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1.
Med Trop Sante Int ; 1(2)2021 06 30.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35586586

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Bacteremia is associated with high lethality in HIV-infected patients. The widespread use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and misuse of antibiotics promote antibacterial resistance. Only few studies have considered this issue in HIV-infected patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the etiology and antibacterial susceptibility patterns of bloodstream isolates in patient living with HIV. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at the clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of Fann university hospital from March 2013 to December 2016. Data were collected from patients' files according to a pre-establish survey form made of demographic, clinical, bacteriological and biological parameters. Results: Seventy-four cases of bacteremia were registered, 51.4% of which in women. Participants' median age was 45 years old [18-73 years old] and average CD4 count 83.3 cells/µl. The most commonly isolated bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (14%) followed by Escherichia coli (10%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Rates of methicillin resistance for coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were 35.7% (5/14) and 22% (2/9), respectively. The most frequent ESBL producing germs were Escherichia coli 50% (5/10), Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% (4/10) and Enterobacter sp 25% (2/8). Pseudomonas sp were the most (22.2%) germs resistant to carbapenems. Conclusion: The result of this study advocates the need for ongoing surveillance of antibacterial resistance in HIV-infected patients and empirical antibiotic therapy based on surveillance data.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Escherichia coli Infections , HIV Infections , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Coagulase/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Hospitals, University , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology , Young Adult
2.
Med Sante Trop ; 29(1): 71-75, 2019 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31031252

ABSTRACT

To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of infections in postpartum women admitted to the infectious diseases department at Fann Teaching Hospital. This retrospective descriptive study examined the records of women admitted for infectious diseases within 42 days after childbirth during the five-year period (2007-2011). Data were collected from medical files and analyzed with Sphinx plus2 V5 software. In all, 54 women were admitted for infections during the postpartum period. Their mean age was 27.4 ± 6.2 years. Fifty women (93%) had had vaginal deliveries. The average interval from delivery to admission was 15.4 ± 11.0 days. Tuberculosis (14 cases), vaginitis (13 cases), and severe malaria (7 cases) were the most frequent infectious diseases. The average duration of hospitalization was 12.1 ± 9.0 days. The mortality rate was 30%, with the main causes of death tuberculosis (25 %) and severe pneumonia of unknown causes (25 %). Tropical diseases remain frequent during the postpartum period, with a high lethality rate, as this study shows. Early diagnosis during pregnancy and better follow-up after delivery should be the best ways of reducing morbidity and mortality from these infections.


Subject(s)
Infections/epidemiology , Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology
3.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 111(5): 275-277, 2018.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30950586

ABSTRACT

This retrospective, descriptive study carried out in the Infectious Diseases Department of CHNU, Fann from 1st January 2012 to 3st December 2016 aimed to describe the epidemiological aspects and the course of post-circumcision tetanus and to formulate public health recommendations. During our study period, 16 cases of post-circumcision tetanus were collected out of a total of 452 patients with tetanus, equivalent to a rate of 3.5%. The median age was 8 years (3-40). None of the patients had a vaccination card. In 63% of cases, circumcision was performed at home, by a practitioner whose qualification was not documented in 63% of cases. All signs of tetanus were found with trismus (100%), dysphagia (63%) and paroxysms (88%). These were mostly Mollaret stage II forms in 14 cases, and grade 3 Dakar score in 7 cases. The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days [6-15]. Mechanical or infectious complications were noted in two cases, with a lethality rate of 13%. Post-circumcision tetanus is a reality in Senegal. Good community awareness, continuous training of staff and implementation of vaccination catch-up strategies for children of circumcised age should eradicate this form of tetanus.


Cette étude rétrospective descriptive, réalisée à la Clinique des maladies infectieuses du CHNU de Fann du 1er janvier 2012 au 31 décembre 2016 avait pour but de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et évolutifs du tétanos postcirconcision et de formuler des recommandations en termes de prévention. Durant la période d'étude, 16 cas de tétanos postcirconcision ont été colligés sur un total de 452 patients atteints de tétanos, soit une fréquence hospitalière de 3,5 %. L'âge médian était de huit ans (3­40). Aucun des patients ne disposait de carnet de vaccination. Dans 63 % des cas, la circoncision a été effectuée à domicile, par un praticien dont la qualification n'a pas été documentée dans 63 % des cas. Tous les signes du tétanos ont été retrouvés avec le trismus (100 %), la dysphagie (63 %) et les paroxysmes (88 %). Il s'agissait surtout de formes de moyenne gravité classées au stade II de Mollaret dans 14 cas, et au score 3 de Dakar dans sept cas. La durée médiane d'hospitalisation était de dix jours [6­15]. Des complications mécaniques ou infectieuses ont été notées dans deux cas, avec une létalité de 13 %. Le tétanos postcirconcision est une réalité au Sénégal. Une bonne sensibilisation de la communauté, la formation continue du personnel et la mise en place de stratégies de rattrapage vaccinal des enfants en âge d'être circoncis devraient permettre d'éradiquer cette forme de tétanos.


Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male/adverse effects , Circumcision, Male/statistics & numerical data , Tetanus/diagnosis , Tetanus/epidemiology , Tetanus/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Hospital Departments/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology , Tetanus/pathology , Tropical Medicine/organization & administration , Young Adult
4.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 111(3): 152-155, 2018.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30793578

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis remains a problem of public health, in spite of the numerous significant advances noted in the diagnosis in recent years. The involvement of the thoracic wall is a rare extra lung shape. Its clinical presentation is not specific and a collected thoracic tumefaction is the main clinical demonstration. The diagnosis is improved by the use of non-invasive tools such as the Xpert MTB/Rif® test with a good sensibility on the pus. Medical care is based on medical treatment and sometimes associated with surgical treatment.


La tuberculose demeure un problème de santé publique, malgré les nombreuses avancées significatives notées dans le diagnostic ces dernières années. L'atteinte de la paroi thoracique est une forme extrapulmonaire rare. Sa présentation clinique est non spécifique, et une tuméfaction thoracique collectée en est la principale manifestation clinique. Le diagnostic est amélioré par l'utilisation d'outils non invasifs tels que le test Xpert MTB/Rif® avec une bonne sensibilité sur le pus. La prise en charge repose sur le traitement médical quelquefois associé à un traitement chirurgical.


Subject(s)
Abscess/diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Thoracic Diseases/diagnosis , Thoracic Wall/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Abscess/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Immunocompetence , Lung Abscess/complications , Lung Abscess/diagnosis , Lung Abscess/microbiology , Senegal , Thoracic Diseases/complications , Thoracic Diseases/microbiology , Thoracic Wall/pathology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
5.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(02): 77-84, 2018.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266285

ABSTRACT

Introduction : La Cryptococcose Neuro-Méningée (CNM) survient souvent sur terrain d'immunodépression et surtout au cours de l'infection à VIH.Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence de la mortalité et les facteurs associés au décès. Patients et méthodes : Etude rétrospective descriptive et analytique, sur des patients hospitalisés de 2011 à 2014, des deux sexes, d'âge supérieur à 18 ans avec une CNM confirmée.Résultats : Trente-quatre cas colligés, dont 31 chez des patients VIH+ (91,1%). L'âge moyen était de 43,17 ans et la majorité avait un âge compris entre 40 et 49 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,26 en faveur des hommes. Ils présentaient des maladies chroniques sous-jacentes dans 11,7% des cas. Sur le plan clinique, céphalées (81,8%), fièvre au long cours (76,5%), vomissements (57,6%) et troubles de la conscience (44,1%) étaient notés. Des infections opportunistes étaient objectivées (97%) avec une prédominance de la candidose digestive. Sur le plan biologique, le taux moyen de LT CD4+ était de 117,42/mm3. L'examen direct à l'encre de Chine positif dans 11/23 cas. L'antigène cryptococcique positif dans LCR dans 16/24 cas et l'antigénémie positive pour 20/22 cas. Sur le plan évolutif, la létalité était de 57,6%. La durée de l'infection à HIV< 20 mois et les patients sans traitement ARV étaient les facteurs associés au décès.Conclusion : Dans nos régions elle est l'une des principales causes de méningo-encéphalite chez les sujets VIH+ immunodéprimés. Sa létalité est importante du fait de la non- disponibilité des antifongiques majeurs et du diagnostic tardif de l'infection à VIH


Subject(s)
Cryptococcosis , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/mortality
6.
Med Sante Trop ; 27(4): 392-396, 2017 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29313506

ABSTRACT

To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis and describe its epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics and its outcome in patients with HIV. This retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study examined the records of patients with HIV at our outpatient treatment center and selected those who were antiretroviral-naive and presented tuberculosis between January 2008 and December 2012. Among a total of 757 HIV-positive patients, 76 had tuberculosis, for a prevalence of 10 %. The sex ratio of 1.23 favored men. The average age was 42.5 years (range: 25 to 69 years. Nearly all these patients (71 cases) had HIV-1. A history of tuberculosis was reported by 39.5 %. Seventeen patients were malnourished. Management included chemoprophylaxis with cotrimoxazole for 64 patients. The pulmonary form predominated (72.4 %). Among these forms, there were 34 cases of negative microscopy tuberculosis and 21 cases of positive microscopy tuberculosis. The extrapulmonary forms (21 cases) were dominated by tuberculosis in the lymph nodes (11 cases), the pleura (7), pericardium (2), and peritoneum (1). Anemia was found in 44 patients. Severe immunosuppression was noted in 90 %, with CD4+ cell counts <350/mm3. Lethality was 7.9 %. TB/HIV coinfection is a major public health problem in Africa. Better coordination of activities in support of programs for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are needed.


Subject(s)
Coinfection/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Ambulatory Care Facilities , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology , Sex Distribution
7.
Mali Med ; 31(1): 18-21, 2016.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30079659

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe severe malaria cases with bacterial infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive and analytical study over 8 months. RESULTS: 15 of the 86 severe malaria cases had bacterial infections: enteritis (7 cases), urinary tract infection (4 cases), meningitis (4 cases), pneumonia (cases), sepsis (1 case), and sinusitis (1 case). Convulsions, jaundice, abnormal bleeding, pulmonary edema were more frequent in patients with associated infections. The average number of leukocytes and CRP were significantly higher in patients with bacterial infection. The mean parasite density was higher in patients without bacterial infection (56,362/mm3 vs. 239,162.2 ± 3326/mm 3 ± 7175.3). Lethality was higher in patients with bacterial infection (20% versus 16.9%). CONCLUSION: Bacterial infections are common in severe malaria and may influence the prognosis.


OBJECTIFS: Décrire les cas de paludisme grave avec infection bactérienne associée. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Etude prospective, descriptive et analytique sur 8 mois. RÉSULTATS: Parmi les 86 cas de paludisme grave, 15 avaient des infections bactériennes: Entérite (7 cas), Infections urinaires (4 cas), méningites (4 cas), pneumopathies (cas), septicémie (1 cas), sinusite (1 cas). Les convulsions, l'ictère, le saignement anormal, l'œdème pulmonaire étaient plus fréquents chez les patients présentant des infections associées. Le nombre de leucocytes moyen et la CRP était significativement plus élevé chez les patients avec infection bactérienne. La densité parasitaire moyenne était plus élevée chez les patients sans infection bactérienne (56362/mm3 ± 239162,2 Vs 3326/mm3 ±7175,3). La létalité était plus élevée chez les patients avec infection bactérienne (20% contre 16,9%). CONCLUSION: Les infections bactériennes ne sont pas rares au cours du paludisme grave et peuvent en influencer le pronostic.

8.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 63(5): 261-270, 2016. tab
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266183

ABSTRACT

L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les connaissances des Personnes Vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) sur les modes de transmission, la prévention et le traitement de l'infection à VIH, décrire et d'analyser leurs comportements et pratiques depuis l'annonce de leur séropositivité. Méthodologie : Etude transversale à visée descriptive réalisée du 1er juin au 31 octobre 2012, concernant les patients infectés par le VIH, suivis en ambulatoire au Centre de Recherche Clinique et de Formation de Fann. Résultats : Quarante-sept patients, en majorité des femmes (sex-ratio F/M = 3,2) ont été interrogés. Leur âge médian était de 43 ans [extrêmes : 18 ans-63 ans]. Les infections opportunistes constituaient la principale circonstance de dépistage (75%).Les principales sources d'information sur la maladie étaient les médias (75%). La transmission mère-enfant n'était connue que par 17% des patients. Le préservatif était le moyen de prévention le plus cité (77%). Seuls 4 patients ont cité les centres de dépistage volontaire pour le dépistage de l'infection à VIH. Cinquante-quatre pour cent des cas percevaient leur maladie comme une épreuve divine. Par rapport aux attitudes et pratiques face au VIH, 32 patients étaient favorables au partage du statut sérologique mais seuls 29 avaient informé un tiers qui était le conjoint dans 7 cas. Vingt-huit patients étaient sexuellement actifs et 12 exigeaient le port de préservatif. Conclusion : La prise en charge psycho-sociale et sexuelle au cours du suivi est indispensable afin d'améliorer les connaissances des patients sur l'infection à VIH, leurs attitudes et pratiques


Subject(s)
Senegal
9.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 63(5): 292-298, 2016. ilus
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266187

ABSTRACT

Objectifs : Déterminer la prévalence de la tuberculose pulmonaire chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH et décrire ses aspects radiologiques. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive réalisée à partir de dossiers de patients infectés par le VIH/Sida et hospitalisés au service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales pour une tuberculose pulmonaire durant la période allant du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2013. Résultats : Durant cette période d'étude, nous avons colligé 124 cas de co-infections tuberculose pulmonaire/VIH sur un total de 571 cas de tuberculose toutes formes confondues soit une prévalence de 21,7%. Le sexe masculin était prédominant avec un sex-ratio de 1,48. La notion de contage tuberculeux était retrouvée dans 8,9% des cas. Les signes cliniques classiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire ont été retrouvés notamment l'altération de l'état général (105 cas), la toux chronique (93 cas) et la fièvre chez (105 cas). L'intradermoréaction à la tuberculine était positive dans 7,3% des cas. Les crachats BAAR étaient réalisés dans 73,3% des cas et positifs dans 18,5% des cas. Le GeneXpert était réalisé chez 62 patients et positif dans 9,7% des cas. La radiographie thoracique était normale chez 35 patients et dans les autres cas les lésions radiologiques étaient dominées par : les infiltrats (20 cas); les miliaires (17 cas), infiltrat + opacités réticulo-nodulaires (15 cas), caverne + infiltrats (14 cas), opacités réticulo-nodulaires (13 cas). Dans la plupart des cas (63,7%), la localisation des lésions était diffuse. Conclusion : Les aspects radiologiques habituels de la tuberculose pulmonaire sont modifiés chez les patients infectés par le VIH avec atteintes parenchymateuses plus étendues


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/radiotherapy
10.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 108(3): 175-80, 2015 Aug.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26141496

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of patients by a scale of gravity allows a better categorization of patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). Our study had for objective to estimate interest of Ambulatory Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (ASAPS) applied to patients admitted in ICU of infectious diseases department of FANN hospital. It was about a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, made from the data found in patients' files admitted into the USI infectious diseases department of FANN hospital in Dakar, from January 1(st), 2009 till December 31st, 2009.The data of 354 patients' files were analyzed. The sex-ratio was 1.77 with an average age of 37.6 years ± 19.4 years old [5-94 years]. The majority of the patients were unemployed paid (39.6%). The most frequent failures were the following ones: neurological (80.5%), cardio-respiratory (16.7%). The average duration of stay was 6.2 days ± 8.2 days going of less than 24 hours to more than 10 weeks. The deaths arose much more at night (53.1%) than in the daytime (46.9%) and the strongest rate of death was recorded in January (61.5%), most low in October (26.7%). The global mortality was 48.3%. The rate of lethality according to the highest main diagnosis was allocated to the AIDS (80.5%). The average ambulatory simplified acute physiology score was 5.3 ± 3.6 with extremes of 0 and 18. The deaths in our series increased with this index (p = 0.000005). The female patients had a rate of lethality higher than that of the men people, 55.5% against 44.2% (p = 0.03). In spite of a predictive score of a high survival (ASAPS < 8), certain number of patients died (n = 105) that is 61.4% of the deaths. The metabolic disturbances, hyperleukocytosis or leukopenia when realised, the presence of a chronic disease, seemed also to influence this lethality. ASAPS only, although interesting, would not good estimate the gravity of patients, where from the necessity thus of a minimum biological balance sheet. It seems better adapted for patients with a high value (ASAPS≥8). This score when it is low, is not correlated, in our study, at a high survival rate as waited in this population.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Infectious Disease Medicine , Intensive Care Units , Severity of Illness Index , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Malaria/epidemiology , Male , Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , Senegal/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic Factors , Survival Rate , Tetanus/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Young Adult
11.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 66: 329-33, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24491262

ABSTRACT

Onset of atopic dermatitis and occurrence of related skin lesions are influenced by various environmental factors in humans, and companion animals. Several studies have demonstrated an association between passive smoking and the development of atopic dermatitis in children. This association has never been investigated in the dog to our knowledge. We enrolled 161 dogs seen at dermatology and vaccination consultations over a six-month period for this study. Dog owners were asked to complete a questionnaire, to evaluate the exposure of the dog to tobacco smoke. The atopic or non-atopic status of the dog was assessed on the basis of Favrot's criteria (history, clinical examination and cutaneous cytology for Malassezia). Analysis of the data for the 161 dogs enrolled revealed a significant association between high levels of passive exposure to tobacco smoke (cigarette consumption divided by the area of the home) and the presence of atopic dermatitis in the dogs (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.10-17.44; p=0.03; NNH (number needed to harm) 3, 95% CI 2-52). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis showed a slight, but non-significant association with breed predisposition. Dogs with high levels of exposure to tobacco smoke may have a higher risk of atopic dermatitis than non-exposed dogs.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Animals , Dogs , Female , Male
12.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 106(4): 244-7, 2013 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24150730

ABSTRACT

We conducted a study to evaluate the tolerance of the zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP) combination regimen in HIV-1 patients by a descriptive analytical retrospective study of all HIV-1 patients receiving AZT-3TC-NVP combination between 2008 and 2011. Seventy patients were included. Two thirds of the patients presented at least one side effect (44 cases). The digestive disorders (15 cases) and neuropsychiatric (14 cases) were the most frequent. Epigastralgia (20%), headaches (20%) and arthralgias (13%) were main side effects. A maculo-papular exanthema was noted in three cases. During the follow-up, five patients presented with anemia. No patient presented hepatic cytolysis due to NVP. All the patients followed for more than six months presented a side effect against 29.7% when the duration of treatment was equal to or less than 6 months (p=10(-5)). Most of the side effects due to the association AZT/3TC/NVP are minor. The evaluation of the clinical and biological tolerance must be maintained during all the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Lamivudine/administration & dosage , Lamivudine/adverse effects , Nevirapine/administration & dosage , Nevirapine/adverse effects , Zidovudine/administration & dosage , Zidovudine/adverse effects , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology
13.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 71(1): 77-8, 2011 Feb.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21585099

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this report is to describe two cases of human rabies in Senegal that illustrate possible diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls even in an endemic area. Although outcome is almost always fatal and interhuman transmission is uncommon, prompt diagnosis of rabies is important since delay increases the risk of exposure to the virus for the entourage.


Subject(s)
Rabies/diagnosis , Child , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
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