Combined anatomical reduction plate for quadrilateral acetabular fractures via a posterior approach: an anatomical-morphological study.

OBJECTIVE: To digitally measure the fixation trajectory of anatomical plates used in the combined reduction of quadrilateral acetabular fractures via the posterior approach, and to develop anatomical plates that align with the characteristics of the pelvis in the Chinese population. METHODS: Pelvic computed tomography (CT) data from 102 adult patients were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. This group included 51 males and 51 females, aged between 20 and 60 years. Using Mimics software (version 21.0), a three-dimensional model of each pelvic data point was reconstructed. The fixation path for the combined reset anatomical steel plate was drawn, where the curves on the fixation path were approximated as arcs. The radius of curvature and length of these curves were measured, and an anatomical steel plate was designed to best fit the pelvic structure. RESULTS: The combined anatomical reduction plate fixation system for quadrilateral acetabular fractures using a posterior approach consisted of two parts: a locking plate and a reduction plate. The posterior wall region (r2), ischial region (r3), quadrilateral region (r4), and bending region (r5), and the total length of the reduction plate were significantly smaller in females (P < 0.05). Similarly, the posterior wall region (R3), distal posterior wall region (R4), and the total length of the locking plate were significantly smaller in females (P < 0.05). Additionally, the anterior superior iliac spine side (r1) and the total length of the T-shaped auxiliary plate were significantly smaller in females (P < 0.05). The bending angle (< A) was also significantly smaller in females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pelvic surface structure is irregular and varies greatly among individuals.Compared to the traditional steel plate, The combined reduction anatomical plate designed in this study demonstrated high precision and improved conformity to the anatomical structure of the pelvis.

The mechanism of Cry41-related toxin against Myzus persicae based on its interaction with Buchnera-derived ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase.

BACKGROUND: Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most notorious pests of many crops worldwide. Most Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis show very low toxicity to M. persicae; however, a study showed that Cry41-related toxin had moderate toxic activity against M. persicae. In our previous work, potential Cry41-related toxin-binding proteins in M. persicae were identified, including cathepsin B, calcium-transporting ATPase, and Buchnera-derived ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PFKA). Buchnera is an endosymbiont present in almost all aphids and it provides necessary nutrients for aphid growth. This study investigated the role of Buchnera-derived PFKA in Cry41-related toxicity against M. persicae. RESULTS: In this study, recombinant PFKA was expressed and purified, and in vitro assays revealed that PFKA bound to Cry41-related toxin, and Cry41-related toxin at 25 µg ml-1 significantly inhibited the activity of PFKA. In addition, when M. persicae was treated with 30 µg ml-1 of Cry41-related toxin for 24 h, the expression of dnak, a single-copy gene in Buchnera, was significantly decreased, indicating a decrease in the number of Buchnera. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Cry41-related toxin interacts with Buchnera-derived PFKA to inhibit its enzymatic activity and likely impair cell viability, resulting in a decrease in the number of Buchnera, and finally leading to M. persicae death. These findings open up new perspectives in our understanding of the mode of action of Cry toxins and are useful in helping improve Cry toxicity for aphid control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Formation characteristics of long-term memory in Bactrocera dorsalis.

Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory, which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals. Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects, more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation, especially long-term memory (LTM), which is important for reliably storing information. Here, we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis, an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities. Using the classical conditioning paradigm of the olfactory proboscis extension reflex (PER), we found that paired conditioning with multiple trials (>3) spaced with an intertrial interval (≥10 min) resulted in stable memory that lasted for at least 3 d. Furthermore, even a single conditioning trial was sufficient for the formation of a 2-d memory. With the injection of protein inhibitors, protein-synthesis-dependent memory was confirmed to start 4 h after training, and its dependence on translation and transcription differed. Moreover, the results revealed that the dependence of memory on protein translation exhibited a time-window effect (4-6 h). Our findings provide an integrated view of LTM in insects, suggesting common mechanisms in LTM formation that play a key role in the biological basis of memory.

Research updates of osteoimmunomodulation in osteogenesis / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

The gold-standard for bone substitution of large bone defects continues to be autogenous bone graft. Artificial bone substitutes are difficult to replace the autogenous bone grafting due to excessive immune response, fast biodegradation characteristics and inappropriate biocompatibility. Given these drawbacks, osteoimmunology and its advanced functional biomaterials have gained growing attention in recent years. Immune system plays an essential role during bone healing via regulating the shift from inflammatory to anti-inflammation phenotype, and inflammatory cytokines response. The inflammatory reaction mainly include infiltration of immune cells (such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, etc) and release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) at the bone defects, which subsequently affect the step-wised process of bone healing rejuvenation. Hence, advanced bone biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties is of great significance for the treatment of patients with recalcitrant bone defects, especially for delayed healing or non-union. The reciprocal mechanism of immuno-modulated bone healing, however, is not fully understood and more research is required in the future.

Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Modified ReliefF.

As the key of human-computer natural interaction, the research of emotion recognition is of great significance to the development of computer intelligence. In view of the issue that the current emotional feature dimension is too high, which affects the classification performance, this paper proposes a modified ReliefF feature selection algorithm to screen out feature subsets with smaller dimensions and better performance from high-dimensional features to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of emotion recognition. In the modified algorithm, the selection range of random samples is adjusted; the correlation between features is measured by the maximum information coefficient, and the distance measurement method between samples is established based on the correlation. The experimental results on the eNTERFACE'05 and SAVEE speech emotional datasets show that the features filtered based on the modified algorithm significantly reduce the data dimensions and effectively improve the accuracy of emotion recognition.

Agent-assisted electrokinetic treatment of sewage sludge: Heavy metal removal effectiveness and nutrient content characteristics.

Sewage sludge (SS) is rich in nutrient elements such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K), and therefore a candidate material for use in agriculture. But high content of heavy metals (HMs) can be a major obstacle to its further utilization. Therefore, an appropriate HM removal technology is required before its land application. In this study, an innovative biodegradable agent (citric acid, FeCl3, ammonium hydroxide, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), and tea saponin) assisted electrokinetic treatment (EK) was performed to investigate the HM removal efficiency (RHMs) and nutrient transportation. Citric acid, IDS, and FeCl3-assisted EK showed a preferable average RHMs (Rave) reduction of 52.74-59.23%, with low energy consumption. After treatment, the content of Hg (0.51 mg kg-1), Ni (13.23 mg kg-1), and Pb (26.45 mg kg-1) elements met the criteria of national risk control standard, in all cases. Following the treatment, most HMs in SS had a reduced potential to be absorbed by plants or be leached into water systems. Risk assessment indicated that the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) value of HMs has decreased by 0.28-2.40, and the risk of Pb (Igeo=-0.74) reduced to unpolluted potential. Meanwhile, no excessive nutrient loss in SS occurred as a result of the treatment, on the contrary, there was a slight increase in P content (18.17 mg g-1). These results indicate that agent-assisted EK treatment could be an environmentally-friendly method for RHMs and nutrient element recovery from SS, opening new opportunities for sustainable SS recycling and its inclusion into circular economy concepts.

Application of Essential Anatomy software in the clinical practice teaching of spinal surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In this paper, the current situation and existing problems of spinal surgery practice are analyzed and summarized. Combined with the review of the structure and function of spinal region, we have expounded the application and advantages of Essential Anatomy software in the clinical practice teaching of spinal surgery. This software has a friendly interface, simple operation, real content, intuitive and visual model, and it can provide videos and slice function, which makes the original complex and abstract spinal anatomy practice content become novel and vivid, and greatly deepens doctors' understanding of the structure, function, movement and the disease pathogenesis of spinal region. At the same time, it also greatly mobilizes the learning interest and initiative of the clinical practice doctors, and improves the effect of clinical practice.

The total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch improve cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Coptis chinensis Franch is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes and dementia. Alkaloids are the main active ingredients of C. chinensis. PURPOSE: This study was designed to probe the effects and possible mechanisms of the total alkaloids from C. chinensis (TAC) on cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Cognitive deficits were induced in rats by streptozotocin and high glucose/high fat diet. After treatment with TAC (80, 120, and 180 mg/kg) for 24 weeks, the behavioral parameters of each rat were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, pathological changes of brain tissue, and the phosphorylation levels of insulin signaling related proteins were also evaluated. RESULTS: The type 2 diabetic rats showed significantly elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein, as well as apolipoprotein B, free fatty acid, triglyceride and total cholesterol but decreased the content of apolipoprotein A1, and TAC treatment dose-dependently reversed these abnormal changes. Furthermore, the behavioral results showed that TAC alleviated the cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, immunohistochemical and histopathologic examinations indicated that the diabetic rats showed significant Aß deposition, and neuronal damage and loss, which can be reversed by TAC treatment. The western blot results showed that TAC treatment markedly increased the phosphorylation of IRS, PI3K, and Akt, and inhibited the overactivation of GSK3ß in the brain of type 2 diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: These findings conclude that TAC prevents diabetic cognitive deficits, most likely by ameliorating the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating Aß deposition, and enhancing insulin signaling.

Comparison of pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach and traditional open approach for treatment of thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of posterior pedicle screw fixation through Wiltse paraspinal approach and posterior traditional open approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation.Methods A retrospective case control study was performed based on the clinical data of 40 patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation admitted between January 2013 and January 2016.All the surgeries were performed through posterior midline incision,and they were divided into two groups according to different approaches.Patients in Group A received pedicle screw fixation through Wiltse paraspinal approach while Group B received fixed pedicle screw through open surgery.Group A was composed of 12 males and 8 females,aged 21-60 years [(41.5 ±9.6)years].Group B was composed of 13 males and 7 females,aged 18-58 years [(39.1 ± 13.1) years].The same surgical procedures were adopted in spinal decompression,reduction,and the spinal vertebral interbody bone graft and fusion surgery in the two groups.Operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume,visual analogue scale (VAS),spinal canal patency at the last follow-up,percentage of postoperative injury of vertebral height recovery,and Cobb angle were compared.CT and MRI were used to evaluate postoperative paravertebral muscle atrophy,and American spinal injury association (ASIA) impairment scale was used to evaluate neurological function assessment.Results All patients were followed up for 9-33 months,with (19.3 ± 5.6) months for Group A and (22.5 ± 4.9) months for Group B (P ＞ 0.05).The operation duration was (240.5 ± 38.3) min in Group A and (258.5 ± 43.7) min in Group B (P ＞ 0.05).The intraoperative blood loss was (525.0 ± 168.2) ml in Group A,less than (770.0 ± 269.2) ml in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative drainage volume was (190.1 ± 78.9) ml in Group A,less than (281.7 ± 122.3) ml in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).VAS score 24 hours after operation and at the last follow-up in Group A was (6.4 ± 1.0) points and (1.6 ± 0.5) points,respectively,better than those in Group B [(7.8 ± 0.7) points and (2.2 ± 0.4) points] (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences were observed in terms of spinal canal patency at the last follow-up,percentage of postoperative injury of vertebral height recovery,and Cobb angle [Group A:(85.3 ± 3.7) ％,(85.5 ± 2.7) ％,and (4.7 ± 1.2)°;GroupB:(85.8±1.8)％,(88.8 ±1.3)％,and (5.3 ±1.5)°] (P＞0.05).In terms of MRI evaluation score of postoperative paravertebral muscle atrophy,Group A reported better results than Group B [(2.1 ± 0.6) points vs.(1.2 ± 0.6) points] (P ＜ 0.05).At the last follow-up,there were 7,5,6,1 and 1 patients in Group A,while 6,6,5,2 and 1 patients in Group B at ASIA grades A,B,C,D and E (P ＞ 0.05).Within the same group,significant difference was observed between the preoperative data and that at the last follow-up in terms of postoperative VAS score,spinal canal patency,percentage of injury of vertebral height,Cobb angle,and ASIA impairment scale (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation,compared with traditional open approach,posterior pedicle screw fixation through Wiltse paraspinal approach can effectively restore the vertebral body height and spinal canal patency and can reduce the intraoperative bleeding,postoperative drainage,postoperative back pain,and paravertebral lesion.

Establishment of stem cell curriculum and thinking of teaching practice in graduate education / 医学研究生学报

In order to provide reference for development of the new curriculum for graduate students "The principle,technical and clinical practice of stem cell" and improve the quality of teaching and learning,we summarized some experiences and lessons for this course.This paper introduced some measures and achievements on the teaching reform from several aspects including curriculum design,selection of teaching content,teaching idea and mode,training the teaching groups and so on.Moreover,it especially emphasized that teaching contents should not only pay attention to the basic and clinical application,but also combine the present laws and keep abreast of scientific and technological developments.In the process of teaching,we need to value the quality of teachers and improve teaching standards,meanwhile we should pay attention to the culture of thought and the capacity of innovation,stimulating students' interests in studies,improving autonomous study and practices ability through multiple means and channels.This course teaching got satisfactory results and the acquired practice experiences were worth of being popularized in the further graduate students teaching.

Brief discussion on the development and cultivation of the vocational ability of young orthopedic surgeon / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Orthopedic,as an important subject of medical system,is complementary and common progress with young orthopedic surgeon.So,strengthening the standardized training of clinical and scientific research ability for young orthopedic is the primary task in department of orthopedics in our country.Unfortunately,the development of the professional career of Chinese young orthopedic surgeon is presently entrapped in a dilemma due to the diverse contents of the orthopedic subject and the abstract structure of the bone science,and the short time for college education and practice training.In practice,we focus on the ability cultivation based on problem oriented clinical practice,and integrate reasonable and standardized assessment mechanism referring to the international excellent physician training mode.We also integrate the comprehensive development of medicine,teaching and research to promote the improvement of the professional ability of the young doctors in the department of orthopedics.

Biomechanical evaluation of asymmetrical posterior internal fixation for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with transfacetopedicular screws / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the biomechanical stability of asymmetrical posterior internal fixation for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with transfacetopedicular screws (TFPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Range of motion (ROM) testing was performed in 7 fresh-frozen human cadaveric lumbar spine motion segments in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation using 10.0 Nm torques at the L3-4 motion segment. The sequential test configurations included intact motion segment, TLIF and ipsilateral pedicle screw (PS), TLIF and ipsilateral PS plus contralateral TFPS according to Boucher technique, and TLIF and bilateral PS. The ROM was determined to assess the construct stability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, no measureable difference was found in the ROM between the standard bilateral pedicle screw and the novel asymmetric posterior internal fixation after TLIF. After TLIF, the ipsilateral PS construct provided less segment stability than the novel asymmetric construct with TFPS in flexion, left bending and left rotation. In rotation, the novel asymmetric construct allowed for significant off-axial rotation motions detrimental to the stability and fusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ipsilateral PS placement plus contralateral TFPS provides stability comparable to that of TLIF with bilateral PS, and can be an alternative in minimal invasive surgery.</p>