ABSTRACT
Surface functionalization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is carried out by chemical and electrochemical oxidation in aqueous medium. Treatment of SWCNT in acid mixtures results oxygenated surface with mainly micro porous texture which shows a pseudocapacitance of 209 Fg(-1) in 1 M H2SO4 solution at a current rate of 50 mAg(-1). The SWCNT surface become slightly non-polar when treated with fuming HNO3 even in the presence of oxygenated species. Under a current rate of 50 mAg(-1), a maximum capacitance of 202 Fg(-1) is observed in 1 M Et3MeNBF4 in polycarbonate due to presence of mesopores. Electrochemical oxidation in KNO2 functionalizes the SWCNT surface with NO2 species which shows intermediate pseudocapacitance facilitating probably organization of only smaller ions along the walls of mesopores of SWCNT. The mixed acid treated SWCNTs exhibit sensibly larger capacitance of 160 Fg(-1) even at higher current rate of 5000 mAg(-1).
ABSTRACT
The exponential correction of the QT interval (eQTc) was studied using 12,543 resting electrocardiograms obtained in children (first and seventh graders) who were screened for heart disease in Kagoshima City. The values of eQTc to minimize the effect of the RR interval were estimated using following exponential model, eQTc = (QT interval)/(RR interval)--k. The parameter k = 0.31 was found to be the most useful exponent. The distribution of eQTc values showed a hiatus or break at probability points near p < 0.001 or p < 0.0005. Tentative criteria for an abnormally long eQTc were selected using these points and the following convenient data: 0.430 and 0.435 for the male and female first graders, and 0.440 and 0.445 for the male and female seventh graders, increased by 0.005, respectively. Abnormal values must ultimately be selected using data on patients with the long QT syndrome; however, our findings suggest that the exponential correction of the QT interval may be useful in large-scale screening programs for detecting a QT prolongation in young school children.
Subject(s)
Electrocardiography/methods , Long QT Syndrome/diagnosis , Child , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Models, StatisticalABSTRACT
A 6-year-old girl with acute suppurative thyroiditis is reported. She suffered from suppurative thyroiditis twice, and E. corrodens and alpha-streptococcus were grown from the abscess each time. They were sensitive to antibiotics used, but surgical drainage was necessary to cease to inflammation each time. E. corrodens seemed to be a causative organism with or without another organism in compromised patients and/or patients with anatomical abnormalities. The presented patient was supposed to have some anatomical abnormality such as an internal fistula from the piriform sinus connecting the perithyroidal space, however, no abnormalities were detected during these episodes.