Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli DBS1, Isolated from a Patient with Urinary Tract Infections in Morocco.

Here, we present the draft genome assembly of Escherichia coli DBS1, which was originally isolated from a urine sample from a male patient with urinary tract infections in Rabat, Morocco.

Pediatric urolithiasis in Morocco: Composition of 432 urinary calculi analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.

PURPOSE: Incidence of pediatric urolithiasis is decreasing in most developing countries where endemic bladder stones are less prevalent than in the past years. In parallel, stone composition has changed. Only few data are available in North Africa, except for Tunisia. We report stone composition in the Moroccan pediatric population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Composition of 432 stones from children (302 boys, 130 girls) was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The samples were collected during the period 1999-2016. Stone morphology, which is an important aspect for etiology was determined by examination of each stone under a stereomicroscope. Stone composition was compared to patients' age and gender. RESULTS: The global male-to-female ratio was 2.32. Regarding stone composition, calcium oxalate was the main component in 51.6% of the stones, followed by struvite (18.1%), ammonium urate (9.5%) and carbapatite (9%). Significant differences were found between males and females: calcium oxalate accounted for 72.3% of stones in girls and 42.7% in boys (P<10-6); conversely, struvite was more frequent in boys than in girls (22.2 vs 8.5%, P<10-4). The same was found for calcium phosphate stones (11.9% in boys; 4.6% in girls, P<0.05). Stone morphology helped us for detecting several pathological conditions: type Ic whewellite stones, as a marker for primary hyperoxaluria, was found in 17.6% of stones and type IIId ammonium urate stones, suggestive for infectious diarrhea, was identified in 20.1% of all stones. CONCLUSION: This is the largest series of pediatric stones in Morocco studied by infrared analysis and morphological examination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Evaluation and management of thromboprophylaxis in Moroccan hospitals at national level: the Avail-MoNa study.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common clinical problem that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical practices in VTE prophylaxis in university and peripheral hospitals in Morocco. This is a national, cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study assessing the management of the VTE risk in selected Moroccan hospitals (four university and three peripheral). The thromboembolic risk of the selected patients was assessed according to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines (2008). We hypothesized that interventions for VTE guideline implementation in those hospitals may improve prophylaxis use for hospitalized patients. A total of 1318 patients were analyzed: 467 (35.5%) medical and 851 (64.5%) surgical. The mean age of patients was 52.6 ± 16.5 years, and 52.7% were female. A total of 51.1% patients were considered to be at risk of VTE according to ACCP guidelines and were eligible for thromboprophylaxis (TP). Medical patients were more likely to present risk factors than surgical patients (53.6 vs. 50.7%, respectively). TP was prescribed for 53.1% of these patients, 57.4% in at-risk surgical patients and 50.3% in at-risk medical patients. TP was also prescribed for 42.9% of non-at-risk patients. The concordance between the recommended and the prescribed prophylaxis was poor for the total population (kappa = 0.110). TP did not improve sufficiently in our hospitals, even after implementation of the guidelines. New strategies are required to appropriately address TP in hospitalized patients.

Genome Sequences of Multiresistant Staphylococcus capitis Pulsotype NRCS-A and Methicillin-Susceptible S. capitis Pulsotype NRCS-C.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus captis pulsotype NCRS-C (CR02 strain) and multiresistant Staphylococcus captis pulsotype NCRS-A (CR07 strain).

Genome Sequences of Four Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A Isolates from Geographically Distant Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Staphylococcus capitis pulsotype NRCS-A was previously reported as a frequent cause of late-onset sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequences of four S. capitis pulsotype NCRS-A strains, CR03, CR04, CR05, and CR09, isolated from Belgium, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France, respectively.

Non-contiguous finished genome sequence of Staphylococcus capitis CR01 (pulsetype NRCS-A).

Staphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) commonly found in the human microflora. Recently, a clonal population of Staphylococcus capitis (denominated NRCS-A) was found to be a major cause of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in several neonatal intensive care units in France. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of the prototype Staphylococcus capitis NCRS-A strain CR01. The 2,504,472 bp long genome (1 chromosome and no plasmids) exhibits a G+C content of 32.81%, and contains 2,468 protein-coding and 59 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes.

Characterization of a novel composite staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec-SCCcad/ars/cop) in the neonatal sepsis-associated Staphylococcus capitis pulsotype NRCS-A.

Multiresistant Staphylococcus capitis pulsotype NRCS-A has been reported to be a major pathogen causing nosocomial bacteremia in preterm infants. We report that the NRCS-A strain CR01 harbors a novel 60.9-kb composite staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element, composed of an SCCmec with strong homologies to Staphylococcus aureus ST398 SCCmec and of an SCCcad/ars/cop harboring resistance genes for cadmium, arsenic, and copper. Whole-genome-based comparisons of published S. capitis strains suggest that strain CR01 acquired the two elements independently.

[A comparison of Airtraq™ laryngoscope and standard direct laryngoscopy in adult patients with immobilized cervical spine]. / Comparaison de l'Airtraq™ et du laryngoscope Macintosh pour l'intubation trachéale chez l'adulte avec stabilisation manuelle en ligne du rachis cervical.

INTRODUCTION: Airtraq laryngoscope is a new and single use device for endotracheal intubation. Few studies showed the superiority of the Airtraq comparing to Macintosh laryngoscope in the setting of difficult intubation. STUDY DESIGN: To compare the performance of these two laryngoscopes by simulating a situation of reduced mobility of the cervical spine by applying the Manual in-line stablization (MILS) maneuver. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After obtaining the approval of the ethic committee, we realized a prospective single blind randomized study. During a 6-month period, 120 consenting patients scheduled for ORL or ophthalmologic surgery were included. They all had general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation. These patients were randomly and equally divided in two groups (n=60), depending on the type of the laryngoscope used (Airtraq or Macintosh). Were excluded from the study the patients with history or criteria predicting difficult intubation. Each patient was intubated by one of the five experimented anesthetists selected for this work. The principle judgment criteria were: i) the time taken for the orotracheal intubation and ii) the intubation difficulty score (IDS). The secondary judgment criterion was the hemodynamic modifications after the endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: Demographic and upper airway track variables were comparable between the two groups. There was no case of failure of intubation in this serie. Nonetheless, all the patients of the Airtaq group were intubated from the first attempt, whereas half of the patients of the Macintosh group were intubated after the third attempt. Comparing to the Macintosh, the Airtraq reduces the time taken for the orotracheal intubation (14±1s vs 19±3s, P=0.01), the necessity of additional maneuver to facilitate the intubation, and the intubation difficulty score (0.7±0.3 vs 3.8±1, P<0.001). Orotracheal intubation using the Airtraq laryngoscope caused less hemodynamic stimulation than using the Macintosh. CONCLUSION: Our study showed the usefulness of the Airtraq laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation for patients presenting conditions of difficult intubation such as reduced mobility of the cervical spine.

[In vitro study of the litholytic effects of herbal extracts on cystine urinary calculi]. / Étude in vitro de l'activité litholytique de quatre plantes médicinales vis-à-vis des calculs urinaires de cystine.

INTRODUCTION: cystine stones represent 1% of urinary calculi in adults and 10% in children and are especially recurrent and resistant to ESWL. Medical therapy is often efficient but often poorly tolerated. In Morocco, various plants, Herniaria hirsuta, Opuntia ficus-indica, Zea mays and Ammi visnaga are proposed against nephrolithiasis. We assessed the effect of plant extracts on the disolution of cystine stones in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHOD: an extract of each plant was prepared by infusion of two grams of powdered plants during 30 minutes in 100ml of a boiled NaCl 9 g/L aqueous solution. Each extract was then filtered and thereafter set in a flask containing a cystine stone. The medium was maintained under stirring during 8 weeks. NaCl 9 g/L solution and sodium citrate 3 mmol/L solution were used as controls. At the end of each two weeks period, the stone was removed from the experimental medium and weighted after a 16h drying period at 40°C. RESULTS: after 8 weeks of experiment, stone dissolution was complete for all herbal extracts, and was earlier in the presence of Zea mays (4 weeks) or of Ammi visnaga (6 weeks) by comparison to only 18 ± 8 and 20 ± 1.5 % for citrate and NaCl solutions, respectively. CONCLUSION: the studied herbal extracts were efficient for dissolving cystine stones, probably resulting from the formation of complexes between cystine and polyhydroxylated molecules present in the extracts. These results, to be confirmed in vivo, underline the potential interest of the plant extracts to treat cystine stones.

[Acute meningomyelitis and polyradiculoneuritis disclosing systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Méningomyélite et polyradiculonévrite aiguës révélant un lupus érythémateux disséminé

A 25-year-old male presented purulent meningitis associated with transverse myelitis. Spinal T2-weighted MRI showed a large spinal cord with an intramedullary high signal. Infection resolved with antibiotic therapy but spastic paraplegia persisted. Four months later, he developed a Guillain-Barré syndrome with clinical and biological signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Final outcome was fatal despite corticosteroid and immunoglobulin treatment.

[Survey of anesthesia practice in Morocco]. / Enquête sur la pratique de l'anesthésie au Maroc.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate qualitatively and quantitatively the anaesthetic activity in Morocco to identify of the priorities and the norm to recommend. STUDY DESIGN: The investigation was realised from July 1999 to December 1999. It lasted seven days from Tuesday 8 PM to the following Tuesday 8 PM. A questionnaire was addressed to each hospital. One responsible has been chosen for each city. Data has been processed using the programming languages Microsoft Visual Basic. SETTING: All Moroccan's hospitals practicing anaesthesia: university hospitals (UH), public hospitals (PH), and private sector (PS). PATIENTS: All anaesthetic procedures realised by an anaesthetists; anaesthesia in medical office or dental surgery was excluded. RESULTS: An inventory of 2,630 anaesthesia was made. Anaesthesia distribution according to the type of hospitals was the same; PH = 35.7%, UH = 34.3% and PS = 29.96%. The preanaesthetic consultation was achieved in 47% of cases. Premedication was done in 28.5% of cases. General anaesthesia represented 3/4 of total anaesthesia. Thiopental was the drug the more frequently used. Gallamine and pethidine were still used in PH. Locoregional anaesthesia was realised in only 15% of cases. Electrocardioscopic surveillance not constant (65%), capnography almost absent in PH, pulse oximetry used in UH and PS. Ambulatory anaesthesia was used in 20% and emergency surgery in 30% of cases. CONCLUSION: Questioning about the Moroccan practice of anaesthesia is raised by this survey mostly because of drugs and monitoring use.