ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis-induced coronary heart disease - caused by elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and inflammation - is one of the most prevalent diseases. Monounsaturated fatty acids are reported to prevent atherosclerosis; emu oil is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acid, and we hypothesize that emu oil supplementation could lower inflammation and prevent atherosclerosis in diet-induced obese (DIO) animals. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6), and fed with normal diet (chow pellet; ND), or with cafeteria diet (CD), or with CD along with emu oil supplementation at three different doses: ED1 (2 mL), ED2 (4 mL) and ED3 (8 mL) kg(-1) body weight (BW), respectively. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and serum was analysed for measuring lipid profile, C-reactive proteins, testosterone and luteinizing hormone. Histopathological studies were performed to observe atherogenic changes in thoracic aorta. Restoration of altered lipid and hormonal profiles, and inhibition of atherogenic changes in thoracic aorta, were observed with supplementation of emu oil, confirming its anti-atherosclerotic activity. CONCLUSION: The high content of oleic acid in emu oil could have orchestrated - either solely or in combination with linoleic and linolenic acids - causing the upregulation of testosterone biosynthesis and inhibition of atheromatous plaque formation in diet-induced obese animals. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/therapeutic use , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Obesity/physiopathology , Oils/therapeutic use , Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/immunology , Aorta, Thoracic/pathology , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Diet, Atherogenic/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/economics , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/economics , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypolipidemic Agents/economics , India , Lipids/blood , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Male , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/immunology , Obesity/pathology , Oils/administration & dosage , Oils/economics , Oleic Acid/administration & dosage , Oleic Acid/economics , Oleic Acid/therapeutic use , Pilot Projects , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/prevention & control , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Testosterone/bloodABSTRACT
This research describes green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Leucas aspera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasmon optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). UV-vis analysis proved the wavelength of the sample to be 429 nm, resembling the surface resonance peak (SPR) specific for AgNPs. DLS analysis indicated particles with superior stability with an average diameter of 189.3 nm. TEM results showed that the particles were in the size range of 29-45 nm. FTIR prediction indicated the presence of possible polyphenol and protein encapsulates on the AgNPs. Antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was tested against Aeromonas hydrophila. Catla catla, the model organism used for the experiment was divided into six groups with 15 animals in each group. In vivo analysis of biochemical parameters and histological architecture provided evidence for the antibacterial effect of AgNPs in the fish model.
Subject(s)
Aeromonas hydrophila/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carps/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Silver/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Particle Size , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Silver/chemistry , Silver/metabolism , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Ficus religiosa leaf extract was chosen as a reducing agent to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly process with the aim of treating Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) in mice model. The formation of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible analysis (UV-vis), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential analyses. A peak at 431nm indicated the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. FTIR studies indicated polyphenols and proteins as possible encapsulates. TEM analysis showed particles size in the range of 5-35nm. Healthy Swiss Albino mice (30-35g) were intraperitoneally induced with DAL cells and treated with F. religiosa derived AgNPs at a dose of 50µg/ml. Blood and liver tissues were collected subsequent to dissection and subjected to hematological, biochemical and anticancer assays. Hematological and biochemical analyses revealed revival after treating with F. religiosa derived AgNPs. Antioxidant activity results further proved supportive evidence. The apoptosis inducing effect of AgNPs was observed through acridine orange staining (AO and EB) and DNA fragmentation assay. Anti- angiogenic activity was confirmed by observing vessel development. All these observations indicate that the AgNPs were effective in treatment of DAL.
