LC-MS/MS analysis of Shenghui decoction component and its effect on learning and memory and neuroprotection in sleep deprivation model mice.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, sleep problems have emerged as a significant factor in the development of diseases that influence cognitive function. The inflammatory response may have a role in the neurobiological processes of sleep deprivation, resulting in impairment of memory and learning. Shenghui Decoction (SHD) is a classic formula in Chinese medicine used to treat forgetfulness and insomnia. However, it remains unclear whether the anti-inflammatory effects of SHD are specifically linked to the inhibition of P2X7R and p38MAPK. METHODS: Analysis of chemical constituents of Shenghui Decoction based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / MS. The learning and memory competency of the mice was assessed using the new object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The morphology of hippocampus neurons was observed using HE staining, and the expression of inflammatory factors was measured using ELISA and immunofluorescence. The expression of P2X7R and p38MAPK in the hippocampus was analyzed via real-time PCR and Western blotting. Additionally, the components absorbed into the bloodstream of SHD were analyzed. RESULTS: The study found that SHD contains 47 chemical constituents, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, and triterpenoids. In addition, it was observed that SHD significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of the mice. SHD also improved the morphology of hippocampus neurons. The expression of inflammatory factors was decreased in the SHD-treated mice. Additionally, the expression of P2X7R and p38MAPK was decreased in the hippocampus of the SHD-treated mice. Fifteen prototype chemical constituents were detected in blood. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that SHD could be a viable treatment for cognitive impairments associated with brain inflammation. The therapeutic effects of SHD are likely due to its chemical components, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, and triterpenoids. SHD can improve learning and memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation through the P2X7R/p38MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways.

Mechanism of beta-sitosterol on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts:an analysis based on network pharmacology / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:At present,effective preventive and therapeutic measures for hypertrophic scar are still limited.In contrast,most of botanical herbs have few side effects and abundant sources,offering new ideas and approaches for the prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scar. OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of plant-derived β-sitosterol on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques and to initially verify it by cytological experiments. METHODS:Through the network pharmacology,the relevant database and software were used to screen the drug targets of β-sitosterol and obtain the hypertrophic scar-related disease targets.The potential(intersection)targets of β-sitosterol on hypertrophic scar were obtained.Cytoscape software and STRING database were used to construct the"drug-target-disease"network and protein-protein interaction network,and screen out the core targets in the protein-protein interaction network.Gene ontology(GO)biological function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses of intersection targets were conducted through the DAVID database,and the signaling pathways and core target genes closely related to the intersection targets were further identified through literature analysis.AutoDock software was used to perform the molecular docking of β-sitosterol and core target proteins.In vitro cellular assays were used to verify the effects of β-sitosterol on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle distribution and mRNA expression of core target genes in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 56 intersection targets of β-sitosterol and hypertrophic scar and 10 core targets were identified in the protein-protein interaction network,including tyrosine kinase,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3),cysteine protease 3(CASP3),apolipoprotein E,estrogen receptor 1,sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,C-reactive protein,intercellular adhesion molecule 1,and catalase.Combined with the literatures and the functional analysis of the KEGG and GO,the MAPK signaling pathway was further identified to be closely related to the intersection targets,and MAPK3(ERK1-MAPK),CASP3,P53 and tumor necrosis factor were identified as the core targets.The molecular docking results indicated that β-sitosterol was well bound to the core target proteins.Cellular assays showed that 100 μmol/L β-sitosterol inhibited hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation,decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis(P<0.01),increased the proportion of G1-phase cells and decreased the proportion of S-phase cells(P<0.05),upregulated the mRNA expression of CASP3,P53 and tumor necrosis factor(P<0.05),and downregulated the mRNA expression of MAPK3(P<0.001).To conclude,β-sitosterol may induce cell apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by activating the tumor necrosis factor pathway and upregulating the expression of CASP3 and P53,while inhibiting the ERK-MAPK pathway to arrest cell cycle and thus reduce the proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts.

Bioinformatics analysis and validation of differentially expressed genes and small molecule drug prediction in proliferative scar / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Hypertrophic scar is a skin fibrosis disease characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts,epidermal thickening,and stratum corneum dysfunction.At present,the pathogenesis of Hypertrophic scar is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To screen the core(Hub)genes and important signaling pathways in hypertrophic scar-related datasets based on bioinformatics,and then verify them by cell experiments to predict small molecule drugs that may have therapeutic effects on hypertrophic scar. METHODS:Datasets related to hypertrophic scar were searched from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,and differentially expressed genes were identified by R software analysis.Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for differentially expressed genes.Protein-protein interaction network of differentially expressed genes was constructed using String online platform.Then,the key genes and core modules in the protein-protein interaction network were screened by Cytohubba and MCODE plugin-in Cytoscape software respectively,and the Hub genes were obtained by the intersection of the above key genes and the genes that formed the core module.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to verify the difference in Hub gene mRNA expression between human hypertrophic scar and normal skin epidermal stem cells.The histological data from the Human Protein Atlas were used to verify the differences in the expression and distribution of Hub gene-encoded proteins in the two kinds of human tissues.Finally,the potential drugs for hypertrophic scar were predicted by the connectivity map database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the identified differentially expressed genes,102 genes were up-regulated and 702 genes were down-regulated.Gene ontology and KEGG analysis showed that the enriched signaling pathways and biological processes were mainly involved in tight junction,arachidonic acid metabolism,extracellular matrix receptor interaction,epidermal development and keratinization.Eight Hub genes were found to be closely related to the mevalonate pathway that regulates cholesterol metabolism,including HMGCS1,DHCR7,MSMO1,FDPS,MVK,HMGCR,MVD and ACAT2.Compared with the normal skin group,the mRNA expression of HMGCS1,DHCR7,MSMO1,FDPS,HMGCR,MVD and ACAT2 in the hypertrophic scar group decreased significantly(P＜0.05),while MVK mRNA expression had no significant change(P＞0.05).Except for MVK,the expression levels of other Hub gene-encoded proteins in normal skin tissue were higher than those in hypertrophic scar tissue(P＜0.05).The top 10 candidate drugs included protein kinase A inhibitor(H-89),serine protease inhibitor(Dabigatran-Etexilate),FLT3 inhibitor(sunitinib),among which resveratrol and β-sitosterol are plant extracts.To conclude,Hub genes closely related to mevalonate metabolism may affect the structure and function of the epidermis by regulating lipid metabolism,which may an important pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar.The small-molecule compounds identified in this study can be used as candidate drugs for the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

Effects of calcium-free ageing on ethanol-induced activation and developmental potential of mouse oocytes.

Although ethanol treatment is widely used to activate oocytes, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Roles of intracellular calcium stores and extracellular calcium in ethanol-induced activation (EIA) of oocytes remain to be verified, and whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in EIA is unknown. This study showed that calcium-free ageing (CFA) in vitro significantly decreased intracellular stored calcium (sCa) and CaSR expression, and impaired EIA, spindle/chromosome morphology and developmental potential of mouse oocytes. Although EIA in oocytes with full sCa after ageing with calcium does not require calcium influx, calcium influx is essential for EIA of oocytes with reduced sCa after CFA. Furthermore, the extremely low EIA rate in oocytes with CFA-downregulated CaSR expression and the fact that inhibiting CaSR significantly decreased the EIA of oocytes with a full complement of CaSR suggest that CaSR played a significant role in the EIA of ageing oocytes. In conclusion, CFA impaired EIA and the developmental potential of mouse oocytes by decreasing sCa and downregulating CaSR expression. Because mouse oocytes routinely treated for activation (18 h post hCG) are equipped with a full sCa complement and CaSR, the present results suggest that, while calcium influx is not essential, CaSR is required for the EIA of oocytes.

Comparison of meteoric water lines at different temporal scales and regression methods in inland monsoon region, Northwest China.

The local meteoric water line (LMWL) is an important basis for tracing the regional hydrological processes with stable isotopes. The establishment of LMWL, which can represent the overall characteristics of stable isotopes of local precipitation, is crucial for accurately revealing the hydrological processes. The influences of different temporal scales and regression methods on the established LMWL were analyzed and compared based on nine years of stable isotopic data of precipitation in Changwu Tableland, a typical area of the inland monsoon region of Northwest China. The results showed that, for different regression methods, the LMWL established by stable isotopes of annual precipitation was basically stable, whereas the LWML established by each precipitation event and the monthly precipitation data showed significant differences with different regression methods. The LMWL from the ordinary least squares regression (OLSR), major axis regression (MA) and reduced major axis regression (RMA) methods were significantly different based on the data of precipitation event, monthly precipitation data, and annual precipitation data, respectively. Only when OLSR, MA and RMA considering precipitation weighting were used, the LMWL established by these scale data was relatively close. This suggested that special attention should be paid to the selection of precipitation stable isotope data scale and regression method when LMWL was established in areas with temporal heterogeneity of precipitation and stable isotopic characteristics. For regions where stable isotope observations of precipitation were difficult and data were limited, the precipitation weighted major axis regression or reduced major axis regression methods are recommended during the establishment of representative LMWL.

Research advances on the role and mechanism of microRNA in hypertrophic scar / 中华烧伤杂志

Hypertrophic scar (HS) affects the function and beauty of patients, and brings a heavy psychological burden to patients. However, the specific pathogenesis mechanism of HS in molecular biology level is not yet clear, and this disease is still one of the clinical diseases difficult to prevent and cure. MicroRNA (miR) is a family of single-stranded endogenous noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. The abnormal transcription of miR in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts can affect the transduction and expression of downstream signal pathway or protein, and the exploration of miR and its downstream signal pathway and protein helps deeply understand the occurrence and development mechanism of scar hyperplasia. This article summarized and analyzed how miR and multiple signal pathways involve in the formation and development of HS in recent years, and further outlined the interaction between miR and target genes in HS.

Clinical Validation of Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP) Score and MIRACLE2 Score to Predict Neurologic Outcomes after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a challenge for emergency physicians, given the poor prognosis. In 2020, MIRACLE2, a new and easier to apply score, was established to predict the neurological outcome of OHCA. Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the discrimination of MIRACLE2 score with cardiac arrest hospital prognosis (CAHP) score for OHCA neurologic outcomes. Methods. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2019. Adult patients (>17 years) with cardiac arrest who were brought to the hospital by an emergency medical service crew were included. Deaths due to trauma, burn, drowning, resuscitation not initiated due to pre-ordered "do not resuscitate" orders, and patients who did not achieve return of spontaneous circulation were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with Youden Index was performed to calculate optimal cut-off values for both scores. Results. Overall, 200 adult OHCA cases were analyzed. The threshold of the MIRACLE2 score for favorable neurologic outcomes was 5.5, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.70 (0.61−0.80, p < 0.001); the threshold of the CAHP score was 223.4, with an AUC of 0.77 (0.68−0.86, p < 0.001). On setting the MIRACLE2 score cut-off value, we documented 64.7% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.9−71.9%), 66.7.0% specificity (95% CI, 48.2−82.0%), 90.8% positive predictive value (PPV; 95% CI, 85.6−94.2%), and 27.2% negative predictive value (NPV; 95% CI, 21.4−33.9%). On establishing a CAHP cut-off value, we observed 68.2% sensitivity (95% CI, 60.2−75.5%), 80.6% specificity (95% CI, 62.5−92.6%), 94.6% PPV (95% CI, 88.6%−98.0%), and 33.8% NPV (95% CI, 23.2−45.7%) for unfavorable neurologic outcomes. Conclusions. The CAHP score demonstrated better discrimination than the MIRACLE2 score, affording superior sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV; however, the CAHP score remains relatively difficult to apply. Further studies are warranted to establish scores with better discrimination and ease of application.

Primary experience and discussion on the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To summarize the preliminary experience in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) and to explore the effect of age, chemotherapy, modified Kadish stage and pathological grade on the prognosis of ENB. Methods: The clinical data of 87 ENB patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2002 and November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The modified Kadish stage was used to evaluate the extent of the lesions, and the Hyams grading system was used for pathological grading. The patients were followed up regularly to evaluate the recurrence and metastasis of the tumor. Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Prognostic factors with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. After controlling the confounding factors, the model coefficients were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The median follow-up time of ENB patients was 29 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 39.3%. In univariate analysis, age, chemotherapy, modified Kadish stage and pathology grade were independent predictors of overall survival, while gender, radiotherapy and surgery were not prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that modified Kadish stage and pathology grade were independent predictors of overall survival rate after excluding confounding factors. Conclusions: Age, chemotherapy, modified Kadish stage and pathological grade are taking important role in the overall survival rate of patients with ENB. Modified Kadish stage and pathological grade are independent predictors of overall survival rate.

Nursing care of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases treated with immunoadsorption therapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application and nursing of protein A immunosorbent in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases.Methods:Ten patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases were treated with protein A immunoadsorption therapy. Psychological nursing was emphasized. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted before adsorption to determine the prescription of adsorption therapy. During adsorption therapy, hypotension, membrane rupture and hemolysis of plasma separator, shivering and other adverse reactions were accurately prevented and treated. After treatment, attention should be paid to the prevention of nosocomial infection, regeneration and preservation of adsorption column.Results:After immunoadsorption therapy, the serum IgG level, antibody and EDSS score of 10 patients decreased to varying degrees. The serum IgG decreased from (6.04±2.77)g/L to (2.23±1.74)g/L. No serious complications occurred, no failure of immunosorbent operation, and the patients′ condition was better than before.Conclusions:Protein A immunosorbent therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases is safe and effective. Standardized evaluation, operation and nursing are the key to achieve good results.

Neuromuscular Pharmacodynamics of Rocuronium in Diabetic Rats / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate diabetes-mediated changes in the neuromuscular pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin in rats.A total of 24 male SD rats were assigned to four groups using random number table:the normal control group,diabetic 2-week group,diabetic 4-week group,and diabetic 8-week group(6 rats per group).The sciatic nerve was stimulated in a rain-of-four(TOF)pattern,and the twitch tension changes in the tibialis anterior muscle were demonstrated by mechanomyography after intravenous injection of rocuronium in vivo.The time course characteristics of rocuronium,including onset time,and the recovery time from rocuronium injection to TOF ratio 75%(RT75%)and 90%(RT90%),were recorded,and half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC)values of rocuronium were determined using a four-parameter dose response curve. Results Compared with the normal controls,the diabetic rats had significantly prolonged onset time of rocuronium,while the RT75% and RT90% were decreased at all rocuronium doses(PConclusion Diabetes is associated with the rat skeletal muscle hyposensitivity to rocuronium,which is featured by prolonged onset time of rocuronium,decreased RT 75% and RT 90%,and right shift of the cumulative dose-response curve of rocuronium.

Screening of MYH7 gene mutation sites in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its significance / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#There have been few reports of mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is associated with sudden cardiac death caused by HCM. This study aimed to screen the mutation sites in the sarcomeric gene MYH7 in Chinese patients with HCM. We also planned to analyze the pathogenicity of the mutation site as well as its significance in clinical and forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#From January 2006 to June 2017, autopsy cases were collected from the Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The experiment was to detect MYH7 gene status in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 18 independent autopsy cases who suffered HCM related sudden death (fatal HCM) and 20 cases without cardiomyopathy. Common mutation exon fragments of MYH7 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The end-of-deoxygenation method and gene cloning method were further performed to analyze the mutation sites. Homologous comparison among mutant sites was conducted using BLAST online database.@*RESULTS@#The 1336th nucleotide of MYH7 gene at exon 14 was converted from T to G in one HCM case, resulting in the conversion of threonine (Thr) at position 446 to proline (Pro). In another case, the 1402th nucleotide at exon 14 was converted from T to C, resulting in the conversion of phenylalanine (Phe) at position 468 to leucine (Leu). Homologous comparison results showed that the two amino acid residues of Thr446 and Phe468 are highly conserved among different species.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our results showed fatal HCM harbored mutations of Thr446Pro and Phe468Leu in the MYH7 gene. It is significant for clinical and forensic medicine to further explore the functions and detailed mechanisms of these mutations.

Effects of different types of bone cement augmentation of pedicle screws on prognosis of osteoporotic thoraco-lumbar fractures in elderly patients / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the effects of different types of bone cement augmentation of pedicle screws on the prognosis of osteo -porotic thoracolumbar fractures in elderly patients.Methods From August 2013 to November 2016,184 elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures in our hospital were selected as the research object,all the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,94 cases in each group.Two groups were treated with pedicle screw fixation,the control group received conventional pedicle screw combined with PMMA bone cement augmentation,and the observation group were treated by cannulated pedicle screws combined with PMMA bone cement augmentation,the prognosis of the two groups were recorded.Results All patients were successfully completed the oper-ation without serious complications occurred.There was no significant difference in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,the amount of sin-gle vertebral bone cement,hospitalization time between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative 1 month incidence rate of cerebrospinal fluid leakage,bone cement leakage,wound infection,loosening of internal fixation was 4.3% in the observation group,which was lower than 21.3%in the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The postoperative 1 month of vertebral height in the observation group and the control group were respectively(4.53 ±1.11)mm and(5.09 ±1.42)mm that were lower than the preoperative(6.41 ±1.39)mm and(6.38 ±1.31)mm(P<0.05),meanwhile the vertebral height at postoperative 1 month of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).There were 0 case of Frankle grade A,0 case of grade B,10 cases of grade C, 18 cases of grade D,66 cases of grade E in the observation group at postoperative 1 month,and there were 6 cases,14 cases,20 cases,20 ca-ses and 34 cases of corresponding Frankle grade in the control group,the observation group was significantly better than the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of cannulated pedicle screw combined with PMMA bone cement in the osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures does not increase the difficulty of operation,and it can reduce the complications and reduce vertebral height,which is conducive to the recovery of nerve function.

Therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on asymptomatic heart failure after myocardial infarction and its influence on prognosis / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To study therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on patients with asymptomatic heart failure (AHF) after myocardial infarction, and its influence on prognosis.Methods: Clinical data of 100 AHF patients after myocardial infarction, who were treated in our hospital from Jul 2014 to Jul 2015, were analyzed.According to random number table, patients were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and atorvastatin group (received atorvastatin based on routine treatment).Cardiac function indexes, plasma levels of BNP and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 6min walking distance (6MWD) and cardiac function score were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment.Course of treatment was one year.Results: Compared with before treatment, after treatment, there were significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6MWD, and significant reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESd), plasma levels of BNP and NT-proBNP, and cardiac function score in both groups(P=0.001 all).Compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant rise in LVEF [(52.48±8.65)% vs.(57.86±9.70)%] and 6MWD [(262.60±12.40)m vs.(282.65±15.50)m], and significant reductions in LVESd [(36.23±2.13)mm vs.(30.08±2.05)mm], LVEDd [(58.61±6.40)mm vs.(51.25±6.18)mm], plasma levels of BNP [(267.48±42.10)pg/ml vs.(149.40±32.30)pg/ml] and NT-proBNP [(524.65±138.60)pg/ml vs.(406.20±112.45)pg/ml], and cardiac function score [(2.30±0.22) scores vs.(1.15±0.10) scores] in atorvastatin group(P<0.01 all).Conclusion: Atorvastatin can alleviate left ventricular remodeling, reduce plasma levels of BNP and NT-proBNP, and improve cardiac function in AHF patients after myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.

Surgical outcome of percutaneous endoscopic technique for highly migrated disc herniation via three different approaches / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical effects of percutaneous endoscopic technique via three different approaches for highly migrated lumbar disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 68 patients underwent percutaneous endoscopic technique from June 2011 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 43 males and 25 females, aged from 11 to 77 years old with an average of (42.29±15.92) years. The patients were divided into three groups according to different operative approaches, of them, 45 cases were by transforaminal approach (group A), 15 cases by translaminar approach (group B), and 8 cases by transpedicular approach (group C). There was 1 case in level L₂,₃, 12 cases in L₃,₄, 36 cases in L₄,₅, 19 cases in L₅S₁. The herniated disc was migrated superiorly in 23 patients, inferiorly in 45 patients. MRI were available to confirm migrated disc pre-and post-operatively. Operation time, loss blood volume, intraoperative and postoperative complications, time of back to work (postoperative recovery time) were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative VAS were used to evaluate low back pain and sciatica and JOA and MacNab criteria were used to evaluate functional recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful and all the patients were followed up from 12 to 40 months with an average of (18.0±15.9) months. Seven patients(3 cases in group A, 3 cases in group B, 1 case in group C) complicated with transient paraesthesia (hyperalgesia or hypesthesia), and the symptoms relieved after symptomatic treatment with neurotrophic medicine, at final follow-up, no symptoms were left. One case in group B complicated with dura mater tearing during operation and it was untreated, there was no resulted complications such as headache and sinus tract of skin. In group A, B, C, the mean VAS score of sciatica improved from preoperative 6.93±1.34, 6.33±1.23, 6.13±1.73 to 0.80±0.87, 0.73±0.70, 0.38±0.52 at final follow-up; and JOA score improved from preoperative 9.09±2.62, 9.80±2.31, 10.50±2.93 to 26.82±1.53, 25.93±1.58, 26.50±1.51 at final follow-up, respectively(<0.05). There was no significant difference among three groups(>0.05). There was no significant difference in loss blood volume, postoperative recovery time among three groups. But operation time of group B was shorter than other two groups. According to MacNab criterion to assess the clinical effects, 42 cases got excellent results, 21 good, 5 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous endoscopic technique is a safe and effective method for surgical treatment of highly migrated herniation. The decision of operative approach should be made by characters of anatomy. By tanspedicular approach the lesion could be found directly. However, it depends on good skill and equipment.</p>

Parental life events cause behavioral difference among offspring: Adult pre-gestational restraint stress reduces anxiety across generations.

While effects of gestational, neonatal or adolescent stress on psychological alterations in progeny have been extensively studied, much less is known regarding the effects of adult pre-gestational life events on offspring behavior. Although full siblings often display behavioral differences, whether the different parental life events prior to different pregnancies contribute to these behavioral differences among siblings is worth studying. In this study, male and female adult mice were restrained for 60 days before mating with unstressed or stressed partners. F1 offspring were examined for anxiety or mated to generate F2. Both F1 females and males from restrained mothers and/or fathers showed significantly reduced anxiety and serum cortisol and increased mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared to control offspring from unstressed parents. Similar behavioral and molecular changes were also observed in F2 females and males. Although restraint of adolescent mice reduced anxiety in F1 of both sexes, social instability of them increased anxiety predominantly in F1 females. Thus, adult pre-gestational restraint reduced offspring's anxiety across generations; different stressors on parents may cause different phenotypes in offspring; individual behaviors can depend on adult life experiences of parents.

Parkinson's Disease with Fatigue: Clinical Characteristics and Potential Mechanisms Relevant to α-Synuclein Oligomer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to pathological proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who experience fatigue. METHODS: PD patients (n=102) were evaluated using a fatigue severity scale and scales for motor and nonmotor symptoms. The levels of three pathological proteins-α-synuclein oligomer, β-amyloid (Aβ)(1-42), and tau-were measured in 102 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from these PD patients. Linear regression analyses were performed between fatigue score and the CSF levels of the above-listed pathological proteins in PD patients. RESULTS: The frequency of fatigue in the PD patients was 62.75%. The fatigue group had worse motor symptoms and anxiety, depression, and autonomic dysfunction. The CSF level of α-synuclein oligomer was higher and that of Aβ1-42 was lower in the fatigue group than in the non-fatigue group. In multiple linear regression analyses, fatigue severity was significantly and positively correlated with the α-synuclein oligomer level in the CSF of PD patients, after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: PD patients experience a high frequency of fatigue. PD patients with fatigue have worse motor and part nonmotor symptoms. Fatigue in PD patients is associated with an increased α-synuclein oligomer level in the CSF.

Comparison of the effect of small incision non -phacoemulsification and phacoemulsification surgery in the ;treatment of cataract / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the effect of small incision non -phacoemulsification and phacoemulsifi-cation surgery in the treatment of cataract.Methods 90 patients with cataract were selected and randomly divided into ultrasound group and non -ultrasound group,45 cases in each group,who received small incision non -phac-oemulsification and cataract phacoemulsification surgery,respectively.The effect,dry eye symptom score,tear film breakup time and Schirmer test in the two groups were compared.Results The overall response rate in the ultrasound group (93.33%)was obviously higher than that in the non -ultrasound group(62.22%),the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =12.60,P <0.05).The dry eye symptom score[(3.34 ±0.31)points,(3.13 ±0.14)points]in the ultrasound group were significantly lower than those in the non -ultrasound group[(3.89 ±0.26)points,(3.46 ± 0.19)points]at postoperative 1 month and 3 months(t =9.12,9.38,all P <0.05).After the treatment,the tear film breakup time and Schirmer test [(7.34 ±0.45 )s,(5 .56 ±0.54)min]in the ultrasound group were significantly better than the non -ultrasound group[(5.55 ±0.42)s,(2.45 ±0.44)min](t =19.51,29.96,all P <0.05). Conclusion Phacoemulsification surgery exerts obvious effect in the treatment of cataract and induces non -obvious postoperative dry eye symptoms,it is significantly better than small incision non -phacoemulsification and has clinical significance.

Mechanisms by which a lack of germinal vesicle (GV) material causes oocyte meiotic defects: a study using oocytes manipulated to replace GV with primary spermatocyte nuclei.

Oocytes with germinal vesicles (GVs) replaced with somatic nuclei exhibit meiotic abnormalities. Although this suggests an exclusive role for GV material in meiosis, mechanisms by which a lack of GV material causes meiotic defects are unknown. Knowledge of these mechanisms will help us to understand meiotic control, nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, and cellular reprogramming. This study showed that although oocytes with prometaphase I chromosomes replaced with primary spermatocyte nuclei (PSN) did not, oocytes with GV replaced with PSN (PSG oocytes) did display meiotic defects. Among the defects, insufficient chromosome condensation with chromosome bridges was associated with spindle abnormalities. Abnormal spindle migration, cortical nonpolarization, and the aberrant spindle caused randomly positioning of cleavage furrows, leading to large first polar bodies (PB1) and unequal allocation of chromosomes and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) between oocyte and PB1. Spindle assembly checkpoint was activated but did not stop the incorrect division. The unequal MAPK allocation resulted in differences in pronuclear formation and PB1 degeneration; oocytes receiving more MAPK were more capable of forming pronuclear rudiments, whereas PB1 receiving more MAPK degenerated sooner than those that received less. Because none of the PSG oocytes or the enucleated GV oocytes injected with sperm heads showed cortical polarization in spite of chromosome localization close to the oolemma and because the PSG oocytes receiving more MAPK could form only pronuclear rudiments and not normal pronuclei, we suggest that the GV material plays essential roles in polarization and pronuclear formation on top of those played by chromosomes or MAPK. In conclusion, using PSG oocytes as models, this study has revealed the primary pathways by which a lack of GV material cause meiotic defects, laying a foundation for future research on the role of GV material in oocyte meiotic control.

Effect of estrogen on proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the biological effects of estrogen (17β-E2) on the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast (HSFB).Methods HSFBs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion.The fourth generation of HSFBs were adopted; (1) the proliferating effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined with MTT method at 24,48,72,96 h; (2) the influence of 17β-E2 and ICI-182780 to HSFBs cycle distribution were determined with flow cytometry; (3) the migration effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined at 24,48,and 72 hours after the creation of the scratch-wound in vitro.Results (1) The proliferating speed of HSFBs in 10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group A)was the highest of all at 48,72,96 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group B) and control group (group C) (P＜0.01) ;(2) the HSFBs during the S phase in group A was more than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01),while the HSFBs during the G0/G1 phase was less than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01); (3) the migrating effect of HSFBs in 10-8mol/L 17β-E2 group (group D) was the highest of all at 48 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L control group (group E)and control group (group F) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The concentration of 10-10mol/L estrogen has the strongest effect of promoting proliferation and that of 10-8mol/L has the strongest chemotaxis; ICI-182780 can abate the above effect effectively.

Characterization of cumulus expansion-inhibiting factor (CEIF) in goat follicles.

Studies suggest that oocyte cumulus expansion is regulated by both cumulus expansion-enabling factor (CEEF) and cumulus expansion-inhibiting factors (CEIF). Many reports on CEEF have appeared, but CEIF has rarely been studied. By cumulus expansion assays using mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and oocytectomized complexes, the present study demonstrated that whereas follicular fluid (FF) from medium (diameter, 2-4 mm) goat follicles contained both CEEF and CEIF activities, FF from large (diameter, 5-6 mm) abattoir or large (diameter, 5-7 mm) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated follicles contained neither. FF from (diameter, 5-7 mm) human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated follicles showed CEEF but not CEIF activity. Whereas medium conditioned with cumulus or mural granulosa cells from medium goat follicles contained only CEEF activity, theca cell-conditioned medium (CM) showed both CEEF and CEIF activities. Whereas 0.01 mg/ml of heparin efficiently inhibited cumulus expansion of mouse COCs in vitro, FF from large follicles that showed no CEIF activity contained much higher concentrations (0.23-0.25 mg/ml) of heparin. None of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) tested inhibited cumulus expansion of goat COCs. Among the follicles observed, only FF from medium goat follicles contained a linoleic acid (LA) level sufficient to inhibit cumulus expansion of both mouse and goat COCs in vitro. CM contained some amount of GAGs but no LA. Taken together, the results suggest that 1) the FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) surges before ovulation promote cumulus expansion by down-regulating CEIF and up-regulating CEEF activity, respectively; 2) GAGs are not the CEIF in goat follicles; and 3) LA has CEIF activity but additional factors must be involved, because CM that showed high CEIF activity contained no LA.