Impact of peripheral blood mononuclear cells preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant in managing gastric mucosal damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats.

The world has witnessed tremendous advancements in nano-base applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) are widely used in food industry and medicine. Although their application is of important value, they may cause toxicity to body tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proved its efficacy in tissue regeneration especially when it is preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant (APS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ZON on the gastric mucosa and the therapeutic role of the PBMCs preconditioned by APS in rats. Ten rats were donors and fifty rats were recipients. The recipients were divided into; control group, ZON group (10 mg/kg/day orally for five days) and preconditioned PBMCs group (1×107 once intravenously 24 hours after ZON). Gastric specimens were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies. ZON group showed marked structural changes in the gastric mucosa. There was desquamation or deep ulceration of the epithelium. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei were in glandular cells. Reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased tumor necrosis factor-α were in epithelial cells. There were significant elevation in malondialdahyde and reduction in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Enhancement in mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B and cyclooxygenase-2 was detected. The preconditioned PBMCs group showed significant improvement of all parameters. So, ZON had cytotoxic effects on the gastric mucosa and the preconditioned PBMCs had a therapeutic effect on gastric mucosal damage after ZON.

Edaravone attenuates lung injury in a hind limb ischemia-reperfusion rat model: A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

Edaravone is a potent free radical scavenger that has a promising role in combating many acute lung injuries. Ischemia/reperfusion process is a serious condition that may lead to multiple organ dysfunctions. This work was designed to investigate novel mechanisms underlying ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury and to evaluate the protective role of edaravone. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups; operated with no ischemia (Sham-group), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and edaravone-I/R group. Hind limb ischemia was carried out by clamping the femoral artery. After two hours of ischemia for the hind limb, the rat underwent 24h of reperfusion. Rats in the edaravone-I/R group received edaravone (3mg/kg), 30min before induction of ischemia. At the end of the I/R trial, specimens from the lungs were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, enzyme assay, and RT-qPCR studies. Specimens from I/R group showed focal disruption of the alveolar architecture. Extensive mononuclear cellular infiltration particularly with neutrophils and dilated congested blood capillaries were observed. A significant increase in iNOS, NF-κB, and COX-2 immunoreaction was detected and confirmed by RT-qPCR. Ultrastructural examination showed RBCs and fluid inside alveoli, cellular infiltration, and vacuolations of the inter-alveolar septum. In addition to the presence of extravasated neutrophils and RBCs within the inter-alveolar septum. In contrast, minimal changes were observed in rats which received edaravone before the onset of the ischemia. It could be concluded that edaravone exerted a potent protective effect against lung injury induced by a hind limb I/R in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.