"My Dead Body": Development, production, and reception of a documentary that publicly displays the dissection of a human donor.

Recently, there has been an emphasis on keeping the study of anatomy using donor material confined to the domain of medical and allied healthcare professionals. Given the abundance of both accurate and inaccurate information online, coupled with a heightened focus on health following the COVID-19 pandemic, one may question whether it is time to review who can access learning anatomy using donors. In 2019, Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) obtained a Human Tissue Authority Public Display license with the aim of broadening the reach of who could be taught using donor material. In 2020, BSMS received its first full-body donor with consent for public display. Twelve workshops were delivered to student groups who do not normally have the opportunity to learn in the anatomy laboratory. Survey responses (10.9% response rate) highlighted that despite being anxious about seeing inside a deceased body, 95% felt more informed about the body. A documentary "My Dead Body" was filmed, focusing on the rare cancer of the donor Toni Crews. Viewing figures of 1.5 million, and a considerable number of social media comments highlighted the public's interest in the documentary. Thematic analysis of digital and social media content highlighted admiration and gratitude for Toni, the value of education, and that while the documentary was uncomfortable to watch, it had value in reminding viewers of life, their bodies, and their purpose. Fully consented public display can create opportunities to promote health-conscious life choices and improve understanding of the human body.

Roars, groans and moans: Anatomical correlates of vocal diversity in polygynous deer.

Eurasian deer are characterized by the extraordinary diversity of their vocal repertoires. Male sexual calls range from roars with relatively low fundamental frequency (hereafter fo ) in red deer Cervus elaphus, to moans with extremely high fo in sika deer Cervus nippon, and almost infrasonic groans with exceptionally low fo in fallow deer Dama dama. Moreover, while both red and fallow males are capable of lowering their formant frequencies during their calls, sika males appear to lack this ability. Female contact calls are also characterized by relatively less pronounced, yet strong interspecific differences. The aim of this study is to examine the anatomical bases of these inter-specific and inter-sexual differences by identifying if the acoustic variation is reflected in corresponding anatomical variation. To do this, we investigated the vocal anatomy of male and female specimens of each of these three species. Across species and sexes, we find that the observed acoustic variability is indeed related to expected corresponding anatomical differences, based on the source-filter theory of vocal production. At the source level, low fo is associated with larger vocal folds, whereas high fo is associated with smaller vocal folds: sika deer have the smallest vocal folds and male fallow deer the largest. Red and sika deer vocal folds do not appear to be sexually dimorphic, while fallow deer exhibit strong sexual dimorphism (after correcting for body size differences). At the filter level, the variability in formants is related to the configuration of the vocal tract: in fallow and red deer, both sexes have evolved a permanently descended larynx (with a resting position of the larynx much lower in males than in females). Both sexes also have the potential for momentary, call-synchronous vocal tract elongation, again more pronounced in males than in females. In contrast, the resting position of the larynx is high in both sexes of sika deer and the potential for further active vocal tract elongation is virtually absent in both sexes. Anatomical evidence suggests an evolutionary reversal in larynx position within sika deer, that is, a secondary larynx ascent. Together, our observations confirm that the observed diversity of vocal behaviour in polygynous deer is supported by strong anatomical differences, highlighting the importance of anatomical specializations in shaping mammalian vocal repertoires. Sexual selection is discussed as a potential evolutionary driver of the observed vocal diversity and sexual dimorphisms.

Take away body parts! An investigation into the use of 3D-printed anatomical models in undergraduate anatomy education.

Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) nature of the human form is imperative for effective medical practice and the emergence of 3D printing creates numerous opportunities to enhance aspects of medical and healthcare training. A recently deceased, un-embalmed donor was scanned through high-resolution computed tomography. The scan data underwent segmentation and post-processing and a range of 3D-printed anatomical models were produced. A four-stage mixed-methods study was conducted to evaluate the educational value of the models in a medical program. (1) A quantitative pre/post-test to assess change in learner knowledge following 3D-printed model usage in a small group tutorial; (2) student focus group (3) a qualitative student questionnaire regarding personal student model usage (4) teaching faculty evaluation. The use of 3D-printed models in small-group anatomy teaching session resulted in a significant increase in knowledge (P = 0.0001) when compared to didactic 2D-image based teaching methods. Student focus groups yielded six key themes regarding the use of 3D-printed anatomical models: model properties, teaching integration, resource integration, assessment, clinical imaging, and pathology and anatomical variation. Questionnaires detailed how students used the models in the home environment and integrated them with anatomical learning resources such as textbooks and anatomy lectures. In conclusion, 3D-printed anatomical models can be successfully produced from the CT data set of a recently deceased donor. These models can be used in anatomy education as a teaching tool in their own right, as well as a method for augmenting the curriculum and complementing established learning modalities, such as dissection-based teaching. Anat Sci Educ 11: 44-53. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.

Aorto-gastroduodenal bypass grafting for an inferior pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm and celiac trunk thrombosis.

We present a case of a male patient diagnosed with a large inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) aneurysm, associated with a fresh thrombotic occlusion of the celiac trunk. Given the risk of splanchnic ischaemia, radiologic embolisation of the aneurysm combined with celiac axis stenting was deemed unsafe. Management was therefore modified to elective revascularisation of the celiac axis prior to surgical resection of the aneurysm. A retropancreatic aorto-gastroduodenal artery bypass graft was performed prior to exposing and resecting the pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm. This ensured near uninterrupted retrograde supply to the celiac axis during the procedure. This is an effective, efficient and expeditious patient pathway for these rare and complex aneurysms complicated by celiac trunk involvement.

Transjugular kidney biopsy.

BACKGROUND: Most previous studies demonstrating the feasibility of transjugular kidney biopsy have used a modified Colapinto aspiration biopsy needle. We present 25 high-risk patients, with contraindications to percutaneous renal biopsy, who underwent transjugular kidney biopsy using a transvenous side-cut needle. This technique is easier to learn and can be performed by an interventional radiologist with transjugular liver biopsy experience and equipment. The needle is designed for optimal cortical sampling but has a high incidence of capsular perforation. Elective coil embolization was used in selected patients to reduce the risk of bleeding. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the indications for obtaining renal histology, based on clinical presentation, and the specific indications for transjugular biopsy. Transjugular kidney biopsy was assessed for sampling effectiveness and adequacy, the impact of histology on patient management, and technique complication rates. RESULTS: Renal tissue was obtained in 23 cases, with diagnostic biopsies in 21 of 23 (91.3%). A mean of 3.5 cores were obtained with 9.9 glomeruli per procedure for light microscopy (range, 0 to 32), 2.2 (range, 1 to 7) for electron microscopy, and adequate tissue for immunoflorescence available in 11 of 23 biopsies. Histology influenced patient management in all 23 cases. Capsular perforation was recorded in 73.9% (17 of 23) of cases with 6 undergoing elective coil embolization. Two major complications occurred, both in patients with multiple risk factors for bleeding. One required coil embolization of an arterio-calyseal system fistula. A further patient developed renal vein thrombosis 6 days after a failed transjugular kidney biopsy. CONCLUSION: Transjugular kidney biopsy provides a histological diagnosis in high-risk patients, making an important contribution to patient management.