[Food poisoning outbreak caused by Salmonella Enteritidis in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil]. / Surto alimentar por Salmonella Enteritidis no Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

A foodborne outbreak which affected 211 persons occurred, in a School, in 1993. The epidemiological data obtained by interviewing the affected and non affected persons sampled showed as predominant symptoms: diarrhoea, fever (77.7%), abdominal cramps (67.7%), vomiting (65.8%), hot-and-cold sensations (54.5%) and headache (44.5%). The median incubation period was of 17 hours, the limits being 3 and 29 hours. The disease period was of from 3 to 4 days. The food concerned was a kind of paté, a mayonnaise mixture prepared with fresh eggs with boiled potatoes that was consumed with bread. The biological material analysis-3 coprocultures, and leftovers of the food revealed the presence of one and the same organism: Salmonella Enteritidis. In the food, the numbers of this bacterium per gram were sufficient to account for the manifestation of the disease (10(4) and 10(5)g). The antibiogram of all th isolates showed the same sensibility pattern. The preparation related to this outbreak suggests the endogenous contamination of the eggs; the cross contamination-the outbreak affected three school periods, as the food was prepared separately for each school period; and the conditions under which the food was kept during the time from preparation to consumption. The observation of the 3 food handlers, by successive coprocultures, for one week, indicates that they were not asymptomatic carriers nor were they affected as a result of this outbreak by the causal bacteria.

Surto alimentar por Salmonella Enteritidis no Noroeste do Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil / Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis in northwest of S. Paulo State, Brazil

Em 1993 ocorreu um surto alimentar em escola, com 211 afetados. Os dados epidemiológicos levantados por entrevista de amostragem de afetados e näo afetados mostraram que os sintomas predominantes foram diarréia, febre (77,7 porcento), dor abdominal (67,7 porcento) e vômito (65,8 porcento), calafrios (54,5 porcento) e cefaléia (44,5 porcento). A mediana de incubaçäo foi de 17 horas, com limites entre 3 e 29 horas. A duraçäo da doença foi de 3 a 4 dias. O alimento consumido foi um tipo de patê, mistura de molho de maionese preparada com ovos crus com batata cozida, passado em päo. A análise de material biológico (3 coproculturas) e de restos de alimentos, revelou a presença do mesmo microorganismo, a Salmonella Enteritidis. No caso dos alimentos, o núnero encontrado desta bactéria por gramo de produto era compatível com a quantidade de células necessária para desencadear a doença (10*4 e 10*5/g). O antibiograma de todas as cepas isoladas revelou o mesmo padräo de sensibilidade. As falhas no preparo de alimento relacionadas com o levantamento indicam a possibilidade de contaminaçäo endógena dos ovos; contaminaçäo cruzada - o surto afetou três períodos escolares, sendo que para cada um o alimento foi preparado em separado - e as condiçöes de manutençäo do alimento após preparo e até o consumo. A observaçäo por uma semana seguida das 3 merendeiras envolvidas, através de coprocultura, näo indicaram que as mesmas fossem portadoras assintomáticas desta bactéria ou que tivessem sido envolvidas no surto em questäo

Inbreeding effect on morbidity: IV. Further data in Brazilian populations.

The analysis of the data on 5677 children of 1063 couples from a fourth sample of consanguineous and nonconsanguineous marriages among whites and nonwhites living in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil led to the following estimates: B (number of abnormal equivalents per gamete) around 0.5; A (morbidity in the non-inbred subsamples) 2-3 percent; B/A 13, 15, and 27 (this suggests that the morbidity disclosed by inbreeding may predominantly represent a mutational load); RR (relative risk) about 2 (this means that among the children of consanguineous marriages there is about double the frequency of abnormalities than in those with nonconsanguineous marriages); AR (attributable risk) for the whole sample about 7% (5% for nonwhites and 15% for whites). These last values show the amount that the frequency of abnormalities would decrease in the population if the risk factor (consanguineous marriages) would be eliminated. AR is higher in whites because the frequency of the risk factor is higher among whites.