Characterization of NiCuOxNy Coatings Obtained via RF Sputtering: Structure, Morphology, and Optical Properties.

The rapid advancement of technology necessitates the continual development of versatile materials that can adapt to new electronic devices. Rare earth elements, which are scarce in nature, possess the set of properties required for use as semiconductors. Consequently, this research aims to achieve similar properties using materials that are abundant in nature and have a low commercial cost. To this end, nickel and copper were utilized to synthesize thin films of nickel-copper binary oxynitride via reactive RF sputtering. The influence of nitrogen flow on the structure, morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the films was investigated using various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as transmittance and absorbance measurements. The crystalline structure of the films shows that they can have preferential growth or be polycrystalline according to the nitrogen flow used during deposition and that both the oxides and oxynitrides of metals are formed. We identified unknown phases specific to this material, termed "NiCuOxNy". The morphology revealed that the grain size of the coatings was dependent on the nitrogen flow rate, with grain size decreasing as the nitrogen flow rate increased. Notably, the coatings demonstrated transparency for wavelengths exceeding 1000 nm, with an optical band gap ranging from 1.21 to 1.86 eV.

Plant-Based Fermented Beverages: Nutritional Composition, Sensory Properties, and Health Benefits.

Plant-based beverages have gained consumers' attention for being the main substitutes for dairy milk, especially for people with lactose intolerance, milk allergies, and a prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, there is a growing demand for a more sustainable diet and plant-based lifestyle due to concerns related to animal wellbeing, environmental impacts linked to dairy production, and the rising cost of animal-derived foods. However, there are some factors that restrict plant-based beverage consumption, including their nutritional quality and poor sensory profile. In this context, fermentation processes can contribute to the improvement of their sensory properties, nutritional composition, and functional/bioactive profile. In particular, the fermentation process can enhance flavor compounds (e.g., acetoin and acetic acid) while decreasing off-flavor components (e.g., hexanal and hexanol) in the substrate. Furthermore, it enhances the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients, leading to increased levels of vitamins (e.g., ascorbic acid and B complex), amino acids (e.g., methionine and tryptophan), and proteins, while simultaneously decreasing the presence of anti-nutritional factors (e.g., phytic acid and saponins). In contrast, plant-based fermented beverages have been demonstrated to possess diverse bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and peptides) with different biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive). Therefore, this article provides an overview of plant-based fermented beverages including their production, technological aspects, and health benefits.

l-Threonine production from whey and fish hydrolysate by E. coli ATCC® 21277TM.

In this work production of l-threonine by Escherichia coli ATCC® 21277™ has been studied using a mixture of alternative low-cost substrates, which are recognized to be a major pollution problem. Whey was used as the primary carbon source, whereas Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysates constituted the nitrogen source. A Box-Behnken Design was used for optimizing l-threonine and biomass production, using temperature and glucose, whey, and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysate contents as factors. Results indicate that biomass production is affected by the concentration of hydrolysate and temperature. On the other hand, l-threonine production is affected by concentration of whey, hydrolysate, and temperature. In this context, it was possible to maximize l-threonine production, but with a detriment on biomass production. The optimal conditions for biomass and l-threonine maximization (after 24 h) were identified and validated experimentally, resulting in biomass and l-threonine production of 0.767 g/L and 0.406 g/L, respectively. This work has shown the technical feasibility of using whey and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysates for the production of l-threonine by E. coli ATCC® 21277TM. Finally, the complications associated to the use of these low-cost complex substrates for the production of l-threonine by E. coli, suggest that more in detail studies (i.e. at the metabolic level) are required in order to propose strategies to increase the process productivity, before its scale up. This is a first step in our long-term goal of developing a production process for i) dealing with the pollution problems caused by those wastes, and ii) strengthen the milk and fish industries which are important poles of the Colombian economy.

System metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli W for the production of 2-ketoisovalerate using unconventional feedstock.

Replacing traditional substrates in industrial bioprocesses to advance the sustainable production of chemicals is an urgent need in the context of the circular economy. However, since the limited degradability of non-conventional carbon sources often returns lower yields, effective exploitation of such substrates requires a multi-layer optimization which includes not only the provision of a suitable feedstock but the use of highly robust and metabolically versatile microbial biocatalysts. We tackled this challenge by means of systems metabolic engineering and validated Escherichia coli W as a promising cell factory for the production of the key building block chemical 2-ketoisovalerate (2-KIV) using whey as carbon source, a widely available and low-cost agro-industrial waste. First, we assessed the growth performance of Escherichia coli W on mono and disaccharides and demonstrated that using whey as carbon source enhances it significantly. Second, we searched the available literature and used metabolic modeling approaches to scrutinize the metabolic space of E. coli and explore its potential for overproduction of 2-KIV identifying as basic strategies the block of pyruvate depletion and the modulation of NAD/NADP ratio. We then used our model predictions to construct a suitable microbial chassis capable of overproducing 2-KIV with minimal genetic perturbations, i.e., deleting the pyruvate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. Finally, we used modular cloning to construct a synthetic 2-KIV pathway that was not sensitive to negative feedback, which effectively resulted in a rerouting of pyruvate towards 2-KIV. The resulting strain shows titers of up to 3.22 ± 0.07 g/L of 2-KIV and 1.40 ± 0.04 g/L of L-valine in 24 h using whey in batch cultures. Additionally, we obtained yields of up to 0.81 g 2-KIV/g substrate. The optimal microbial chassis we present here has minimal genetic modifications and is free of nutritional autotrophies to deliver high 2-KIV production rates using whey as a non-conventional substrate.

Optimization of automated preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using supplementary instrumentation.

This study compared the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems, both supplemented or not with manual instrumentation. Twenty-four long oval-shaped canals of mandibular incisors were distributed into two groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold Primary or XP-endo Shaper systems. All root canals were manually instrumented with a size 25 K-file after automated preparation. The specimens were scanned by using a micro-CT device (17.42 µm) before and after automated preparation and manual instrumentation. The increased surface of the root canal and the percentage of untouched areas were assessed. Both WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems increased the root canal surface and had similar untouched areas (p>0.05). Supplementary instrumentation increased the surface of the root canal and decreased the untouched walls (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems provided a similar preparation of long oval-shaped canals and manual instrumentation improved their preparation.

Optimization of automated preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using supplementary instrumentation

Abstract This study compared the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems, both supplemented or not with manual instrumentation. Twenty-four long oval-shaped canals of mandibular incisors were distributed into two groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold Primary or XP-endo Shaper systems. All root canals were manually instrumented with a size 25 K-file after automated preparation. The specimens were scanned by using a micro-CT device (17.42 µm) before and after automated preparation and manual instrumentation. The increased surface of the root canal and the percentage of untouched areas were assessed. Both WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems increased the root canal surface and had similar untouched areas (p>0.05). Supplementary instrumentation increased the surface of the root canal and decreased the untouched walls (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems provided a similar preparation of long oval-shaped canals and manual instrumentation improved their preparation.

Resumo Este estudo comparou o preparo de canais radiculares ovais longos usando os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper, ambos complementados ou não com instrumentação manual. Vinte e quatro canais longos e ovais de incisivos inferiores foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a instrumentação: sistemas WaveOne Gold Primary ou XP-endo Shaper. Todos os canais foram instrumentados manualmente com uma lima K tamanho 25 após preparo automatizado. Os espécimes foram escaneados usando um dispositivo de micro-CT (17,42 µm) antes e após o preparo automatizado e instrumentação manual. O aumento de superfície do canal radicular e a porcentagem de áreas intocadas foram avaliadas. Ambos os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper aumentaram a superfície do canal radicular e apresentaram áreas intocadas semelhantes (p>0,05). A instrumentação complementar aumentou a superfície do canal radicular e diminuiu o percentual de áreas intocadas (p <0,05). Os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper tiveram o preparo de canais ovais longos semelhantes, e a instrumentação manual melhorou o preparo.

Release of Bioactive Peptides from Erythrina edulis (Chachafruto) Proteins under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.

The estimated and concerning rise in world population over the next few years and the consequent increase in food demand will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid or reduce this world crisis, informed and empowered consumers are turning to sustainable and nutrient-rich foods that substitute animal products, also reducing their associated environmental impact. Moreover, due to the demonstrated influence of diet on the risk of high incidence and mortality of noncommunicable diseases, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among these new foods, traditional and underutilized plants are gaining interest as alternative protein sources providing nutritional and biological properties. In this work, the potential of Erythrina edulis (chachafruto) proteins as a source of multifunctional peptides after transit through the gastrointestinal tract has been demonstrated, with antioxidant and immunostimulating effects in both biochemical assays and cell culture. While low molecular weight peptides released during the digestive process were found to be responsible for protection against oxidative stress mediated by their radical scavenging activity, high molecular weight peptides exerted immunostimulating effects by upregulation of immunoresponse-associated biomarkers. The findings of this study support the promising role of chachafruto proteins as a new antioxidant and immunostimulatory ingredient for functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Drying kinetics and sensory characteristics of dehydrated pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) obtained by refractance window drying.

The current importance of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in national food security has progressively encouraged research on this fruit. This is how pumpkin seeds constitute a potential raw material to obtain dehydrated products for direct consumption. In this research, we compared the drying kinetics, effective diffusivity (D ef ) and sensory perception in a non-trained panel of dehydrated pumpkin seeds through refractance window drying (RW) and convective air drying (CA). RW drying was carried out in a laboratory-scale hydro-dryer and CA drying was carried out in a dryer with hot air circulation; both at 80 ± 2 °C. Sensory acceptability (appearance, aroma, taste and texture) was evaluated by an affective test on a hedonic scale from 1 to 5 with 60 panelists. The drying curves (MR vs t) were fitted to four kinetic models: Newton, Logarithmic, Page and Midilli et al. D ef was determined by the second Fick's Law solution. The best model for RW drying was logarithmic, and D ef was 6.60 × 10-10 m2/s (R2 = 0.9927); while for CA, it was Midilli et al., with the D ef found through this method being 9.60 × 10-10 m2/s (R2 = 0.9928). Dry seeds by RW obtained a general acceptance of 3.82, compared to 3.63 by CA. Results allow us to conclude that among the drying methods evaluated, there is not statistically significant differences, in terms of dehydration characteristics and sensory acceptability, constituting RW drying as an alternative method for obtaining dehydrate pumpkins seeds for direct consumption.

Evaluation of the environmental impact of dry chemical silage obtained from the viscera of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) using ecological footprint methodology.

Fish production worldwide has increased over the years due to increased populations and interest from consumers. This has led to an increase in the waste produced by this industry, with viscera being particularly notable as one of the main sources of negative environmental impact. This study will determine the environmental impact created when obtaining dry chemical silage from the viscera of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), using ecological footprint methodology as an indicator of sustainability. This process allows approximately 30% of CO2 emissions to be mitigated compared to those generated when fresh viscera are dumped into shallow landfills, while implementing actions that improve the process such as biogas production from waste and solar drying of the final product can mitigate approximately 86% of its environmental impact, when compared to the disposal of fresh viscera. It was concluded that the production of dry chemical silage using alternative drying energy is environmentally sustainable.

Kinetic analysis and modeling of L-valine production in fermentation batch from E. coli using glucose, lactose and whey as carbon sources.

In this study the effect of the carbon source on L-valine production kinetics using genetically modified E. coli was researched. Glucose, lactose, Whey (W) and deproteinized whey (DW) were tested as carbon sources, keeping the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio constant. Biomass generation and substrate consumption were modeled with Contois and Mass Conservation models, respectively, whereas Mass Conservation Balance and Luedeking-Piret models were used for product obtaining. Results showed that L-valine production is partially associated to growth, with values of 0.485 g L-valine/(g dry cell weight.h), and a product loss effect at a specific rate (ß) of 0.019 g L-valine/(g dry cell weight.h) with W. The yield of this product increased 36 % using W concerning glucose or lactose as carbon sources. On the other hand, Mass Balance and Luedeking-Piret models adjust properly to experimental data (R2 >0.90). In conclusion whey is a promising substrate for obtaining L-valine using genetically-modified E. coli.

Sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of the dry silage of red tilapia viscera (Oreochromis spp.) obtained in a direct solar dryer.

The sorption isotherms, thermodynamic properties and calculation for confirming the isokinetic theory of dry chemical silage of red tilapia viscera (Oreochromis spp.) obtained in a direct passive solar dryer were determined. Sorption isotherms were carried out at 15, 25, 35 and 45 °C using a static gravimetric method. The curves obtained were adjusted to eight equations. The isosteric heat of sorption (net and total) and the thermodynamic parameters were determined based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to adsorption isotherms. The sorption isotherms obtained were of type III of Brunauer classification. The Peleg model best described the experimental data. In all cases, the isosteric heat decreased while the moisture content increased. The value of isokinetic temperature (TB) was found to be less than harmonic mean temperature (Thm), the sorption of water in dry chemical silage is therefore controlled by entropic mechanisms and proceeds spontaneously.

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of red tilapia scales (Oreochromis sp.) to obtain bioactive peptides.

The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis (type of enzyme, pH, temperature (T), substrate (S) and enzyme concentration (E)) to increase content of soluble peptides (P), antioxidant activities and degree of hydrolysis DH (%), in hydrolysates. Also, the effect of scaling up from a 0.5 L to a 7.5 L reactor, was evaluated. Hydrolysis was carried out for 3 h in a 500 mL reactor, with Alcalase® 2.4 L and Flavourzyme® 500 L enzymes. A second experimental design was then developed with S and E as factors, where DH, P and antioxidant activity, were response variables. The Alcalase® 2.4 L was the most productive enzyme, with optimal S and E of 45 g/L and 4.4 g/L, respectively. Its hydrolysates showed antioxidant activities with IC50 of 0.76 g/L, 12 g/L and 8 g/L for ABTS, FRAP and ICA, respectively. The scale up didn't showed negative effect on the hydrolysis.

Kinetic modeling of the alkaline deproteinization of Nile-tilapia skin for the production of collagen.

A new phenomenological model, based on a second order dissolution kinetics, was developed for the alkaline removal of non-collagenous protein (NCP) from the skin of Nile tilapia (SNT). This model allows estimating the liquid concentration of NCP in terms of temperature, skin size, NaOH concentration and time. This model was fitted with 135 experiments averaging a R2 of 0.99. The root-mean-square deviation and the mean-absolute-percentage error of the model were 0.0041 and 3.15%, respectively. The Arrhenius-activation energy was 15-122 kJ mol-1. Multi-objective optimization led to the highest NCP extraction (NCPE) of 24.3% and to the lowest loss of collagen (LC) of 1.3%, with R2 coefficients of 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Ultimately, SNT deproteinized under optimal conditions was subjected to acid extraction and purification. FTIR and SEM analyses indicated that the product was a Type I collagen that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars.

Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation. Objective This study analysed the application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis of mature root canals. Material and methods Upper first molars of twelve 13-week old Wistar male rats were used. The root pulp of the mesiobuccal canal was removed and the root canal instrumented with K-files up to size #25. Periapical bleeding was induced into the root canal by introducing a #15 K-file beyond the apex. The teeth on the right side of the arch were filled up with blood clot (G1), whereas those on the left side were filled up with blood clot plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF (G2). Teeth were sealed with light-curing glass-ionomer cement and the animals were sacrificed after 60 days. The maxilla was dissected and fixed before obtaining serial sections for histological processing with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical factor-VIII. Immunohistochemical labelling was evaluated using scores for statistical analysis. Results Immunohistological analysis demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis in both groups, but with higher angiogenic maturation in G2 during the experimental period (p<0.05). HE staining showed connective tissue with absence of odontoblasts in all specimens. Conclusions It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain angiogenesis in mature root canals with or without the use of VEGF, although the latter tends to accelerate blood vessel formation.

Byproducts of aquaculture processes: development and prospective uses. Review / Subproductos de los procesos de acuicultura: desarrollo y usos prospectivos. Revisión

Background: Growing aquaculture production around the world generates an important environmental impact because of its waste volume, which reaches nearly 60%. These byproducts have important levels of protein and lipids that can be revaluated to obtain products that are of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries such as bioactive peptides and functional properties. Recently, technologies have been applied to the isolation and purification of bioactive peptides according to their molecular weight, such as membrane separation techniques and chromatography. Currently, there are commercial products from fish protein hydrolysates that can be used in nutritional and pharmaceutical applications as a source of amino acids with different physiological functions. Objective: Give information on aquaculture byproducts, hydrolysis methods, methods of purification, bioactive peptides and functional properties and nutritional supplements. Methods: Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus were reviewed using the keywords aquaculture products, protein hydrolysis, bioactive peptides, functional properties. For the selection of the articles, the year of publication, the language, the methodology used and the trajectory of the authors were taken into account. Conclusions: This review is a brief description of the use of aquaculture byproducts using different types of hydrolysis process and their multiple applications on several industries.

Antecedentes: El crecimiento de la producción acuícola en el mundo genera un importante impacto ambiental debido a su volumen de residuos, que alcanza casi el 60%. Estos subproductos tienen niveles importantes de proteínas y lípidos que pueden revaluarse para obtener productos que son de interés para las industrias farmacéutica y alimentaria, como péptidos bioactivos y propiedades funcionales. Recientemente, se han aplicado tecnologías para el aislamiento y la purificación de péptidos bioactivos de acuerdo con su peso molecular, así como técnicas de separación de membrana y cromatografía. Actualmente, hay productos comerciales de hidrolizados de proteína de pescado que pueden usarse en aplicaciones nutricionales y farmacéuticas como fuente de aminoácidos con diferentes funciones fisiológicas. Objetivo: Proporcionar información sobre subproductos de la acuicultura, métodos de hidrólisis, métodos de purificación, péptidos bioactivos, propiedades funcionales y suplementos nutricionales. Métodos: Se revisaron bases de datos como Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library y Scopus usando palabras clave como productos de acuicultura, hidrólisis de proteínas, péptidos bioactivos, propiedades funcionales. Para la selección de los artículos se tuvo en cuenta el año de publicación, el idioma, la metodología empleada y la trayectoria de sus autores. Conclusiones: Esta revisión es una breve descripción del uso de subproductos acuícolas usando diferentes tipos de procesos de hidrólisis y sus múltiples aplicaciones en varias industrias.

Kinetic modeling of the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins of visceras from red tilapia (Oreochromis sp): effect if substrate and enzyme concentration / Modelado de la cinética de la hidrolisis enzimática de proteínas de vísceras de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp): efecto de la concentración de enzima y de sustrato

Background: the growth of world aquaculture has generated important environmental impacts as discard residues that are important sources of protein, which has been used to manufacture low-value products, such as animal food, fish flour and fertilizers. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of enzyme and substrate concentration on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of proteins in the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera (RTV). Methods: the commercial alcalase 2.4 L enzyme was used at different concentrations to hydrolyse the proteins in RTV at 53.5°C and a pH of 9.5 in a 1 L magnetically stirred, jacketed, glass batch reactor connected to an automatic titrator. Each experiment was conducted over 6 h in which every consumed volume of base was recorded every 5 min to determine the corresponding DH at each point. Results: the results indicated that increasing the enzyme concentration produced an increase in the DH and in the reaction rate, while increasing the substrate concentration produced a decrease in both parameters. For this reason, a mathematical model was adjusted for the inhibition of substrate from the exponential kinetic equation d(DH)/dt = a* EXP[-b* (DH)] to explain the behavior of the DH as a function of substrate concentration in this hydrolytic process. The parameters a and b were estimated from a nonlinear regression. Based on these results, the reaction constants were determined as Ks = 456.75 g L-1, K2 = 1.2191 min-1, Kd = 0.2224 min-1, KM = 1.8963 and K3 = 0.1173 L g-1 min-1, which allowed the generation of a good correlation between the predicted and experimental values at the different evaluated operating conditions. This correlation was supported by a low average relative error (ARE) of 3.26%. Conclusion: under evaluated experimental conditions, the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction followed a substrate inhibition mechanism without product inhibition, which was adjusted through a typical exponential Equation that involves two parameters (a and b) associated with the kinetic constants (Ks, K2, and Kd).

Antecedentes: el crecimiento de la acuicultura en el mundo ha provocado importantes impactos ambientales como el descarte de residuos que son importantes fuentes de proteína, los cuales han sido usados para manufacturar productos de bajo valor tales como: alimento para animales, harina de pescado y fertilizantes. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la concentración de enzima y de sustrato sobre el grado de hidrolisis (GH) de las proteínas presentes en las vísceras de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.) (VTR). Métodos: se empleó la enzima commercial alcalasa 2.4 L a diferentes concentraciones para hidrolizar las proteínas presentes en la VTR a 53°C y a un pH de 9.5 en un reactor de vidrio de 1 L con chaqueta, magnéticamente agitado y conectado a un titulador automático. Cada experimento se llevó cabo por 6 h registrando cada 5 min el volumen de base cosumido para determinar el grado de hidrolisis correspondiente a cada punto. Resultados: los resultados indicaron que un incremento en la concentración de enzima producía un incremento en el GH y en la velocidad de reacción, mientras que un aumento en la concentración de sustrato provocaba una disminución en ambos parámetros. Por esta razón, se ajustó un modelo matemático para la inhibición de sustrato a partir de la ecuación de cinética exponencial d(GH)/dt = a*EXP[-b*(GH)] para explicar el comportamiento del GH como una función de la concentración de sustrato en este proceso hidrolítico. Los parámetros a y b fueron evaluados mediante una regresión no lineal. Con base en estos resultados, las constantes de reacción fueron determinadas como Ks = 456.75 g L-1, K2 = 1.2191 min-1, Kd = 0.2224 min-1, KM = 1.8963 and K3 = 0.1173 L g-1 min-1, los cuales permitieron obtener una buena correlación entre los valores experimentales y los predichos a las diferentes condiciones de operación. Esta correlación fue soportada por un bajo error medio relativo del 3.26%. Conclusión: bajo las condiciones experimentales evaluadas, la cinética de la reacción de hidrólisis siguió un mecanismo de inhibición por sustrato sin inhibición por producto, el cual fue ajustado mediante una ecuación típica exponencial que involucra dos parámetros (a and b) asociados a las constantes cinéticas Ks, K2, and Kd.

Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars

Abstract Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation. Objective This study analysed the application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis of mature root canals. Material and methods Upper first molars of twelve 13-week old Wistar male rats were used. The root pulp of the mesiobuccal canal was removed and the root canal instrumented with K-files up to size #25. Periapical bleeding was induced into the root canal by introducing a #15 K-file beyond the apex. The teeth on the right side of the arch were filled up with blood clot (G1), whereas those on the left side were filled up with blood clot plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF (G2). Teeth were sealed with light-curing glass-ionomer cement and the animals were sacrificed after 60 days. The maxilla was dissected and fixed before obtaining serial sections for histological processing with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical factor-VIII. Immunohistochemical labelling was evaluated using scores for statistical analysis. Results Immunohistological analysis demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis in both groups, but with higher angiogenic maturation in G2 during the experimental period (p<0.05). HE staining showed connective tissue with absence of odontoblasts in all specimens. Conclusions It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain angiogenesis in mature root canals with or without the use of VEGF, although the latter tends to accelerate blood vessel formation.

Técnica de Boyne: una alterantiva en el tratamiento abierto de fracturas de cóndilo mandibular: a propósito de un caso clínico / Boyne´s technique: an alternative in the open treatment of mandibular condyle fractures: report of a clinical case

Las fracturas mandibulares son las fracturas más comunes de los huesos faciales; las de cóndilo mandibular ocupan un lugar importante entreellas. Dentro de sus factores etiológicos destacan los accidentes detránsito, agresión por terceras personas, accidentes deportivos y laborales. Existe gran controversia en el manejo de dicha entidad en cuantoa la elección de un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico; hay varios factores considerados como razones para llevar a cabo el tratamiento quirúrgico, como la pérdida de altura facial posterior, la posición delcóndilo fracturado o la posibilidad de que el paciente adquiera el material de osteosíntesis. En este artículo presentamos una alternativa en el manejo quirúrgico de fracturas condilares mediante técnica de Boyne, así como una breve descripción de la técnica quirúrgica que empleamos en el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Centro Médico Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos, la cual nos ha proporcionado adecuados resultados estéticos y funcionales.

Mandibular fractures are the most common fractures of the facial bones, with mandibular condylar fractures occupying an important place among them. Some of their etiological factors are traffic accidents, aggressions by third persons, sports, and work accidents.There is great controversy in the management of this entity, regardingthe selection of a conservative or surgical treatment; several factorsare considered reasons to carry out the surgical treatment, such as the loss of posterior facial height, the position of the fractured condylar, aswell as the possibility of having the patient purchase the osteosynthesis material. In this article, we present an alternative in the surgical management of condylar fractures using Boyne’s technique, as wellas a brief description of the surgical technique we used in the Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Medical Center «Licenciado Adolfo Lopez Mateos¼, which has provided us with Suitable aestheticand functional results.

Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo recidivante en región frontal: revisión de la literatura y reporte de caso clínico / Recurrent cutaneous epidermoid carcinoma in the frontal region: review of the literature and report of a case

El carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo, es una neoplasia maligna la cual se origina a partir de los queratinocitos de la piel o mucosa, siendo considerado el segundo cáncer con más frecuencia en cabeza y cuello después del carcinoma basocelular. Su etiología es multifactorial, siendo el factor predisponente la exposición solar prolongada (radiación ultravioleta), la cual afecta directamente el ADN celular. Asimismo se ha asociado la infección por virus del papiloma humano, influyendo en el estado inmune del paciente. Es de suma importancia conocer factores de pronóstico como son: tamaño tumoral, profundidad, tipo histológico, invasión perineural, zonas de riesgo y zonas de drenaje, los cuales incrementaránel riesgo de recidiva y metástasis a distancia, impactando de manera importante en el pronóstico del paciente. El tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide puede ser multimodal, desde cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia. En este artículo presentamos nuestra experienciaen el tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo de pacientefemenino de 64 años de edad, la cual es referida a nuestra consulta porla presencia de una lesión ulcerada en región frontal. Apegándonos a protocolos establecidos en la literatura internacional y nacional, se realiza resección quirúrgica más rotación de colgajos cutáneos para la reconstrucción del defecto residual, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios tanto funcionales como estéticos, los cuales impactan de forma directa en la calidad y pronóstico de vida de la paciente.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor which originates from keratinocytes of the skin or mucosa, being consideredthe second most common cancer in the head and neck after basal cellcarcinoma. Its etiology is multifactorial, being the predisposing factorprolonged sun exposure (ultraviolet radiation), which directly affects thecell’s DNA, so it has been associated infection human papilloma virus,influencing the immune status of the patient. It is extremely important toknow prognostic factors such as: tumor size, depth, histological type,perineural invasion, risk areas and drainage areas, which will increasethe risk of recurrence and distant metastases, impacting significantlyon the forecast patient. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma may bemultimodal, from surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We presentour experience in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma skin of afemale 64 years old, which is referred to our clinic by the presenceof an ulcerated lesion in the frontal region, by adhering to protocolsestablished in international and national literature. Surgical resectionis performed more rotation skin flaps for reconstruction of the residualdefect, obtaining both functional and aesthetic satisfactory results,which directly impact the quality of life and prognosis of the patient.