses of advanced ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer were interviewed; 10 had died by end of follow-up, with a median interval from interview to death of 5 months. Patients were able to self-manage the: (i) medical aspects; (ii) psychological consequences, and (iii) changes in life roles and expectations resulting from their condition. Patients felt greatly supported, less isolated, and secure in their knowledge and ability to access care due to SMS. While patients understood their disease was not curative they did not fully appreciate that MBO signalled a significantly poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION: Outpatient SMS interventions can be successfully implemented even for rapidly fatal conditions at the end-of-life and offer significant benefit to gynecologic cancer patients with MBO. Counselling should focus on the specific trajectory of MBO, and early palliative care referrals should be standard practice.

Optimizing the Care of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients With Advanced Gynecologic Cancer.

PURPOSE: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common and distressing complication in women with advanced gynecologic cancer. A pilot, interprofessional MBO program was launched in 2016 at a large Canadian tertiary cancer center to integrate these patients' complex care needs across multiple disciplines and support women with MBO. METHOD: Retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcomes of women with advanced gynecologic cancer who were admitted to hospital because of MBO, before (2014 to 2016: baseline group) and after (2016 to 2018) implementation of the MBO program. RESULTS: Of the 169 women evaluated, 106 and 63 were in the baseline group and MBO program group, respectively. Most had ovarian cancer (n = 124; 73%) and had small-bowel obstruction (n = 131; 78%). There was a significantly shorter cumulative hospital length of stay (LOSsum) within the first 60 days of MBO diagnosis in the MBO program group compared with the baseline group (13 v 22 days, respectively; adjusted P = .006). The median overall survival for women treated in the MBO program was also significantly longer compared with the baseline group (243 v 99 days, respectively; adjusted P = .002). Using the interprofessional MBO care platform, a greater proportion of patients received palliative chemotherapy (83% v 56%) and less surgery (11% v 21%) in the MBO program group than in the baseline group, respectively. A subgroup of women (n = 11) received total parenteral nutrition for longer than 6 months. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a comprehensive, interprofessional MBO program significantly affects patient care and may improve outcomes. Unique to this MBO program is an integrated outpatient model of care and education that empowers patients to recognize MBO symptoms for early intervention.

Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Advanced Gynecologic Cancers: An Updated Review from a Multidisciplinary Perspective.

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a major complication in women with advanced gynecologic cancers which imposes a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Symptoms of MBO are challenging to palliate and result in progressive decompensation of already vulnerable patients with limited therapeutic options and a short prognosis. However, there is a paucity of guidelines or innovative approaches to improve the care of women who develop MBO. MBO is a complex clinical situation that requires a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the appropriate treatment modality and interprofessional care to optimally manage these patients. This review summarizes the current literature on the different approaches targeting MBO management including surgical intervention, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, and pharmacological treatment. In addition, the impact of MBO management on patients' quality of life (QOL) is examined. This article focuses on the challenges in developing evidence-based treatment guidelines for MBO and barriers in clinical trial design for MBO and proposes strategies to advance the MBO management. Collaboration is essential to design studies that may improve the overall care and quality of life for these patients. Prospective data are needed to inform clinical practice, establish a new benchmark for evidence-based MBO management, and better understand the biology of MBO.

Empowering patients and caregivers with knowledge: The development of a nurse-led gynecologic oncology chemotherapy education class.

At a Canadian cancer centre, rising patient volumes made it difficult to provide quality chemotherapy education to patients and families in the clinical setting. The gynecology oncology site identified several barriers to the provision of timely and comprehensive teaching. These barriers included receiving education after learning of a cancer diagnosis, the efficacy of written information, time constraints nurses experienced, and absence of standardized side effect management. This prompted an interdisciplinary team to review current teaching practices and engage the Patient Education Program to collaboratively develop strategies to overcome these challenges. This paper describes the development of a nurse-led chemotherapy education class tailored to patients with gynecologic cancers and focused on common chemotherapy treatment protocols. The purpose of the class was to help patients and caregivers know what to expect during their chemotherapy routine, lower anxiety, and to equip them with knowledge and skills to manage side effects of treatment.