Linking Perfectionism with Moral Behaviors in Sport: The Mediating Role of Burnout and Moral Disengagement.

Purpose: Research has identified a range of intrapersonal variables associated with moral behaviors in sport. However, research investigating how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport has received scant attention. In the present study, we address this issue by examining whether perfectionism is associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport directly and indirectly via burnout and moral disengagement. Method: A total of 312 team sport players completed validated measures for each variable. Results: Path analyses revealed that perfectionistic concerns had a negative relationship with prosocial behavior toward teammates and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward both teammates and opponents via being positively associated with burnout, which in turn, was positively associated with moral disengagement. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings had a positive association with prosocial behavior toward teammates, and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents via moral disengagement. Conclusion: Our findings offer new insights into how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, as well as highlight the need to consider perfectionistic tendencies and approaches to help reduce burnout and moral disengagement in the regulation of antisocial behavior in sport.

Psychological support within tier 2 adult weight management services, are we doing enough for people with mental health needs? A mixed-methods survey.

Depression and obesity are two of the most highly prevalent global public health concerns. Obesity and poor mental health are strongly associated, and it is likely that mental health needs are common in people seeking weight management services. The aim was to identify what psychological support is provided and required in tier 2 adult weight management services (T2 WMS). Online survey was conducted: quantitative data were summarized, and open-ended free-text questions were coded and thematically analysed. Participants were current or recent service users with self-reported mental health needs (n = 27), commissioners (n = 9) or providers (n = 17). Over half of service users did not feel their mental health needs were met and 60% said they would like additional psychological support within T2 WMS. Findings highlight the lack of psychological and emotional support. Psychological support and behaviour change techniques are conflated, with a lack of clear understanding or definition of what psychological support is, either between or within service users, providers, and commissioners. Moving towards more person-centred care, better identification and triaging of those living with mental health issues, together with improved resources and training of providers, is crucial to improve outcomes for people living with obesity and poor mental health.

APPetite: Validation of a smartphone app-based tool for the remote measure of free-living subjective appetite.

This study determined the validity, reproducibility and usability of a smartphone app - APPetite - for the measure of free-living, subjective appetite. Validity was assessed compared with the criterion tool of pen-and-paper visual analogue scale (VAS) (n=22). Appetite was recorded using APPetite and VAS, one immediately after the other, upon waking and every hour thereafter for twelve hours. This was repeated the next day with the order of tool reversed. Agreement between tools was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Reproducibility and usability were assessed in a separate experiment (n=22) of two trials (APPetite vs. VAS), separated by seven days. Appetite was recorded in duplicate upon waking and every hour for twelve hours using APPetite or VAS. Agreement between duplicate measures was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis and coefficient of variation (CV) was compared between tools. Usability was assessed by comparing compliance and by qualitative evaluation. APPetite demonstrated good criterion validity with trivial bias of 1.65 units/mm·hr-1 between APPetite- and VAS-derived AUC appetite scores. Limits of agreement were within a maximum allowed difference of 10%. However, proportional bias was observed. APPetite demonstrated high reproducibility, with minimal bias (-0.578 units·hr-1) and no difference in CV between APPetite and VAS (1.29±1.42% vs 1.54±2.36%, p = 0.64). Compliance was high with APPetite (92.7±8.0%) and VAS (91.6±20.4%, p = 0.81). Ninety percent of participants preferred APPetite, citing greater accessibility, simplified process and easier/quicker use. While proportional bias precludes using APPetite and VAS interchangeably, APPetite appears a valid, reproducible and highly usable tool for measuring free-living appetite in young-to-middle-aged adults.

Correction: Kaiseler, M., et al. The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study. Sports 2019, 7(5), 112.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...].

The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study.

UK military personnel have faced increased demands over the last three decades; these have affected their wellbeing and caused multiple physical and mental health problems. Currently, bespoke rehabilitation systems may recommend participation in sports programmes. Although research attention has been drawn to the short-term positive effects of these programmes, their long-term impact on psychological wellbeing is unknown. To address this gap, the current study explored the long-term impact of a sports programme on UK military personnel's ability to make changes in their day-to-day life through the lens of psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, UK military personnel (n = 97) completed an online survey aiming to provide a quantitative and qualitative picture of their experiences of an outdoor and adventure sports programme, underpinned by the basic psychological needs theory, six months following completion. Findings suggest that 75% of respondents found that the course was useful for facilitating adaptive changes. Content analysis suggests that elements of the course seem to satisfy their basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Activities initiated six months after the course are mostly aligned with improved psychological wellbeing. Useful theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

Type D personality, stress, coping and performance on a novel sport task.

We investigated (1) the relationship between Type D personality, stress intensity appraisal of a self-selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness and (2) the relationship between Type D personality and performance. In study one, 482 athletes completed the Type D personality questionnaire (DS14), stress thermometer and MCOPE in relation to a recently experienced sport stressor. Type D was associated with increased levels of perceived stress and selection of coping strategies (more emotion and avoidance coping) as well as perceptions of their effectiveness. In study two, 32 participants completed a rugby league circuit task and were assessed on pre-performance anxiety, post-performance affect and coping. Type D was associated with poorer performance (reduced distance; more errors), decreases in pre-performance self-confidence and more use of maladaptive resignation/withdrawal coping. Findings suggest that Type D is associated with maladaptive coping and reduced performance. Type D individuals would benefit from interventions related to mood modification or enhancing interpersonal functioning.

Wearable Biomonitoring Platform for the Assessment of Stress and its Impact on Cognitive Performance of Firefighters: An Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Stress is a complex process with an impact on health and performance. The use of wearable sensor-based monitoring systems offers interesting opportunities for advanced health care solutions for stress analysis. Considering the stressful nature of firefighting and its importance for the community's safety, this study was conducted for firefighters. OBJECTIVES: A biomonitoring platform was designed, integrating different biomedical systems to enable the acquisition of real time Electrocardiogram (ECG), computation of linear Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features and collection of perceived stress levels. This platform was tested using an experimental protocol, designed to understand the effect of stress on firefighter's cognitive performance, and whether this effect is related to the autonomic response to stress. METHOD: The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used as a testing platform along with a 2-Choice Reaction Time Task. Linear HRV features from the participants were acquired using an wearable ECG. Self-reports were used to assess perceived stress levels. RESULTS: The TSST produced significant changes in some HRV parameters (AVNN, SDNN and LF/HF) and subjective measures of stress, which recovered after the stress task. Although these short-term changes in HRV showed a tendency to normalize, an impairment on cognitive performance was found after performing the stress event. CONCLUSION: Current findings suggested that stress compromised cognitive performance and caused a measurable change in autonomic balance. Our wearable biomonitoring platform proved to be a useful tool for stress assessment and quantification. Future studies will implement this biomonitoring platform for the analysis of stress in ecological settings.

Stress appraisal, coping, and work engagement among police recruits: an exploratory study.

This study investigated the influence of stress appraisal and coping on work engagement levels (Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication) of police recruits. Participants were 387 men, ages 20 to 33 yr. (M = 24.1, SD = 2.4), in their last month of academy training before becoming police officers. Partially in support of predictions, work engagement was associated with Stressor control perceived, but not Stress intensity experienced over a self-selected stressor. Although the three dimensions of work engagement were explained by Stressor control and coping, Absorption was the dimension better explained by these variables. Police recruits reporting higher Absorption, Vigour, and Dedication reported using more Active coping and less Behavioural disengagement. Results showed that stress appraisal and coping are important variables influencing work engagement among police recruits. Findings suggested that future applied interventions fostering work engagement among police recruits should reinforce perceptions of control over a stressor as well as Active coping strategies.

Hardiness and Burnout Syndrome: a cross-cultural study among portuguese and brazilian nurses / Hardiness e Sindrome de Burnout: um estudo transcultural entre enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros / Hardiness y el Síndrome de Burnout: un estudio transcultural con enfermeros portugueses y brasileños

This cross-cultural study investigated and compared the influence of hardiness in burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Personal Views Survey (PVS). The sample consisted of 630 nurses working in hospitals (394 Portuguese, 236 Brazilians). The statistical analysis using multiple linear regression showed that hardiness is a personality trait that explains burnout, presenting different predictive models for each sample. Results suggested that overall work characteristics and work settings of Portuguese and Brazilian nurses explained the differences found between the samples. Findings suggested that future applied interventions aiming to reduce burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, should contemplate different hardiness dimensions.(AU)

Estudo transcultural que buscou explorar a influência do hardiness nas dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros, avaliados através do Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (MBI-HSS) e do Personal Views Survey (PVS). A amostra foi constituída por 630 enfermeiros (394 Portugueses, 236 Brasileiros) que exerciam as suas funções no contexto hospitalar. Os resultados, obtidos por meio de análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, indicam que hardiness, enquanto traço de personalidade, explica de forma significativa a Síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros, revelando diferenças nos modelos preditivos de acordo com a nacionalidade. As evidências encontradas sugerem a importância das características do trabalho e do contexto laboral na explicação das diferenças encontradas em ambas as amostras. Os resultados sugerem que intervenções para reduzir o burnout dos enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros devem contemplar as diferentes dimensões do hardiness.(AU)

Se trata de un estudio transcultural que busca explorar la influencia del hardiness en las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout en enfermeras brasileñas y portuguesas, evaluados con el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (MBI-HSS) e do Personal Views Survey (PVS). La muestra fue constituida por 630 enfermeras (394 portugueses, 236 brasileños) que trabajavan en el contexto hospitalario. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple indican que el hardiness, como un rasgo de la personalidad, explica significativamente el síndrome de burnout en enfermeras, mostrando diferencias significativas en los modelos de predicción de acuerdo con la nacionalidad. La evidencia destaca la importancia de las características del trabajo y el contexto de para explicar las diferencias encontradas en ambas muestras. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones para reducir el burnout en enfermeros portugueses y brasileños deben tener en cuenta las diferentes dimensiones de hardiness.(AU)

Hardiness and Burnout Syndrome: a cross-cultural study among portuguese and brazilian nurses / Hardiness e Sindrome de Burnout: um estudo transcultural entre enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros / Hardiness y el Síndrome de Burnout: un estudio transcultural con enfermeros portugueses y brasileños

This cross-cultural study investigated and compared the influence of hardiness in burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Personal Views Survey (PVS). The sample consisted of 630 nurses working in hospitals (394 Portuguese, 236 Brazilians). The statistical analysis using multiple linear regression showed that hardiness is a personality trait that explains burnout, presenting different predictive models for each sample. Results suggested that overall work characteristics and work settings of Portuguese and Brazilian nurses explained the differences found between the samples. Findings suggested that future applied interventions aiming to reduce burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, should contemplate different hardiness dimensions.

Estudo transcultural que buscou explorar a influência do hardiness nas dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros, avaliados através do Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (MBI-HSS) e do Personal Views Survey (PVS). A amostra foi constituída por 630 enfermeiros (394 Portugueses, 236 Brasileiros) que exerciam as suas funções no contexto hospitalar. Os resultados, obtidos por meio de análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, indicam que hardiness, enquanto traço de personalidade, explica de forma significativa a Síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros, revelando diferenças nos modelos preditivos de acordo com a nacionalidade. As evidências encontradas sugerem a importância das características do trabalho e do contexto laboral na explicação das diferenças encontradas em ambas as amostras. Os resultados sugerem que intervenções para reduzir o burnout dos enfermeiros portugueses e brasileiros devem contemplar as diferentes dimensões do hardiness.

Se trata de un estudio transcultural que busca explorar la influencia del hardiness en las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout en enfermeras brasileñas y portuguesas, evaluados con el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (MBI-HSS) e do Personal Views Survey (PVS). La muestra fue constituida por 630 enfermeras (394 portugueses, 236 brasileños) que trabajavan en el contexto hospitalario. Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple indican que el hardiness, como un rasgo de la personalidad, explica significativamente el síndrome de burnout en enfermeras, mostrando diferencias significativas en los modelos de predicción de acuerdo con la nacionalidad. La evidencia destaca la importancia de las características del trabajo y el contexto de para explicar las diferencias encontradas en ambas muestras. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones para reducir el burnout en enfermeros portugueses y brasileños deben tener en cuenta las diferentes dimensiones de hardiness.

Predictors of burnout among nurses: An interactionist approach / Predictores de Burnout en enfermeras: un enfoque interaccionista

Background: Nurses’ practice involves working in complex organizational settings and facing multiple stressors over time that can lead to burnout. This study aimed to identify predictors of burnout among nurses working in hospitals. Method: A sample of 1,157 participants from four hospitals in the city of Porto (Portugal) was investigated (78% women, mean age = 34.7 years) using socio-demographic and work variable questionnaires, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), Personal Views Survey (PVS), Job Satisfaction Scale (S20/23), and Survey Work-Home Interaction - NijmeGen (SWING). Results: Multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses (stepwise method) showed that gender, age, years of experience at work, working in more than one institution, being involved in management positions, job satisfaction, hardiness, and experience of work-home and home-work interaction, seem to be predictors of burnout among nurses. Conclusions: This study adds support to the interactionist approach to burnout. In other words, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between several factors such as socio-demographic, work, and personality factors to understand burnout. Additionally, these findings should be taken into account when designing burnout prevention programs for nurses working in hospitals (AU)

Antecedentes: la práctica de enfermería implica trabajar en organizaciones complejas y enfrentar estresores múltiples que pueden llevar al síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout). El presente estudio pretende identificar predictores del burnout en enfermeras que trabajan en hospitales. Método: la muestra estuvo formada por 1.157 profesionales de enfermería trabajadores de cuatro hospitales de Porto (Portugal), siendo 78% mujeres (media de edad= 34,7 años). Se utilizó un cuestionario para recoger variables sociodemográficas y laborales, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), Personal Views Survey (PVS), Job Satisfaction Scale (S20/23) y Survey Work-Home Interaction - NijmeGen (SWING). Resultados: el análisis de regresión linear jerárquica múltiple (stepwise method) mostró que el género, edad, años de trabajo, trabajar en más de una institución, participar en puestos de dirección, satisfacción laboral, personalidad resistente e interacción trabajo-familia son los principales predictores del burnout entre enfermeras. Conclusiones: este estudio apoya el enfoque interaccionista del burnout, siendo importante investigar la relación entre los factores sociodemográficos, laborales y de la personalidad para entender mejor el burnout. Además, estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta para el diseño de programas de prevención de burnout para las enfermeras que trabajan en hospitales (AU)

Predictors of burnout among nurses: an interactionist approach.

BACKGROUND: Nurses' practice involves working in complex organizational settings and facing multiple stressors over time that can lead to burnout. This study aimed to identify predictors of burnout among nurses working in hospitals. METHOD: A sample of 1,157 participants from four hospitals in the city of Porto (Portugal) was investigated (78% women, mean age = 34.7 years) using socio-demographic and work variable questionnaires, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), Personal Views Survey (PVS), Job Satisfaction Scale (S20/23), and Survey Work-Home Interaction - NijmeGen (SWING). RESULTS: Multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses (stepwise method) showed that gender, age, years of experience at work, working in more than one institution, being involved in management positions, job satisfaction, hardiness, and experience of work-home and home-work interaction, seem to be predictors of burnout among nurses. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds support to the interactionist approach to burnout. In other words, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between several factors such as socio-demographic, work, and personality factors to understand burnout. Additionally, these findings should be taken into account when designing burnout prevention programs for nurses working in hospitals.