Metal organic framework anchored onto biowaste mediated carbon material (rGO) for remediation of chromium (VI) by the photocatalytic process.

Groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) causes serious health concerns for the ecosystem. In this study, a hybrid amino functionalized MOF@rGO nanocatalyst was produced by utilization of a biowaste mediated carbon material (reduced graphene oxide; rGO) and its surface was modified by in situ synthesis of a nanocrystalline, mixed ligand octahedral MOF containing iron metal and NH2 functional groups and the prepared composite was investigated for Cr (VI) removal. The photocatalytic degradation of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions was carried out under UV irradiation. Using a batch mode system, the effect of numerous control variables was examined, and the process design and optimization were carried out by response surface methodology (RSM). The photocatalyst, NH2-MIL(53)-Fe@rGO, was intended to be a stable and highly effective nanocatalyst throughout the recycling tests. XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR examinations were exploited to discover more about surface carbon embedded with MOF. 2 g/L of NH2-MIL-53(Fe)/rGO was utilized in degrading 200 mg/L of Cr(VI) in just 100 min, implying the selective efficacy of such a MOF-rGO nanocatalyst. Moreover, the Eg determinations well agreed with the predicted range of 2.7 eV, confirming its possibility to be exploited underneath visible light, via the Tauc plot. Thus, MOF anchored onto biowaste derived rGO photo-catalyst was successfully implemented in chromium degradation.

An explainable AI-assisted web application in cancer drug value prediction.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the interest in adopting Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for healthcare. The proposed system includes•An XAI model for cancer drug value prediction. The model provides data that is easy to understand and explain, which is critical for medical decision-making. It also produces accurate projections.•A model outperformed existing models due to extensive training and evaluation on a large cancer medication chemical compounds dataset.•Insights into the causation and correlation between the dependent and independent actors in the chemical composition of the cancer cell. While the model is evaluated on Lung Cancer data, the architecture offered in the proposed solution is cancer agnostic. It may be scaled out to other cancer cell data if the properties are similar. The work presents a viable route for customizing treatments and improving patient outcomes in oncology by combining XAI with a large dataset. This research attempts to create a framework where a user can upload a test case and receive forecasts with explanations, all in a portable PDF report.

Firefly algorithm based WSN-IoT security enhancement with machine learning for intrusion detection.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) aided by the Internet of Things (IoT) is a collaborative system of WSN systems and IoT networks are work to exchange, gather, and handle data. The primary objective of this collaboration is to enhance data analysis and automation to facilitate improved decision-making. Securing IoT with the assistance of WSN necessitates the implementation of protective measures to confirm the safety and reliability of the interconnected WSN and IoT components. This research significantly advances the current state of the art in IoT and WSN security by synergistically harnessing the potential of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm. The contributions of this work are twofold: firstly, the proposed FA-ML technique exhibits an exceptional capability to enhance intrusion detection accuracy within the WSN-IoT landscape. Secondly, the amalgamation of the Firefly Algorithm and machine learning introduces a novel dimension to the domain of security-oriented optimization techniques. The implications of this research resonate across various sectors, ranging from critical infrastructure protection to industrial automation and beyond, where safeguarding the integrity of interconnected systems are of paramount importance. The amalgamation of cutting-edge machine learning and bio-inspired algorithms marks a pivotal step forward in crafting robust and intelligent security measures for the evolving landscape of IoT-driven technologies. For intrusion detection in the WSN-IoT, the FA-ML method employs a support vector machine (SVM) machine model for classification with parameter tuning accomplished using a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The experimental evaluation is simulated using NSL-KDD Dataset, revealing the remarkable enhancement of the FA-ML technique, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.34%. In comparison, the KNN-PSO and XGBoost models achieved lower accuracies of 96.42% and 95.36%, respectively. The findings validate the potential of the FA-ML technique as an active security solution for WSN-IoT systems, harnessing the power of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm to bolster intrusion detection capabilities.

Influence of heat input on the mechanical characteristics, corrosion and microstructure of ASTM A36 steel welded by GTAW technique.

The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process weld for the 4 mm thickness of the ASTM A36 steel plate with varied heat input parameters of 0.608 kJ/mm, 0.900 kJ/mm and 1.466 kJ/mm, respectively. The effect of different heat inputs on microstructure, corrosion, and mechanical characteristics of developed weld joints are examined by three zones: heat-affected zone, welded zone, and base metal zone. The optical microscopic results of weld joints illustrate that fine grain structure leads to enhance welding strength. It is revealed that the increased heat input parameter on the weld joint shows a decreased tensile strength and hardness of the weld joint. The corrosion resistance of the weld joint is evaluated by Potentio-dynamic polarization. It facilitates that the corrosion rate of the weld joint is decreased with increasing heat input, which results indicate the best and worst corrosion micrograph of the polygonal ferrite and ferrite plus polygonal ferrite. However, the weld joint prepared with 0.900 kJ/mm heat input found maximum corrosion resistance.

Error Concealment in the Density Field of a Spatiotemporal Image Sequence.

One of the most difficult challenges of multimedia transmission during the last two decades has been the retrieval of degraded or missing regions of images and videos while maintaining satisfactory perceptual accuracy. The objective is to retrieve lost data by using the similarity between frames. Usually, error concealment (EC) schemes depend on replacing incorrect data with data that are identical to the initial. This is possible because video contains a high degree of self-similarity. This research focuses on applying an EC approach in transform-domain video sequences. To conduct EC on films, they must first be translated to frames and then transformed using one of the available transformations into frequency-domain images. Using successive frames, it is possible to recover lost or incorrect data from images. Intra-coded frames (I-frames) may be used to recreate lost knowledge in predictive (P-frames) and bidirectional predictive frames (B-frames). I-frame knowledge that has been lost may be restored using previous intra-coded frames. The use of wavelet error concealment generated more precise results than the other techniques. In this study, it was discovered that covering faults in the density sector with wavelets produces more reliable results than the other techniques.

Optimized Tree Strategy with Principal Component Analysis Using Feature Selection-Based Classification for Newborn Infant's Jaundice Symptoms.

One of the most important and difficult research fields is newborn jaundice grading. The mitotic count is an important component in determining the severity of newborn jaundice. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection and an optimal tree strategy classifier to produce automatic mitotic detection in histopathology images and grading is given. This study makes use of real-time and benchmark datasets, as well as specific approaches for detecting jaundice in newborn newborns. According to research, the quality of the feature may have a negative impact on categorization performance. Additionally, compressing the classification method for exclusive main properties can result in a classification performance bottleneck. As a result, identifying appropriate characteristics for training the classifier is required. By combining a feature selection method with a classification model, this is possible. The major outcomes of this study revealed that image processing techniques are critical for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Image processing is a method of translating analogue images to digital formats and manipulating them. The primary goal of medical image processing is to collect information useful for disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Image datasets can be used to validate the performance of newborn jaundice detection. When compared to conventional approaches, it offers results that are accurate, quick, and time efficient. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which are common performance indicators, were also predictive.

Tunable graphene nanopatch antenna design for on-chip integrated terahertz detector arrays with potential application in cancer imaging.

Aim: Further to our reports on chip-integrable uncooled terahertz microbolometer arrays, compatible with medium-scale semiconductor device fabrication processes, the possibility of the development of chip-integrable medical device is proposed here. Methods: The concept of graphene-based nanopatch antennas with design optimization by the finite element method (FEM) is explored. The high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) utilized fine FEM solver for analyzing empirical mode decomposition preprocessing and for modeling and simulating graphene antennas. Results: Graphene nanopatch antennas exhibited tunable features with varying patch dimensions and dependence on substrate material permittivity. Conclusion: This work implements reconfigurable graphene nanopatch antenna compatible with terahertz microbolometer arrays. This design concept further develops on-chip medical devices for possible screening of cancer cell with terahertz image processing.

Recurrence and Coniglobus Volumetric Resolution of Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Post-Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) and characterize its post-embolization volumetric resolution. METHODS: Ten patients diagnosed with 13 cSDH underwent MMA embolization. SDH volumes were measured from time of initial discovery on imaging to pre-operative, post-operative, short-term and long-term follow-up. Time between procedure to obliteration was also measured. Volumetric analysis was done using the coniglobus formula, and recurrence rate as well as resolution timeline was defined using best-fit models. RESULTS: Out of 10 patients, five were recurrent lesions, three were bilateral and seven unilateral cSDH. Average and median pre-operative volumes were 105.3 cc and 97.4 cc, respectively. Embolization on average was performed 21 days after discovery. Sixty percent of patients had concurrent antiplatelets or anticoagulation use. Forty percent underwent embolization treatment as the primary therapy. Recurrence was not seen in any patients treated with embolization. There were no peri- or post-operative complications. Five patients experienced complete or near-complete obliteration, while those with partial resolution showed a composite average of 75% volumetric reduction in 45 days. Post-embolization, the volumetric resolution followed an exponential decay curve over time and was independent of initial volume. CONCLUSION: MMA embolization contributed to a marked reduction in SDH volume post-operatively and can be used as a curative therapy for primary or recurrent chronic SDH.

Systematic measurements of charge transfer complexes caused from 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 4-aminoacetanilide with series of π-acceptors (BQ, DDQ, TCNQ).

Molecular charge-transfer interaction of a series of electron π-acceptors of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with selected donors of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (PTHIQ) and 4-aminoacetanilide (ACE) have been studied in methanol at room temperature. The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined by photometric titration method and was found to be 1:1, in all the cases. Spectro-kinetic interaction studies along with rate constants and observed formation constants (K) indicated that the strength of the complex formations is PTHIQ-BQ < PTHIQ-DDQ < PTHIQ-TCNQ. Also, Similar observations happened in ACE-BQ and < ACE-DDQ < ACE-TCNQ systems. FT-IR results indicated that the point of interaction was identifying in NH moiety of PTHIQ and NH2 moiety of ACE with series of π-acceptor complexes. The experimental results were compared with Ab initio DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) level of theory. The increasing order of the experimentally measured formation constant of CT-complexes (PTHIQ and ACE with series of acceptors) was well supported by theoretical HOMO-LUMO energy gap and drastically changes in Mulliken charges of NH moiety of PTHIQ, NH2 moiety of ACE with complexation with acceptors.

A novel homozygous TPM1 mutation in familial pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in silico screening of potential targeting drugs.

OBJECTIVE: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac disease. While sarcomeric gene mutations explain many HCM cases, the genetic basis of about half of HCM cases remains elusive. Here we aimed to identify the gene causing HCM in a non-consanguineous Saudi Arabian family with affected family members and a history of sudden death. The impact of the identified mutation on protein structure and potential drug targets were evaluated in silico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Triplets (two HCM subjects and one patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) case) and unaffected parents were screened by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for 181 candidate cardiomyopathy genes. In silico structural and functional analyses, including protein modeling, structure prediction, drug screening, drug binding, and dynamic simulations were performed to explore the potential pathogenicity of the variant and to identify candidate drugs. RESULTS: A homozygous missense mutation in exon 1 of TMP1 (assembly GRCh37-chr15: 63340781; G>A) was identified in the triplets [two HCM and one patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)] that substituted glycine for arginine at codon 3 (p.Gly3Arg). The parents were heterozygous for the variant. The mutation was predicted to cause a significant and deleterious change in the TPM1 protein structure that slightly affected drug binding, stability, and conformation. In addition, we identified several putative TPM1-targeting drugs through structure-based in silico screening. CONCLUSIONS: TPM1 mutations are a common cause of HCM and other congenital heart defects. To date, TPM1 has not been associated with isolated PDA; to our knowledge, this is the first report of the homozygous missense variation p.Gly3Arg in TPM1 associated with familial autosomal recessive pediatric HCM and PDA. The identified candidate TPM1 inhibitors warrant further prospective investigation.

Safety and Efficacy of Flow Reversal in Acute and Elective Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting Using the Mo.Ma Device with Short-Term Follow-Up.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of flow reversal following proximal flow arrest as an embolic protection strategy for carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) with short-term follow-up. METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of our CAS database for patients who underwent stent-supported carotid revascularization in the setting of acute/subacute stroke or TIA. We reviewed clinical and radiographic data during a 36-month period. Primary outcome was clinical evidence of ipsilateral stroke in the first 30 days. Secondary outcomes include clinical outcomes and sonographic and/or angiographic follow-up over 6 months, 6-month functional scale, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients underwent CAS using flow reversal: 26 females and 29 males with a mean age of 69.7 years. Median time to treatment from index event was 3 days. 11% underwent stenting as part of hyperacute stroke therapy. Average luminal stenosis was 86%. The 9-Fr Mo.Ma device was used in combination with Penumbra aspiration in all cases. There were no ipsilateral strokes. Incidence of any ischemic event was 3.64%, but only 1 (1.82%) patient had a postoperative stroke. Clinical follow-up was available for 94.5%, while lesion follow-up was available for 73% of patients. Three patients had evidence of restenosis, but none were symptomatic. Luminal restenosis was ≤30% in all three. Median pre- and post-NIHSS were 1 and 1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Flow reversal using the Mo.Ma device is a safe and effective strategy in preventing distal embolization during carotid artery revascularization.

Effectiveness of spontaneous ovulation as monitored by urinary luteinising hormone versus induced ovulation by administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin in couples undergoing gonadotrophin-stimulated intrauterine insemination: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare effectiveness of spontaneous ovulation monitored by urinary luteinising hormone (LH) versus induced ovulation by administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in couples undergoing gonadotrophin-stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI). DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University-level infertility unit. POPULATION: Couples with unexplained infertility, mild endometriosis, mild male factor infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome. METHODS: Couples were randomised to an LH group (Group A), in which urinary LH was measured daily to detect spontaneous ovulation, or an hCG group (Group B), in which urinary hCG was administered as a trigger. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes - ongoing pregnancy, live birth, multiple pregnancy and miscarriage rates. RESULTS: A total of 392 couples were randomised with 196 in each arm. The clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomised was 14/196 (7.1%) in the LH arm versus 15/196 (7.6%) in the hCG arm (P = 0.847, which was not statistically significant). Similarly, the ongoing pregnancy rates [13/196 (6.6%) versus 14/196 (7.1%); P = 0.84] and the live birth rates [13/196 (6.6%) versus 14/196 (7.1%); P = 0.84] between the two groups did not show any significant difference. The duration of stimulation and gonadotrophin dosage also did not differ significantly between the two methods. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates when urinary LH and hCG trigger were compared as methods to time insemination in women undergoing gonadotropin-stimulated IUI. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: A randomised controlled study showing similar effectiveness between two different methods of timing IUI.

Type B choledochocele vs duodenal duplication cyst: a diagnostic dilemma and its management: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Duplication cyst of the alimentary tract is a rare congenital anomaly. Duodenal duplication cyst accounts for less than 5% overall. These entities rarely present in adults. They are often mistaken as choledochoceles. Management is most often complete excision, but it is individualized to the particular case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a history of intermittent colicky right hypochondrial pain not relieved by any medications for the past 3 months. Initially, she was given proton pump inhibitors, but her pain was not relieved. Further evaluation was done, and preoperative imaging showed a cyst in the second part of the duodenum. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed it as a choledochocele, but duodenal duplication cyst was kept in the differential diagnosis. Further ultrasound identified it to be a duplication cyst. After failed endotreatment, the patient was successfully managed with partial excision and marsupialization. CONCLUSION: Duodenal duplication cyst is uncommon and rarely diagnosed in adults. Duplications in the duodenum should always be a part of the differential diagnosis, especially in cystic lesions. Ultrasonogram of the cyst might lead to the proper diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice if endotherapy is not successful.

The antibacterial influence of nanotopographic titanium, zirconium, and aluminum nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and porphyromonas gingivalis: An In vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Nanoparticle coated implants have revolutionized the field of implantology. Peri-implantitis is one of the main for implant failure. Most implant failures are due to Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinomyces concomitant. AIM: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of titanium, zirconium, aluminum nanoparticles against S. aureus and P. gingivalis at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to ISO/TR 11175:1993, the samples were prepared in disc shape with 20-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness in Grade IV titanium. The samples were decontaminated by sonicating in acetone and subsequently in water three times for 15 min. A total of eighty samples were made, then coated with nanoparticles, and divided into Group-A (control), Group-B (Ti nanoparticles coating), Group-C (Zi nanoparticles coating), and Group-D (Al nanoparticles coating). The discs were sterilized under ultraviolet radiation and placed in Mueller-Hinton agar medium for S. aureus and blood agar for P. gingivalis. The colonies were counted at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: The P < 0.001 showed that statistically significant difference in colony forming unit had been found in titanium nanoparticles coated samples at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. CONCLUSION: TiO2 nanoparticle coated titanium discs showed significant antibacterial effect.

Next-generation sequencing identifies a homozygous mutation in ACADVL associated with pediatric familial dilated cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe heart disease. The genetics of familial DCM are complex and include over 100 known disease-causing genes, but many causative genes are unknown. We aimed to identify the causative gene for DCM in a consanguineous Saudi Arabian family with affected family members and a history of sudden death. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Affected (two children) and unaffected (one sibling and the mother) family members were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for 181 candidate DCM genes and underwent metabolic screening. Fifty-seven clinically annotated controls and 46 DCM cases were then tested for the identified mutation. In silico structural and functional analyses including protein modeling, structure prediction and dynamic simulations were performed. RESULTS: A homozygous missense mutation in exon 15 of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain gene (ACADVL; chr17:7127303; G>A) was identified in affected subjects that substituted histidine for arginine at codon 450 (p.R450H). The variant was heterozygous in the mother and unaffected sister. The mutation was absent in 57 clinically annotated controls and 48 pediatric DCM cases. The mutation was predicted to cause a significant and deleterious change in the ACADVL protein structure that affected drug binding, stability, and conformation. Metabolic screening confirmed VLCAD deficiency in affected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The ACADVL R450H mutation is an uncommon cause of the DCM phenotype that appears to be autosomal recessive. Targeted NGS is useful for identifying the causative mutation(s) in familial DCM of unknown genetic cause.

Chelating modified cellulose bearing pendant heterocyclic moiety for effective removal of heavy metals.

Cellulose bearing pendant Schiff base with heterocyclic chelating groups (CMC-Bz) was synthesized, which were fully characterized using various instrumental techniques such as solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectra. The adsorption of toxic metals onto cellulosic material was tested in a batch mode operation. The adsorption functional factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, metal ion concentration, equilibrium time and temperature were experimentally optimized for the maximum removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. Adsorption isotherms were evaluated with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Kinetic parameters and equilibrium adsorption capacities were investigated for pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters and reusability were also evaluated.

Acceleration of Intruding Anterior Tooth by Alveolar Corticotomy.

True intrusion is one of the difficult and complex goals to achieve which requires clinical judgment, skills, and experience. Intrusion requires less force level than other tooth movement, but it requires delicacy since the entire stress is concentrated in the apex of the root. Although true intrusion alone is not challenging, eliminating the adverse effect while intruding requires tedious skills of the clinician. A 17-year-old male patient with Class I malocclusion with open bite has a prominent maxillary cortical bone. He had a convex profile with an unpleasant smile. To reduce the bulkiness of cortical bone and to intrude the upper anterior, so the decision was made to perform corticotomy.

Identification of potent chromone embedded [1,2,3]-triazoles as novel anti-tubercular agents.

A series of 20 novel chromone embedded [1,2,3]-triazoles derivatives were synthesized via an easy and convenient synthetic procedure starting from 2-hydroxy acetophenone. The in vitro anti-mycobacterial evaluation studies carried out in this work reveal that seven compounds exhibit significant inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain with MIC in the range of 1.56-12.5 µg ml-1. Noticeably, compound 6s was the most potent compound in vitro with a MIC value of 1.56 µg ml-1. Molecular docking and chemoinformatics studies revealed that compound 6s displayed drug-like properties against the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase of M. tuberculosis further establishing its potential as a potent inhibitor.

Transition metal free regio-selective C-H hydroxylation of chromanones towards the synthesis of hydroxyl-chromanones using PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant.

The chromanone scaffold is considered as a privileged structure in drug discovery. Herein, we report a highly efficient PhI(OAc)2 mediated regioselective, direct C-H hydroxylation of chromanones. This method offers easy access to substituted 6-hydroxy chromanones in moderate to good isolated yields, thus paving the way for their pharmaceutical studies.