ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The composition of the root canal filling materials together with the apical limit of the root canal obturation affect the complete periapical healing after root canal therapy. AIM: This study was performed to evaluate and compare the periapical healing in response to calcium-silicate (iRoot SP) and calcium-hydroxide (Apexit) based-sealers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-two upper premolars root canals of six dogs were used. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: Group one: roots were obturated using gutta-percha and Apexit-sealer; Group two: roots were obturated using gutta-percha&iRoot SP-sealer; Group three: the teeth were left open without obturation; Group four: where healthy teeth were used as a negative control. Teeth were evaluated after one, two and three months. The newly formed mineralised apical tissue and the periapical inflammatory infiltrate of the obtained photomicrographs were evaluated, and scorings were statistically-analysed. RESULTS: The mean percentage of the periapical inflammatory infiltrates and mineralisation scoring after one, two and three months evaluation period were not significantly different among the four groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the sealer used, iRoot SP and Apexit promote healing of periapical tissues. IRoot SP sealer showed early insignificant more partial and almost full healing after two and three months.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Successful root canal treatment depends on proper cleaning, disinfecting and shaping of the root canal space. Pulpless teeth have lower dentin microhardness value compared to that of vital teeth. A material which can cause change in dentin composition may affect the microhardness. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of two root canal sealers on dentin microhardness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty two single rooted teeth were selected and divided into 3 equal groups; Apexit, iRootSP and control groups (n=14) Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups according to the post evaluation period; 1 week and 2 months (n=7). Root canal procedure was done in the experimental groups and obturation was made using either; Apexit, iRootSP or left unprepared and unobturated in the control group. Roots were sectioned transversely into cervical, middle and apical segments. The three sections of each root were mounted in a plastic chuck with acrylic resin. The coronal dentin surfaces of the root segments werepolished. Microhardness of each section was measured at 500 µm and 1000 µm from the canal lumen. RESULTS: Four way-ANOVA revealed that different tested sealer materials, canal third, measuring distance from the pulp and time as independent variables had statistically non significant effect on mean microhardness values (VHN) at p≤0.001. Among iRootSP groups there was a statistically significant difference between iRoot SP at coronal root portion (87.79±17.83) and iRoot SP at apical root portion (76.26±9.33) groups where (p=0.01). IRoot SP at coronal canal third had higher statistically significant mean microhardness value (87.79±17.83) compared to Apexit at coronal third (73.61±13.47) where (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Root canal sealers do not affect dentin microhardness. Key words:Root canal, dentin, sealers, microhardness, bioceramic.
ABSTRACT
Nonsurgical local treatment of a periapical lesion arising from trauma or bacterial infection is a promising innovative approach. The present study investigated the feasibility of developing injectable amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (ACP NPs) and ACP NPs loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug; ibuprofen (IBU-ACP NPs) in the form of thermoreversible in situ gels to treat periapical lesions with the stimulation of bone formation. NPs were produced by a spray-drying technique. Different formulations of Poloxamer 407 were incorporated with/without the produced NPs to form injectable gels. A drug release study was carried out. A 3 month in vivo test on a dog model also was assessed. Results showed successful incorporation of the drug into the NPs of CP during spray drying. The particles had mean diameters varying from 100 to 200 nm with a narrow distribution. A drug release study demonstrated controlled IBU release from IBU-ACP NPs at a pH of 7.4 over 24 h. The gelation temperature of the injectable in situ gels based on Poloxamer 407 was measured to be 30 °C. After 3 months of implantation in dogs, the results clearly demonstrated that the inclusion of ACP NPs loaded with IBU showed high degrees of periapical bone healing and cementum layer deposition around the apical root tip.