ABSTRACT
Using original surveys to investigate how online gender-based harassment marginalizes or empowers female college students, we found increased exposure to misogyny polarizes digital participation. Women aware of gender inequality in Korea encountering online hate speech were more inclined to engage in online movements, unlike women who did not recognize such inequality. This highlights distinct opportunities in relation to digital activism, showing online hate speech can sometimes be a catalyst for online political participation. This study expands current research on digital protest, highlighting the political ramifications of empowering women in the critical context of their unequal democratic rights outside the West.
ABSTRACT
Diploic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) or intraosseous dural AVFs are rare arteriovenous shunts. A diploic AVF is formed between a meningeal artery and an intraosseous diploic vein or the transosseous emissary vein, and the nidus is located exclusively within the bone. Currently, endovascular embolization with a transvenous approach is considered the treatment of choice for most dural AVFs. However, in the absence of an accessible venous channel, an alternate treatment approach should be considered. Herein, we report a case of a diploic AVF that was treated using embolization with transosseous direct cannulation.
ABSTRACT
Sonography with a high-frequency transducer is the modality of choice for imaging the scrotum. Most intratesticular lesions are hypoechoic. Differentiation of intratesticular hypoechoic lesions as either malignant or benign is important because the treatment of these lesions vary. In this paper, we review the sonographic features of different types of intratesticular hypoechoic lesions, such as testicular cysts, testicular tumors, testicular inflammatory lesions, segmental testicular infarction, and testicular trauma.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (CTTA) in predicting ultrasound (US) classification of incidentally detected thyroid nodule (ITN) on chest CT. METHODS: A total of 117 ITNs (≥1 cm in the longest diameter) on chest CT scan of 107 patients was divided into 4 categories according to the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) classification on recent thyroid US within 3 months. Computed tomography texture features were extracted with or without filtration using commercial software. The texture features were compared between the benign (K-TIRADS 2; n = 21) and the suspicious (K-TIRADS 3, 4, 5; n = 96) nodules. Multivariate regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine significant prediction factors of the suspicious nodules. RESULTS: The mean value of positive pixels was significantly higher in the suspicious nodules except the unfiltered image (P < 0.05). Entropy of the suspicious nodules was significantly higher with unfiltered and fine filters (P < 0.05), and kurtosis of the suspicious nodules was significantly higher with medium and coarse filters (P < 0.05). A logistic regression model incorporating mean value of positive pixels and kurtosis with a medium filter using volumetric analysis demonstrated the best performance to predict the suspicious nodules with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.842 (P < 0.001, sensitivity 82.3%, and specificity 81.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography texture analysis for ITN larger than 1 cm showed significant correlation with systematic thyroid US classification and presented excellent performance to predict the suspicious nodules.