ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate SAPIEN 3 (S3) (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) positioning using different strategies. BACKGROUND: Aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) is associated with high risk of elevated gradients. METHODS: S3 aortic ViV procedures in stented bioprostheses were studied. Transcatheter heart valve (THV) positioning was analyzed in a centralized core lab blinded to clinical outcomes. A combined endpoint of severely elevated mean gradient ($30 mm Hg) or pacemaker need was established. Two positioning strategies were compared: central marker method and top of S3 method. Optimal final depth was defined as S3 depth #20%. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria and were analyzed (76.5 _ 9.7 years of age, 65.8% male, STS score 8 _ 7.6%). THVs had incomplete shortening in comparison to fully expanded valves (92 _ 3.4%), and expansion was more complete in optimal positioning cases compared with others (93.2 _ 2.7% vs. 91.5 _ 3.5%; p » 0.027). The central marker method demonstrated greater correlation with final implantation depth than the top of S3 method (R2 of 0.48 and 0.14; p < 0.001 and p » 0.001, respectively). The combined endpoint rate was 4.3% in the optimal (higher than 3 mm) implantation group, 12% in the intermediate group, and 50% in the low group (p < 0.001). There were no cases of THV embolization. In cases with central marker higher than 3 mm, 72.4% had optimal final depth. In those with central marker higher than 6 mm, 90% had optimal final depth. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal S3 positioning in aortic ViV is associated with better outcomes. Central marker positioning is more reliable than top of S3 positioning. Central marker bottom position should be 3 mm to 6 mm above the ring. (AU)
Subject(s)
Pacemaker, Artificial , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Intra-Aortic Balloon PumpingABSTRACT
The success of the innovative Symetis ACURATE TA aortic bioprosthesistriggered the development of a new TAVI device, inwhich the specific features are translated for a transfemoralapproach. The ACURATE TF aortic bioprosthesis (Symetis SA,Ecublens, Switzerland) is a self-expanding nitinol device, whichwas designed: 1) to allow easy and intuitive implantation; and2) to overcome high rates of post-interventional pacemakerimplantation and paravalvular leakage. Today, it is available inthree sizes accommodating aortic annulus sizes from 21 to 27 mm(ACURATE TF S 21-23 mm, M 23-25 mm, L 25-27 mm).
Subject(s)
Femoral Artery , Stents , Aortic ValveABSTRACT
El reemplazo valvular aórtico por estenosis es notoriamente alto, hasta un 30% en poblaciones estudiadas, lo cual implica en determinados grupos un riesgo quirúrgico elevado. En este artículo se describe la implantación transapical de la válvula, un procedimiento miniinvasivo y en principio sin circulación extracorpórea. Se indica preferentemente en pacientes ancianos con alto riesgo operatorio, en aquellos con aortas gravemente calcificadas y en otros con revascularizaciones coronarias previas. El estudio de la geometría aórtica es esencial: la ecocardiografía transesofágica da la mejor medida del diámetro de la raíz aórtica y la tomografía computarizada determina exactamente el diámetro del anillo y tiene la posibilidad agregada de medir la distancia desde el anillo a los ostia coronarios. Se debe contar con la posibilidad de circulación extracorpórea en carácter de stand-by. Por una pequeña toracotomía anterolateral se accede a la punta del corazón donde se cateteriza el ventrículo hacia la posición aórtica con control radioscópico. La valvuloplastia, la inserción de la vaina transapical y el posicionamiento de la prótesis son las maniobras siguientes. El posicionamiento de la válvula constituye el paso más crítico, pero con esta técnica es más eficaz. En los últimos casos, mediante el software denominado DYNA CT, se han logrado mejores perspectivas en un punto crucial para el desarrollo definitivo. Desde febrero de 2006 hasta diciembre 2008 se implantaron 192 válvulas por vía transapical en pacientes con una edad media de 82,5 ± 5,7 años. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 8,9% y en el seguimiento alejado a 256 ± 213 días fue del 12,8%. Esta técnica debe ser realizada en un quirófano híbrido por un equipo especializado y debidamente entrenado de cirujanos, cardiólogos y anestesistas para obtener resultados óptimos.
Almost 30% of aortic valve replacements are due to aortic stenosis; therefore, certain groups of patients present high operative risk. This article describes transapical aortic valve implantation, a minimally invasive off-pump procedure. This technique represents a new alternative for patients with advanced age and increased operative risk, severe calcifications of the aorta, or previous coronary revascularization. Delineation of the aortic root geometry is essential. Transesophageal echocardiography is the most reliable tool to measure the diameter of the aortic root. Computerized tomography is another method of determining the width of the aortic annulus and it has the added ability of measuring the distance from the aortic annulus to the coronary ostia. Cardiopulmonary bypass should be available as a stand-by during all the procedure, which consists of an anterolateral mini-thoracotomy for direct antegrade surgical access through the apex of the left ventricle; then a catheter is inserted and placed in the aortic position under fluoroscopic guidance. Balloon valvuloplasty is performed thereafter, followed by transapical sheath insertion and prosthetic valve positioning. Exact valve positioning is the most critical step. The use of DYNA CT imaging software has improved the perspectives for the definite development of this technique. From February 2006 to December 2008, 192 aortic valves have been implanted transapically; mean age of patients was 82.5±5.7 years. Mortality 30 days after the procedure was 8.9% and 12.8% at long-term follow-up (256±213 days). Implantations are optimally performed in a hybrid operating room by an experienced team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and anesthetists.