Molecular modeling study on the water-electrode surface interaction in hydrovoltaic energy.

The global energy problem caused by the decrease in fossil fuel sources, which have negative effects on human health and the environment, has made it necessary to research alternative energy sources. Renewable energy sources are more advantageous than fossil fuels because they are unlimited in quantity, do not cause great harm to the environment, are safe, and create economic value by reducing foreign dependency because they are obtained from natural resources. With nanotechnology, which enables the development of different technologies to meet energy needs, low-cost and environmentally friendly systems with high energy conversion efficiency are developed. Renewable energy production studies have focused on the development of hydrovoltaic technologies, in which electrical energy is produced by making use of the evaporation of natural water, which is the most abundant in the world. By using nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, hydrovoltaic technology provides systems with high energy conversion performance and low cost, which can directly convert the thermal energy resulting from the evaporation of water into electrical energy. The effect of the presence of water on the generation of energy via the interactions between the ion(s) and the liquid-solid surface can be enlightened by the mechanism of the hydovoltaic effect. Here, we simply try to get some tricky information underlying the hydrovoltaic effect by using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) computations. Namely, the physicochemical and electronic properties of the graphene surface with a water molecule were investigated, and how/how much these quantities (or parameters) changed in case of the water molecule contained an equal number of charges were analyzed. In these computations, an excess of both positive charge and negative charge, and also a neutral environment was considered by using the Na+, Cl-, and NaCl salt, respectively.

PROJECT STAR (Midwestern Prevention Project): Overview.

The program designed to prevent substance use should be planned in multiple dimensions. One of these programs is Project Star. This study aims to evaluate the studies on the Project Star and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program. For this purpose, the keywords "Project Star" and "Midwestern Prevention Project" were scanned from databases. The results of these studies were evaluated by giving a summary of the studies included in the study. As a result, the strengths of Project Star are that it is multidimensional, focuses on early development periods, includes the individual's ecological environment, and reduces substance use in later development periods, and not having an internet-based version. This situation has been identified as its weaknesses since its situation in other societies is unknown due to its cost and limited international applications.

Synthesis and characterization Bi2O2S thin film via chemical bath deposition at low pH.

Bismuth oxysulfide thin film was prepared using Bi(NO3)3 and Na2S as reactive. Since bismuth in the form of bismuth oxide is dissolved into water, bismuth and sulfide concentration of the chemical bath is very important. Bismuth oxysulfide (Bi2O2S) thin films were produced below pH2. Tested bismuth and sulfide concentrations are as follows: 2×10(-1)M, 2×10(-2)M, 2×10(-3)M, 2×10(-4)M bismuth and 1×10(-1)M, 1×10(-2)M, 1×10(-3)M, 1×10(-4)M sulfide. The structure of the films was examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical properties, such as transmission and absorbance were measured with Ultra violet-visible spectrum, and then refractive index and reflectivity were calculated. The pH of chemical bath was stabilized below pH of 2 using 13.85mL concentrated nitric acid. Deposition time and temperature of the baths were 4h and 30°C. It has been found that bismuth and sulfide concentrations affected the structure and thickness of the film. Also, optical band gap of the films varied with concentration, parallel to the change of the structure and film thickness.

Selective preconcentration/separation of copper(II), iron(III), and lead(II) as their N'-benzoyl-N,N-diisobutylthiourea chelates on Amberlite XAD-16 resin.

A preconcentration/separation procedure for copper(II), iron(III), and lead(II) ions has been established for use prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. The presented procedure is based on adsorption of analyte ions on Amberlite XAD-16 resin as their N'-benzoyl-N,N-diisobutylthiourea chelates. The influence of analytical parameters including pH of the solutions and type of eluent on the recoveries of Cu(II), Fe(III), and Pb(II) ions was investigated. The recoveries of the analytes were generally > 95%. No interference effects were observed from alkaline, earth alkaline, or transition metals on the recoveries of the studied metals. The LODs based on 3sigma were 1.9 microg/L for Cu, 5.9 microg/L for Fe, and 3.1 microg/L for Pb. Validation of the procedure was carried out by analyzing standard reference material 1568a (rice flour). The procedure was applied to the determination of analytes in natural water samples.