Genetic affinities of the Jewish populations of India.

Due to the lack of written records or inscription, the origin and affiliation of Indian Jewish populations with other world populations remain contentious. Previous genetic studies have found evidence for a minor shared ancestry of Indian Jewish with Middle Eastern (Jewish) populations. However, these studies (relied on limited individuals), haven't explored the detailed temporal and spatial admixture process of Indian Jewish populations with the local Indian populations. Here, using large sample size with combination of high resolution biparental (autosomal) and uniparental markers (Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA), we reconstructed genetic history of Indian Jewish by investigating the patterns of genetic diversity. Consistent with the previous observations, we detected minor Middle Eastern specific ancestry component among Indian Jewish communities, but virtually negligible in their local neighbouring Indian populations. The temporal test of admixture suggested that the first admixture of migrant Jewish populations from Middle East to South India (Cochin) occurred during fifth century. Overall, we concluded that the Jewish migration and admixture in India left a record in their genomes, which can link them to the 'Jewish Diaspora'.

Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: acardiac-acephalic twin - a case report

Acardiac-acephalic twin is one of the bizarre complications of monozygotic, monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is commonly referred to as Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) sequence, in which the primary malformation is the lack of a well-defined cardiac structure in one twin (acardiac), which is kept alive by its structurally normal co-twin (pump twin) through abnormal placental vascular anastomosis. The anomalous twin appears as a heterogenous mass simulating a teratoma, with absence of head, neck and upper limbs. Thoracic organs are either absent or underdeveloped. The majority of the acardiac twins are of female sex and have no chance of survival, and more than 50% of the fetuses have some chromosomal anomalies. The perinatal mortality rate of pump twin may be as high as 50 - 75%, mainly due to polyhydramnios, preterm labor and high-output cardiac failure. The diagnosis of the TRAP sequence can be established as early as 9th week by regular gray-scale ultrasonography and transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography. Assessment of extent of cardiac failure in the pump fetus and timing of the delivery are the key factors in the pregnancy management and in the survival of the normal co-twin. The majority of the pregnancies are managed conservatively, but in a minority group a minimally invasive procedure was needed to arrest the vascular anastomosis to improve the outcome of pump twins. The case presented here reports on an acardiac-acephalic twin; it describes variable clinical presentations, pathophysiology and treatment modalities. It also reviews pertinent literature

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