ABSTRACT
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of plasma from a patient’s blood containing platelets up to 7 times higher than normal plasma. Originally indicated to improve connective tissue regeneration in orthopedic surgery, PRP has also proven to be advantageous in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata (AA), and other forms of non-scarring alopecia.
Subject(s)
Alopecia Areata , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Alopecia/etiology , Alopecia/therapy , Alopecia Areata/etiology , Alopecia Areata/therapy , Cicatrix/etiology , Cicatrix/therapy , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/therapy , Transplantation, AutologousABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are on the rise. To meet this rising demand, increasing numbers of physicians and nonphysicians are performing these procedures. Understanding malpractice trends and reasons for litigation in cosmetic medicine is important to establish safeguards for patient care and minimize liability. OBJECTIVE: Perform a comprehensive review of the literature on litigation associated with minimally invasive cosmetic procedures and discuss strategies to avoid facing a lawsuit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched PubMed databases using a variety of keywords to identify studies of lawsuits arising from minimally invasive cosmetic procedures through December 2020. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies of litigation meeting inclusion criteria were identified: botulinum toxin (1), soft tissue fillers (3), lasers (5), body contouring/liposuction (1), chemical peels/dermabrasion (1), and sclerotherapy (1). Principle factors associated with litigation included negligence, lack of informed consent, vicarious liability for action of delegates, lack of communication, poor cosmetic result, failure to inform of risks, inappropriate treatment or dose, and failure to recognize or treat injury. CONCLUSION: Understanding malpractice trends and reasons for litigation in minimally invasive cosmetic procedures can strengthen the patient-provider relationship, establish safeguards for patient care, and may minimize future risk of a lawsuit.
Subject(s)
Cosmetics/legislation & jurisprudence , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Plastic Surgery Procedures/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Advertising , Cosmetic Techniques , Cultural Diversity , Ethnicity , Body Image , Female , Humans , Male , Photography , United StatesABSTRACT
Melasma is a commonly acquired condition that mostly affects women with Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI with prominent brown pigmentation with or without an underlying erythema. Despite multiple treatment options, melasma can be challenging given its chronic and relapsing nature. The objective of this article is to review the quality of life impact of melasma and offer suggestions for enhancing the melasma specific quality of life scale. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(2)184-187. doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.4663
Subject(s)
Melanosis/psychology , Quality of Life , Humans , Melanosis/pathology , Melanosis/therapyABSTRACT
Aquaporin- (AQP) 3, a water and glycerol channel, plays an important role in epidermal function, with studies showing its involvement in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration and in epidermal wound healing and barrier repair. Increasing speculation about the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to treat skin diseases led us to investigate HDAC's role in the regulation of AQP3. The broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induced AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in normal keratinocytes. The SAHA-induced increase in AQP3 levels resulted in enhanced [3H]glycerol uptake in normal but not in AQP3-knockout keratinocytes, confirming that the expressed AQP3 was functional. Use of HDAC inhibitors with different specificities limited our exploration of the responsible HDAC member to HDAC1, HDAC2, or HDAC3. Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown and overexpression of HDAC3 suggested a role for HDAC3 in suppressing AQP3 expression basally. Further investigation implicated p53 as a transcription factor involved in regulating HDAC inhibitor-induced AQP3 expression. Thus, our study supports the regulation of AQP3 expression by HDAC3 and p53. Because suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid is already approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it could potentially be used as a therapy for skin diseases like psoriasis, where AQP3 is abnormally expressed.
