Mitigation of haemato-genotoxic and stress response effects in Cyprinus carpio via silymarin dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure.

The study examined the potential of Silymarin, a blend of bioactive flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum, to mitigate Deltamethrin-induced toxicity in the blood of Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to Deltamethrin (0.66 µg/L), the plant extract, or a combination of both for a duration of thirty days. Various parameters, including serum biochemical markers, erythrocytic abnormalities, and genotoxicity endpoints, were assessed. Results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, and TLC in the fish exposed to the pesticide. Conversely, total protein, TEC, and Hb showed a notable decrease. There was also a notable rise in micronuclei and erythrocytic abnormalities such as acanthocytes, microcytes, and notched cells. Under ultrastructural examination, phenotypic deformities like spherocytosis, discocytes, and clumped erythrocytes were observed. However, dietary supplementation of silymarin (1 g/kg) significantly restored the biochemical, genetic, and cellular parameters, resembling those of the control group. This suggests the potential of this plant extract in protecting the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, from Deltamethrin-induced damage by scavenging free radicals and reducing DNA oxidative stress.

Trade balance, monetary supply, commodity prices, and greener energy growth: contextual evidence from BRICS economies in the lens of sustainability.

The prime objective of this study is to examine the heterogenous impacts of money supply, commodity prices, and trade balance on the greener energy growth in BRICS economies. The BRICS economies are the leading trade block and have huge investments on greener energy projects. In doing so, we employ the data from January 2010 to May 2021 and employed panel fixed regression methods. The findings mention that change in inflation, export, import, industrial production, foreign direct investment (FDI), price of commodities, and money supply significantly affect greener energy growth. Notably, we observe that foreign investments, commodity prices, and money supply are the key factors for greener growth in BRICS economies. Overall, the study concludes interesting conclusions and implications in context of sustainability.

CXCL12 defines lung endothelial heterogeneity and promotes distal vascular growth.

There is a growing amount of data uncovering the cellular diversity of the pulmonary circulation and mechanisms governing vascular repair after injury. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the morphogenesis and growth of the pulmonary vasculature during embryonic development are less clear. Importantly, deficits in vascular development lead to significant pediatric lung diseases, indicating a need to uncover fetal programs promoting vascular growth. To address this, we used a transgenic mouse reporter for expression of Cxcl12, an arterial endothelial hallmark gene, and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on isolated Cxcl12-DsRed+ endothelium to assess cellular heterogeneity within pulmonary endothelium. Combining cell annotation with gene ontology and histological analysis allowed us to segregate the developing artery endothelium into functionally and spatially distinct subpopulations. Expression of Cxcl12 is highest in the distal arterial endothelial subpopulation, a compartment enriched in genes for vascular development. Accordingly, disruption of CXCL12 signaling led to, not only abnormal branching, but also distal vascular hypoplasia. These data provide evidence for arterial endothelial functional heterogeneity and reveal conserved signaling mechanisms essential for pulmonary vascular development.

Autoimplantation Therapy in Extensive and Recalcitrant Dermatophytosis: A Case Series.

Dermatophytosis is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is difficult to treat due to its recalcitrant nature. Conventional treatment modalities are associated with frequent relapses due to the absence of a host immune interaction. Here, we present a case series of three patients with difficult-to-treat and recalcitrant dermatophytosis who were treated with homologous autoimplantation. Complete clearance of dermatophytosis was observed after three months in two of the patients and after two and a half months in one patient without the use of any antifungals. No relapses were observed within six months of follow-up. The outcomes of the three patients presented in this case series support homologous autoimplantation as a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of recalcitrant dermatophytosis. The procedure requires only a single visit that can be performed either alone or in combination with other modalities.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Soluble Mediators and Cystic Fibrosis.

Human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) secrete products (supernatants) that are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. We have previously shown that hMSCs decrease inflammation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the in vivo murine model of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which pulmonary infection and inflammation becomes the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Our studies focus on determining how MSCs contribute to improved outcomes in the CF mouse model centering on how the MSCs impact the inflammatory response to pathogenic organisms. We hypothesize that MSCs secrete products that are anti-inflammatory in scenarios of chronic pulmonary infections using the murine model of infection and inflammation with a specific interest in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). Further, our studies will identify whether the MSCs are impacting this inflammatory response through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) which aides in decreasing inflammation.

Antimicrobial Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential for Cystic Fibrosis Infection, and Treatment.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which the battle between pulmonary infection and inflammation becomes the major cause of morbidity and mortality. We have previously shown that human MSCs (hMSCs) decrease inflammation and infection in the in vivo murine model of CF. The studies in this paper focus on the specificity of the hMSC antimicrobial effectiveness using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria). Our studies show that hMSCs secrete bioactive molecules which are antimicrobial in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia, impacting the rate of bacterial growth and transition into colony forming units regardless of the pathogen. Further, we show that the hMSCs have the capacity to enhance antibiotic sensitivity, improving the capacity to kill bacteria. We present data which suggests that the antimicrobial effectiveness is associated with the capacity to slow bacterial growth and the ability of the hMSCs to secrete the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Lastly, our studies demonstrate that the tissue origin of the hMSCs (bone marrow or adipose tissue derived), the presence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR: human, Cftr: mouse) activity, and response to effector cytokines can impact both hMSC phenotype and antimicrobial potency and efficacy. These studies demonstrate, the unique capacity of the hMSCs to manage different pathogens and the significance of their phenotype in both the antimicrobial and antibiotic enhancing activities.