[Is this iatrogenic pathology or rare disease?] / Yatrogennaya patologiya ili redkaya bolezn'?

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosis and treatment strategy of Buerger's disease rarely found in the expert and clinical practice, that is inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, affecting mainly small and medium arteries and veins of limbs. Vascular surgeons around the world have been solving this problem for many years, both in terms of timely diagnosis of this disease and its proper pathogenic treatment. The authors of the article described an expert case of Buerger's disease larvated course in 15-years-old girl, which primarily was mistakenly assessed by specialists as iatrogenic pathology of right forearm vessels in injecting aminazin solution that, according to the clinicians' opinion, led to dry gangrene formation of right wrist and its subsequent amputation. The results of the forensic histological study and retrospective analysis of all child's medical documents allowed to correctly diagnose this rare pathology but only on the stage of commission forensic medical examination in the framework of the initiated criminal proceeding against several leading medical organizations in Saint-Petersburg with a pediatric profile. The authors noted the role of routine medical manipulation in manifestation of larvated pathologic process in a teenage girl in addition to full health and well-being. The objective of present article is devoted to understanding this problem.

[100th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Vsevolodovich Zinserling]. / 100 let so dnya rozhdeniya Aleksandra Vsevolodovicha Tsinzerlinga.

In December 2022, the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University solemnly celebrated its 90th anniversary. At the meeting of the city scientific society of pathologists, dedicated to this event, the staff of the department, fellow professors, members of the society, as well as clinicians and invited guests, recalled the brilliant scientists-pathologists who led the specified department in different years. One of these scientists, who headed the department in 1965-1992, was a well-known scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. A.V. Zinzerling (1923-1995).

[To the 90th anniversary of the department of pathological anatomy with a course of forensic medicine named after professor D.D.Lokhov of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University]. / K 90-letiyu kafedry patologicheskoi anatomii s kursom sudebnoi meditsiny im. professora D.D. Lokhova Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pediatricheskogo meditsinskogo universiteta.

The article is devoted to the history of Professor D.D. Lokhov Department of Pathological Anatomy with a course of forensic medicine of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, founded by one of founders of the national pathological anatomy of childhood and adolescence, Professor D.D. Lokhov, whose name has been awarded to the Department since 2022. The updated advances of the Department in research, teaching and diagnostic activity are presented.

[Repair stimulator alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in the complex therapy of chronic atrophic gastritis: results of histological examination]. / Stimulyator reparatsii al'fa-glutamil-triptofan v kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskogo atroficheskogo gastrita: rezul'taty gistologicheskogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the repair stimulator alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan on the morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the expression of CXCL-12 and CDX-2 in chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biopsy samples of 116 patients with a verified diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori were analyzed in a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. During the morphological study, the parameters characterizing the process of atrophy were evaluated: the number of glands per 1 mm2 of the gastric mucosa, the depth of the gastric mucosa glands, the number of parietal cells per 100 epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, and the presence of signs of intestinal metaplasia. Primary antibodies Anti-CXCL-12 (MA5-23759) and Anti-CDX-2 (EP25) were used to set up immunohistochemical reactions to verify the expression of CXCL-12 and CDX-2. RESULTS: In patients taking the studied drug, a statistically significant increase in the number of glands per 1 mm2 of the gastric mucosa was revealed when compared with the initial screening indicators by 26.1% (p=0.028) and with the placebo group (p=0.026), a tendency to decrease the signs of intestinal metaplasia was determined. There was a statistically significant increase in the expression in the relative area of CXCL-12 expression in patients taking placebo when compared with the parameters of the initial data (p=0.045) and the absence of statistically significant changes in the main group. A statistically significant increase in the relative area of the CDX-2 expression was revealed in the group taking alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in comparison with the baseline data (p=0.015), no statistically significant dynamics of this indicator was found in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant positive effect of the study drug on regenerative mechanisms leading to stabilization and/or improvement of the histological picture in the atrophic area of the gastric mucosa was found in comparison with the control of the initial state and with placebo. The results of an immunohistochemical study to increase CDX-2 expression while taking the study drug can also be regarded as an indicator of improvement in reparative processes.

[Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia as a factor in sudden cardiac death in young adults]. / Fibromuskulyarnaya displaziya arterii ­ odin iz faktorov vnezapnoi serdechnoi smerti lits molodogo vozrasta.

The objective of the study is to consider the problem of diagnostics of a rare vasculopathy, fibromuscular dysplasia of coronary arteries, by the case study of a 19-year-old serviceman, an athlete with sudden death occurred during slight physical exertion. After repeated histological examination as part of the forensic medical examination, the diagnosis was made: «multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia of the coronary arteries and ascending aortic arch, complicated by acute left ventricular failure.¼ This disease often manifests with the acute coronary syndrome in people of young age. Therefore, special attention was given to the macroscopic and histological features of fibromuscular dysplasia of arteries.

[The functional activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood in association with the toxic effect of household gas].

The objective of the present work was to study the population composition and functional activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood of the rats exposed experimentally to the toxic effect of household gas. The study included the morphofunctional examination of the state of the immune organs and the immunological investigation of the population composition and functional activity of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the experimental animals. We also evaluated the activity of nucleic acids, NADH2-dehydrogenase, and 5'-nucleotidase. The study revealed the relationship between the pathological and histochemical changes and the shifts in the population composition and functional activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood of the rats. Specifically, the action of household gas induced by the profound inhibition of the proliferative activity of the lymphocytes, enhanced the suppressive activity of the immunoregulatory cells (T-suppressors), and altered the population composition of the effector cells in the spleen and peripheral blood. It is concluded that the impairment of the functional activity of T-lymphocytes under the influence of household gas should be attributed not only to its direct toxic action but also to the increased activity of T-suppressors.